Guide For The Design & Installation Of Services.pdf

Based on the Philippine Electrical Code, Part 1 (2017 Edition)

Philippine Copyright 2018 by

Institnte of Integrated Electrical Engineers ofthe Philippines, Incorporated (IIEE) IIEE Bldg., #41 Monte de Piedad St., Cubao Quezon City

All rights in this book are reserved. Pe1mission is granted to republish in full the material herein in laws, ordinances, regulations, administrative orders or similar documents issued by public authorities. Others desiring pennission to reproduce this material in whole or in part shall consult the Institute oflntegrated Electrical Engineers of the Philippines, Incorporated.

First Printing, October 2018

Published by: Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the Philippines, Incorporated (IIEE)

Printed by: MG Reprographics Supply & Services, Inc.

ISBN: 978-971-9658-05-4

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PREFACE

The Standards Committee of the Integrated Institute of Electrical Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (IIEE) unde1iook preparation and publication of this book, Guide for the Design and Installation of Services, in 2014. This 2018 Edition of the book is intended to expand on the PEC I 2017 requirements for certain portions ofArticle 2.30- Services which some electrical engineering practitioners may find "gray". Likewise, it can serve as a guide for electrical engineers who are embarking on their career and electrical engineering students in their course. With this book, the Standards Committee hope a "standard" can be set concerning Services design and installation. The Guide for the Design and Installation of Services is prepared in coordination with members of the PECI Committee of IIEE who worked on the Philippine Electrical Code, Part I, 2017 Edition or PECI 2017. This book is welcomed by these PECI Committee members as it greatly helps to clarify sections under Article 2.30 - Services which may seem in conflict to accepted installations of existing services. The Standards Committee planned the Guide for the Design and Installation of Services as a brief and concise reference book which is easy to read and yet presents important and relevant information. As such, the book is divided into three (3) sections- a book text section, an illustrations section and a single-line diagrams section. By doing so, the reader has a section of uninterrupted text with cross referencing to illustrations in another section. The singleline diagrams section further clarifies the text and illustrations. Another advantage of having sections is that when the reader wants to check an illustration or single-line diagram concept being developed or for validation, he/she can quickly leaf through these sections without being interrupted by lengthy text. iii

·· With all these in mind, the Standards Committee hopes the reader will have an enjoyable and informative reading experience. Reference materials used in the preparation of the Guide for the Design and Installation of Services are mainly from the: !.Philippine Electrical Code, Part 1, 2017 Edition (IIEE PECl 2017) 2. National Electrical Code 2017 Handbook (NFPA 70 NEC 2017 Handbook) Comments on Guide for the Design and Installation of Services (Based on PEC 1 20 17) regarding omissions and errors, as well as, conflicts with accepted international standards are most welcome and will be highly appreciated. All suggestions will be studied and considered for inclusion in the Manual's next edition. Suggestions can be addressed to: THE CHAIRMAN, STANDARDS COMMITTEE Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. IIEE Bldg., #41 Monte De Piedad Street Cubao, Quezon City 1111, Metro Manila

The Committee wishes to express its utmost gratitude and heartfelt appreciation to Engr. William W. Yang, Adviser & 2017 PEC 1 Committee Chairman for his valuable efforts and significant contributions in the construction, formulation, consultation, and preparation of this book text.

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PARTICIPANTS The following are the working group members of the Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (IIEE) under the Standards Committee: Chairman: GEMJ.TAN Vice-Chairman: ROY REYNALDO G. GONZALEZ Members: ARJUN G. ANSAY EDGARDO C. CALANTUAN ROGERS. CHUA MA. SHOLLY ROSEL. MABANGO EDWIN V. PANGILINAN MARITES R. PANGILINAN GENESIS S. RAMOS REYNALDO R. SANTIAGO GIDEON S. TAN Advisers: ARTHUR A. LOPEZ WILLIAM W. YANG Illustrator: MARK DAVID E. MENESES flEE Secretariat: CHRISTOPHER EMMANUEL C. AGORTO KENNETH A. JORIGUE

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Approved by the members of the IIEE Board of Governors on September 22, 20 18 during the Board of Governors meeting at Pagadian City: 2018 BOARD OF GOVERNORS NOEL T. FERNANDEZ National President CIRILO C. CALIBJO Vice-President for Internal Affairs FLORENCIO D. BERENGUEL Vice-President for External Affairs ANGEL V. DE VERA JR. Vice-President for Technical Affairs RAMON Z. GATCHALIAN JR. National Secretary EUGENIO F. ARAULLO National Treasurer FLORIGO C. VARONA National Auditor

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ELISEO B. TANNAGAN Northern Luzon Governor FRANKT.WY Central Luzon Governor RODRIGO T. PECOLERA Metro Manila Governor MARIAJOSENIAR. BAUTRO Southern Luzon Governor ENELITO N. VARGAS Bicol Governor ANDREW D. ZEPEDA Western Visayas Governor TEODORO E. ARNAIZ Eastern/Central Visayas Governor SANDRO R. VILLAROSA Northern Mindanao Governor WILSON A. PERlA Southern Mindanao Governor MARIE SANITA SILAO-FUERTES Western Mindanao Governor ROBERT U. MABULAY Middle East Regional Governor

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TABLE OF CONTENTS TEXT SECTION

Chapter 1 Introduction Definitions Chapter 2 Number of Services to a Building Services Exception - Special Conditions Services Exception - Special Occupancies Services Exception - Capacity Requirements Services Exception - Different Characteristics Chapter 3 Installation Methods Chapter 4 Service-Entrances Service-Entrances Exception No. 1 Service-Entrances Exception No.2 Service-Entrances Exception No. 3 Service-Entrances Exception No.4 Service-Entrances Exception No.5 Chapter 5 Disconnecting Means Supplemental Discussions and Considerations Chapter 6 Overcurrent Protection

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1 2 7 7 8 8 8 9 11 11 12 12 13 13 15 16 19

Chapter 7 Grounding and Bonding Supplemental Discussions and Considerations Chapter 8 High-Rise Building Installations

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ILLUSTRATIONS SECTION Figure 1 - Services Typical Services Single-Line Diagram Figure 2 - Readily Accessible Figure 3 - Service Figure 4 - Service Drop Figure SA - Service-Entrance Conductors Overhead (Service Drop to Concrete Pedestal) Figure SB - Service-Entrance Conductors Overhead (Service Drop to Building Wall) Figure 6A - Service-Entrance Conductors Underground (Metering at Property Line) Figure 6B - Service-Entrance Conductors Underground (Metering at Building Wall) Figure 7 - Service Equipment Figure 8 - Service Lateral Figure 9 - Service Point Figure 1OA - General Rule for Services Overhead Service from Utility Company Figure 1OB - General Rule for Services Underground Service from Utility Company

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28-29 30-31 32-33 34-35 36-37 38-39 40-41 42-43 44-45 46-47 48-49 50-51 52-53

Figure 11 - General Rule for Services Special Conditions Exception for Fire Pump Figure 12A - General Rule for Services Special Occupancies Exception No.1: Insufficient Space for All Occupants' Service Equipment in One Location Figure 12B - General Rule for Services Special Occupancies Exception No.2: Site Development ofLargeArea with Group of Single Detached Buildings Figure 12C - General Rule for Services Special Occupancies Exception No.2: Building or Structure of Large Area Figure 13 - General Rule for Services Different Characteristics Exception Figure 14A - Service-Entrance Conductors Connected to Overhead Service Conductors Figure 14B - Service-Entrance Conductors Installed Underground - Splices on Service Conductors Figure 15 Figure 16 - Service-Entrance Conductors Considered Outside a Building Figure 17A - General Rule for Service-Entrances Utility Company Overhead Distribution System Figure 17B - General Rule for Service-Entrances Utility Co. Underground Distribution System Figure 18 - General Rule for Service-Entrances Exception No. 1: Fire Pump Load Served

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60-61 62-63 64-65 66-67 68-69 70-71 72-73 74-75 76-77

Figure 19 - General Rule for Service-Entrances 78-79 Exception No. 3: Multiple Structures Served Figure 20 - General Rule for Service-Entrances 80-81 Exception No. 4: Common Area Service Figure 21A - Location of Disconnecting Means 82-83 Outside of a Building or Structure Figure 21B - Location of Disconnecting Means 84-85 Inside the Building - Access to Disconnecting Means Figure 22 86-87 Exception for Multiple-Occupancy Buildings 88-89 - Service Protective Device Figure 23 - Disconnecting Means and OverFigure 24 Current Protection in Separate Enclosures 90-91 Figure 25 - Grounding at Service Disc. Means Connecting Grounded Service and Grounding Electrode Conductors 92-93 - Grounding at Service Disc. Means Figure 26 Bonding Equipment Grounding and Grounded 94-95 Conductors - Electrode Grounding Conductor Figure 27 Connected to Equipment Grounding Conductor 96-97 Terminal Bar - Additional Grounding Connection Figure 28 98-99 Figure 29 - Occupants of Multi-Occupancy Building Service-Entrance Conductors 100-101 Figure 30 - Example of High-Rise Building 102-103 Single-Line Diagram

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SINGLE-LINE DIAGRAMS SECTION Single-Line Diagrams (Service Conductors) Service Conductors - Related Definitions Service Conductors Example - Figure SC-1 Service Conductors Example- Figure SC-2 Service Conductors Example- Figure SC-3 Service Conductors Example- Figure SC-4 Single-Line Diagrams (Service Arrangements) Understanding Service-Entrance Arrangements Service-Entrance Diagram Examples (OK or Violation) Figure 1 - Individual Service-Entrances Figure 2 - Individual Service-Entrances Figure 3 - Individual Service-Entrances Figure 4 - Individual Service-Entrances Figure 5 - Combined Service-Entrance Figure 6 - Combined Service-Entrance Figure 7 - Combined Service-Entrance Figure 8 - Combined Service-Entrance Figure 9 - Combined Service-Entrance Figure 10 - Combined Service-Entrance (w/Main) Figure 11 - Combination Service-Entrances Figure 12 - Combination Service-Entrances Figure 13 - Combined Service-Entrance Figure 14 - Individual Service-Entrances Figure 15A- Apartment Row Building Diagram XV

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125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139

Figure 15B - Apartment Row Single-Line Diagram - Individual Service-Entrances Figure 16

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CHAPTER! INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVE How many services from the electric utility are permitted by the Philippine Electrical Code- Part I, 2017 Edition (PECI 2017 or simply the Code) to provide power to a building? How many service-entrances are pe1mitted at each service? Where should service disconnecting means be located? Is the arrangement of service-entrance and service equipment being considered permitted by the Code? Often enough, these questions arise when planning and designing an electrical installation. This book, Guide for the Design and Installation of Services, is intended to address these and similar questions. This book, however, does not delve on each section of the PEC I 2017 as done in handbooks, but instead, scrutinizes the relevant and significant sections which answer these questions and acts as a guide for the planning, design, installation and inspection of services, service-entrances and service equipment. The reader should always refer back to PECI 2017 to ensure full compliance with its requirements. To help the reader better visualize the concepts presented from the discussions, sample illustrations are included. This book covers single-family and two-family dwellings, and multiple-occupancy buildings- both low-rise and high-rise, as well as site developments with group of single detached buildings. However, the sample arrangements of services and service-entrances and their service equipment will certainly not cover all possibilities. If arrangements other than the examples shown are being considered and there is a need for validation, queries can be addressed to the IIEE PEC 1 Committee.

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The book, Guide for the Design and Instaiiation of Services, is organized into three (3) sections- a book text section, an iiiustrations section and a single-line diagrams section. The iiiustrations relevant to the book text are indicated by a superscript number which refers to the figure number in the iiiustrations section. Illustrations wiii have captions that describes the iiiustration and may include explanatory and/or clarificatory comments. References to Articles, Parts and Sections in parenthesis or brackets are taken from PEC 1 20 I 7. Additionaiiy, since this guide is updated from the PEC I 2009 to PECl 2017 version, annotations for the changes are presented in boxed text. The discussions in this book cover services 1,000 volts or less.

DEFINITIONS (from PECl 2017) 1. Accessible (as applied to equipment) - Admitting close

approach; not guarded by locked doors, elevation, or other effective means. 2. Accessible, Readily (Readily Accessible)2 - Capable of being reached quickly for operation, renewal, or inspections without requiring those to whom ready access is requisite to take actions such as to use tools (other than keys), to climb over or under, to remove obstacles or to resmi to portable ladders, and so forth. It is clearly stated in this definition that keys are not considered

tools. Hence, a door or equipment enclosure that is keyed lock is ruled readily accessible. 3. Building. A structure that stands alone or that is separated from adjoining structures by fire wails.

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4. Building Official/EE, Office of the. A licensed electrical practitioner employed in the Office of the Building Official responsible for overseeing electrical installations and equipment for compliance to provisions of the Philippine Electrical Code, Part I (PEC I), and for the approval of electrical permits and certificates issuances. Also referred to as OBO/EE in this Code. This definition is added with the deletion of the Authority-HavingJurisdiction or AHJ. The PEC! Committee in agreement with the Professional Regulation Commission and Board of Electrical Engineering (PRC-BEE) decided to delete the AHJ as the term is too broad. It has been detennined that the Code's interpretation is too important to just give the AHJ such a role. However, the responsibility for enforcement of the Code and issuance of electrical permits remains with the Office of the Building Officiai!EE (OBO/ Em, hence the new definition. 5. Conductors Considered Outside the Building (from PEC 1 2017 Section 2.30.1.6) - Conductors shall be considered outside of a building or other structure under any of the following conditions: (1) Where installed under not less than 50 mm of concrete beneath a building or other structure (2) Where installed within a building or other structure in a raceway that is encased in concrete or brick not less than 50 mm thick (3) Where installed in any vault that meets the construction requirements of Article 4.50.3 ofPECl 2017 (4) Where installed in conduit and under not less than 450 mm of earth beneath a building or other structure (5) Where installed within rigid metal conduit (Type RMC) or intermediate metal conduit (Type IMC) used to accommodate the clearance requirements in 2.30.2.3 and routed directly through an eave but not a wall of a building. 3

6. Disconnecting Means - A device, or group of devices, or other means by which the conductors of a circuit can be disconnected from their source of supply. 7. Premises Wiring (System) - Interior and exterior wiring, including power, lighting, control, and signal circuit wiring together with all their associated hardware, fittings, and wiring devices, both permanently and temporarily installed, that extends from the service point or source of power, such as a batery, a solar photovoltaic system, or a generator, transformer, or converter windings, to the outlet(s). Such wiring does not include wiring internal to appliances, luminaires (fixtures), motors, controllers, motor control centers, and similar equipment. 8. Service' - The conductors and equipment for delivering electric energy from the serving utility to the wiring system of the premises served. 9. Service Conductors - The conductors from the service point to the service disconnecting means. I 0. Service Conductors, Overhead- The overhead conductors between the service point and the first point of connection to the service-entrance conductors at the building or other structure. (Refer to Single-Line Diagrams SC-1 to SC-4.) The addition of this definition and its underground counterpart is to identify situations where it is necessary to change wiring methods in the service conductors between the service point and the service-entrance conductors. See examples of these in the diagrams referred to. Part 2.30.2 (for overhead conductors) and Part 2.30.3 (for underground conductors) cover the materials and installation requirements for these conductors.

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11. Service Conductors, Underground. The underground conductors between the service point and the first point of connection to the service-entrance conductors in a terminal box, meter, or other enclosure, inside or outside the building wall. 12. Service Drop4 - The overhead conductors between the utility electric supply system and the service point. 13. Service-Entrance Conductors, Overhead System'MB - The service conductors between the terminals of the service equipment and a point usually outside the building, clear of building walls, where joined by tap or splice to the service drop or overhead service conductors. The PEC 1 2009 definition connects the service-entrance conductors to the service drop (for utility overhead systems) or service lateral (for utility underground systems). With the addition ofthe definitions for overheadservice conductors and underground service conductors, the definitions for service-entrance conductors likewise changed. 14. Service-Entrance Conductors, Underground System6N 6"The service conductors between the terminals of the service equipment and the point of connection to the service lateral or underground service conductors. 15. Service Equipment' - The necessary equipment, usually consisting of a circuit breaker(s) or switch(es) and fuse(s) and their accessories, connected to the load end of service conductors to a building or other structure, or an otherwise designated area, and intended to constitute the main control and cutoff of the supply. 16. Service Lateral' - The underground conductors between the utility electric supply system and the service point. 17. Service Point9 - The point of connection between the facilities of the serving utility and the premises wiring.

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CHAPTER2 NUMBER OF SERVICES TO A BUILDING The general rule for services as conveyed in PEC 1 201 7 Section 2.30.1.2 is: One service to one building or structure or a site development with group of single detached building. 10NloB When reading and understanding the Code requirements on Services, it is very important to differentiate the terms used - whether reference is being made to a building or an occupant unit in a multiple-occupancy building. As in most rules, there are exceptions to the rule. These exceptions [Sections 2.30.1.2 (A) to (D)] when more than one service to a building is allowed are grouped under: (A) Special Conditions (B) Special Occupancies (C) Capacity Requirements (D) Different Characteristics (of service- voltages, frequencies, phases, power rates) Included in each group of exceptions are the following: (A) Special Conditions (1.) Fire pumps 11 (2.) Emergency systems (3.) Legally required standby systems (4.) Optional standby systems (5.) Parallel power production systems (6.) Systems designed for connection to multiple sources of supply for the purpose of enhanced reliability (Note: The separate service(s) permitted under exceptions for Special Conditions are intended to increase the reliability of the power supply to the enumerated systems and loads should an outage occur at the building's normal power supply.) 7

(B.) Special Occupancies (1) Multiple-occupancy buildings or site developments with group of single detached buildings where there is no available space for service equipment accessible to all occupants The word "accessible" is important here as there may be "available space" but not "accessible" due to, for example, security concerns. (2) A single building or other structure or a site development with group of single detached buildings sufficiently large to make two or more services necessary

A site development with group of single detached buildings has been added to multiple-occupancy building to address such installations. (C) Capacity Requirements (1) Where the capacity requirements are in excess of2,000 amperes at a supply voltage of I ,000 volts or less (2) Where the load requirements of a single-phase installation are greater than the serving agency normally supplies through one service (D) Different Characteristics Additional services shall be permitted for different voltages, frequencies, or phases, or for different uses, such as for different rate schedules. 13

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CHAPTER3 INSTALLATION METHODS

What are some notable installation methods under PECl 2017 chapter on Services to keep in mind? Service conductors can be installed overhead 14A (Part 2.30.2) or underground (Part 2.30.3) and connected to the service-entrance conductors set. For overhead service conductors, clearances in accordance to Section 2.30.1.9 and Sections 2.30.2.3(A) to (E) when these conductors are installed over roofs, roadways, sidewalks, driveways and other areas accessible to people and vehicles. Similarly, underground service conductors shall meet different burial depth requirements (see Section 3.0.1.5) depending on ground usage - such as roadways and grounds accessible to people only - under which the conductors are installed. Splices 15 and taps are allowed on the service conductors to allow for possible splices due to changes in wiring methods over the length of the service conductors, or the tapping of equipment on the supply side of service disconnecting means as permitted under Section 2.30.6.13. Conditions (Section 2.30.1.6) that qualify serviceentrance conductors as being outside a building 16 are as follows: ( 1) Where installed under not less than 50 mm of concrete beneath a building or other structure (2) Where installed within a building or other structure in a raceway that is encased in concrete or brick not less than 50 mm thick

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(3) Where installed in any vault that meets the construction requirements of Article 4.50.3 ofPECI 2017 (4) Where installed in conduit and under not less than 450 mm of earth beneath a building or other structure (5) Where installed within rigid metal conduit (Type RMC) or intermediate metal conduit (Type IMC) used to accommodate the clearance requirements in 2.30.2.3 and routed directly through an eave but not a wall of a building

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CHAPTER4 SERVICE-ENTRANCES

Section 2.30.4.1 of the Code says: "Each service drop, set of overhead service conductors, set of underground service conductors, or service lateral shall supply only one set of service- entrance conductors." The mle, therefore, is: One service drop, set of overhead service conductors, set of underground service conductors or lateral (for brevity, is refen·ed to in this chapter's discussions as "power source") connected to one set of service-entrance conductors."N 178 Again, there are exceptions to this mle where more than one set of service entrance conductors are permitted to be connected to one power source as described above. These exceptions from PEC 1 2017 Section 2.30.4.1 are: Note the addition of overhead service conductors and underground service conductors as connection points of service-entrance conductors set. "Exception No. 1: 18 A building with more than one occupancy or a site development with group of single detached buildings shall be permitted to have one set of service-entrance conductors for each service, as defined in 2.30.1.2, run to each occupancy or each group of occupancies. Service-entrance sets serving a group of occupancies shall be permitted only if owned and managed by one person or entity or under single management. If the number .... " Note the addition of site development with group of single detached buildin s. Exception No. 1 allows additional sets of service-entrance conductors mn to each occupancy or group of occupancies to serve the exceptions described under Section 2.30.1.2 connected to one power source. These are exceptions are: (a) Special Conditions, (b) Special Occupancies, (c) Capacity Requirements and (d) Different Characteristics.

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Note the condition" .... if owned and managed by one person or entity or under single management. ... ". This requires a full-time manager retained by the owner or tenant association (e.g. condominium corporation) of the building or property. To effectively manage, a maintenance staff- including an electrician - should be employed. "Exception No. 2: Where two to six service disconnecting means in separate enclosures are grouped adjacent to each other at one location and supply separate loads from one service drop, set of overhead service conductors, set ofunderground service conductors, or service lateral, one set of service-entrance conductors shall be permitted to supply each or several such service equipment enclosures. "

Note the phrase used is "separate loads", not separate occupants or buildings. The word "load" is used to include service disconnecting means serving other loads such as electrical equipment (e.g. ventilation fans, irrigation pumps) aside from normal occupant loads. As in Exception No. 1, a full-time manager must be retained by the owner or tenant association if service-entrance sets serving a group of occupancies are used and multiple-occupants are served. Exception No. 2 is not limited to multiple-occupancy buildings or site developments but also applicable to single-occupancy buildings, though rarely possible due to utility metering constraints. "Exception No. 3: 19 A one-family dwelling unit and its accessory

structures shall be permitted to have one set of service-entrance conductors run to each from a single service drop, set of overhead service conductors, set of underground service conductors, or service lateral. " Exception No. 3 permits more than one (1) service-entrances served from one power source. This exception makes it possible 12

for a single-family dwelling with separate (detached) auxiliary building(s) - such as a garage and/or pump house - to each have one ( 1) set of service-entrance conductors run to the main house and other set( s) of service-entrance conductors run to the auxiliary building(s). This arrangement is common in rural dwellings such as occurs in fmms. "Exception No. 4: 20 Two-family dwellings, multifamily dwellings, multiple occupancy buildings and a site development with group of single detached buildings shall be permitted to have one set of service-entrance conductors installed to supply the circuits covered in 2.10.2.8."

Exception No. 4 permits two-family and multi-family dwellings wherein there are common areas (e.g. lobbies, and stairs) to have these common areas provided with its dedicated service-entrance conductors connected to the power source. "Exception No. 5: One set of service-entrance conductors connected to the supply side of the normal service disconnecting means shall be permitted to supply each or several systems covered by 2.30.6.13(5)* or 2.30.6.13(6)."

Exception No.5 allows extra sets of service-entrance conductors for load management equipment and alternate power systems connected to the same power source supplying power to the building. The load management equipment and alternate power systems should be for the same building. *Erratum: Section 2.30.6.13(5) is misprinted as Section 2.30.3.13(5) in PECl 2017 (First and Second Printing).

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CHAPTERS DISCONNECTING MEANS PEC1 2017 defines Service Equipment as a circuit breaker(s) or switch(es) with fuse(s) connected to the load end of service conductors serving as the main control and cut-off of the (electricity) supply. Its primary function is to shut off power to a building or occupant unit in case of emergency situations - caused by fires, earthquakes or other calamities - to allow emergency personnel to work in an environment free from the dangers of electrocution or ignition of flammable materials, vapors and liquids. As the service equipment is located at the load end of service-entrance conductors*, its secondary function is to afford some measure of overcurrent protection for the service conductors (see related discussions under "Supplemental Discussions and Considerations" at the end of this chapter). The Disconnecting Means is the first of the two components of service equipment. *Note service-entrance conductors set is part of the service conductors.

Section 2.30.6.1 of PEC1 2017 states: "Means shall be provided to disconnect all conductors in a building or other structure from the service-entrance conductors." This disconnecting means is provided to simultaneously cut off power to all ungrounded service-entrance conductors when the need arises. The disconnecting means is also referred to as the service disconnecting means. The service disconnecting means shall be located: (1) Where it is readily accessible location (2) At the outside of the building or structure or inside nearest the point where the service-entrance conductors enter the building. 21 AI218 15

The major change is the deletion of the restriction for locating the service disconnecting means at "the outside wall of the building". It is now permitted for it to be located anywhere on the outside of the building served. This change allows the service disconnecting means to be located at the property line of fenced-off buildings, as an examnle. Although the Code does not define the term "nearest", it is taken to be in the immediate vicinity of where the service-entrance conductors enter the building. Remember at this point the earlier discussions on what conditions define conductors to be considered as outside the building. Accessibility (not the same as readily accessible) of each building unit occupant to his/her service disconnecting means is required except in the case of multiple-occupancy buildings under one management where it is permitted for the service disconnecting means to be accessible to authorized management personnel only. The major discussion point under this chapter is the stipulation on the maximum number of service disconnecting means grouped in one location. The general mle is a maximum of six (6) service disconnecting means can be installed grouped adjacent to each other in one location - without the need of a main service disconnecting means ahead of these. If there are more than six (6) service disconnecting means grouped adjacent to each other in one location, a main service disconnecting means shall be installed ahead of the multiple feeder disconnecting means serving downstream loads. [Section 2.30.6.2(A)]

Supplemental Discussions and Considerations: Service conductors are not protected at the point of tap to the utility company's supply or service point. The load end of these conductors terminates at the service equipment. While the likelihood of overloading the service conductors is highly unlikely (unless illegal taps are connected to these conductors), the possibility of short 16

circuit faults is real specially for overhead service conductors and underground service conductors which are not adequately protected against physical damage. Unlike the practice in the United States where the service point is at the building wall and connected directly to the service- entrance conductors, in the Philippines, specially in the Metro Manila area, the service point is, more often than not, located at a concrete pedestal at the property line/fence for utility metering access reason. This usually means a long run of service conductors, thereby, increasing the risk of damage to any exposed or unprotected conductors that may result in short circuit faults. Evaluating the risks (including long term risks) and their impact on service interruptions, the decision can be made by the electrical practitioner or required by the utility company whether a service protective device23 - as stated in PEC 1 2017 Section 2.30.6.13(10)- is required or not. There are already instances where the utility company requires this service protective device installed immediately after the metering equipment. Another point worthy of consideration is a case where two to six service disconnecting means are served by service-entrance conductors set(s) in a multiple-occupancy building or a site development with a group of single detached buildings as pennitted by Section 2.30.4.1, Exception Nos. 1 and 2, and Section 2.30.6.2(A). The basic service-entrance conductors set and service equipment anangement is when the service-entrance conductors set is terminated at the supply side of (one) service equipment at the service disconnecting means. When the service-entrance conductors set have two to six service disconnecting means connected to it grouped together in one location as permitted by the Code sections cited, the several disconnecting means take the place of the single service disconnecting means in the basic anangement described above. The tap conductors to the disconnecting means shall be kept as short as possible to the tapping point as a longer length will create conductors without overcunent protection. Section 2.30.7.1, Exception No.3 reinforces the short tap conductors requirement (for more information on this, refer to "Understanding Service-Entrance Auangements" in the third section of this book. 17

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CHAPTER6 OVERCURRENTPROTECTION Overcurrent Protection is the second component of service equipment- disconnecting means being the first. As mentioned earlier in the chapter on Disconnecting Means, its function is to afford some measure of overcurrent protection for all ungrounded service conductors (i.e. overload protection). Overcurrent protection is provided either by a set of fuses or a circuit breaker. When fuses are used, these may be mounted in an integral enclosure with the disconnecting means or in a separate enclosure - independent of the disconnecting means but immediately after and adjacent to it. 24 Where a circuit breaker is used as both the disconnecting means and overcurrent protection, it shall not disconnect the grounded conductor, if any, unless the grounded conductor is simultaneously disconnected together with all the ungrounded conductors. Under this chapter, it is worth repeating the requirements of Section 2.30.7.1, Exception No. 3 and Section 2.30.7.3 of PEC1 201 7 as follows: "2.30.7.1 Where Required. Each ungrounded servtce conductor shall have overload protection." (A) Ungrounded Conductor. Such protection shall be provided by an overcurrent device in series with each ungrounded service conductor that has a rating or setting not higher than the allowable ampacity of the conductor. A set of fuses shall be considered all the fuses required to protect all the ungrounded conductors of a circuit. Single-pole circuit breakers, grouped in accordance with 2.30.6.2(B), shall be considered as one protective device.

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Exception No. 3: Two to six circuit breakers or sets offuses shall be permitted as the overcurrent device to provide the overload protection. The sum of the ratings of the circuit breakers or fuses shall be permitted to exceed the ampacity of the service conductors, provided the calculated load does not exceed the ampacity of the service conductors. " Note: This Section 2.30.7.1 is referred to for the short tap conductors requirement in the Supplemental Discussions and Considerations at the end of Chapter 5 - when two to six disconnecting means are tapped from a service-entrance conductors set. "2.30. 7.3 Locked Service Overcurrent Devices. Where the service overcurrent devices are locked or sealed or are not readily accessible to the occupant, branch-circuit or feeder overcun·ent devices shall be installed on the load side, shall be mounted in a readily accessible location, and shall be of lower ampere rating than the service overcurrent device."

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CHAPTER 7 GROUNDING AND BONDING

This chapter's information and discussions on Grounding and Bonding address the salient points on the requirements for Services. The Code (Section 2.50.2.1) requires the following alternatingcmTent systems to be grounded: (A) Alternating-current systems of less than 50 volts (B) Alternating-current systems of 50 volts to 1,000 volts (C) Alternating-current systems of over I ,000 volts (D) Impedance grounded neutral systems Discussions are focused to Section 2.50.2.1 (B) as services to buildings and structures covered by this book are within the stated voltage range. Alternating current systems of 50 volts to I ,000 volts that supply premises wiring or premises wiring systems shall be grounded under the following conditions: (I) Where the system can be grounded so that the maximum voltage to ground on the ungrounded conductors does not exceed 250 volts (2) Where the system is 3-phase, 4-wire, wye connected in which the neutral is used as a circuit conductor (3.) Where the system is 3-phase, 4-wire, delta connected in which the midpoint of one phase winding is used as a circuit conductor

PECI 2017 Section 2.50.2.5 Grounding Service-Supplied Altemating-Current Systems PECl 2017 Section 2.50.2.5 Grounding Service-Supplied Alternating-Current Systems contains the following requirements which are relevant to the discussions in this book for a grounded alternating -current system: 21

(1) A premises wiring system supplied by a grounded ac service shall have a grounding electrode conductor connected to the grounded service conductor, at each service. (2) Where an alternating-current system is grounded at any point, the grounded conductor shall be routed with the ungrounded conductors to the service disconnecting means and connected to the grounded conductor(s) terminal or bus, and bonded to the disconnecting means enclosure. (3) Where a premises wiring system is supplied by a grounded alternating-current service, a grounding electrode conductor which connects to the grounding electrode shall be provided and connected to the grounded service conductor at the supply side of the service disconnecting means. This connection shall be made at the same point where the system bonding jumper is installed. The connection is usually made at the service disconnecting means 25 where the grounded service conductor is accessible.

The reasons for connecting the grounded conductor to the grounding electrode conductor are to (I) limit the voltage to ground due to lightning, switching surges and accidental high voltage crossovers, and (2) stabilize the voltage from line to ground during normal electrical system operation. The grounding electrode conductor connects (I) the equipment grounding conductors and the service equipment enclosure(s), and other non-current carrying metallic enclosures and raceways bonded to them, and (2) the grounded service conductor of a grounded supply source, to the grounding electrode. In case of a ground fault, the grounding electrode conductor connected to the groundin electrode in this manner limits the voltage between a grounded surface (e.g. service disconnecting means enclosure, exposed metallic enclosures, etc.) and ground to a value deemed safe to personnel who may accidentally touch a grounded surface.

22

Also, for a grounded supply system, bonding the equipment grounding conductors and service equipment enclosure to the grounded conductor ensures a low resistance path for ground-fault currents back to the supply source in order to operate protective devices. (4) Within the service disconnecting means, an unspliced main bonding jumper is required to connect the equipment grounding conductors to the grounded service/system conductor which, in turn, is bonded to the service disconnecting means enclosure. Where terminal bars are provided, the main bonding jumper connects the te1minal bar of the grounded conductors (i.e. grounded service/system conductors and load circuits/feeders grounded conductors) and the terminal bar of the equipment grounding conductors. 27 (5) The electrode grounding conductor can be tapped to the equipment grounding conductors terminal bar instead of the grounded conductors bus barY (6) Where the transformer supplying power to the service is located outside the building served, an additional grounding connection28 shall be made from the grounded service conductor to a grounding electrode, either at the transformer or elsewhere outside the building. For a utility-supplied transformer, this additional grounding connection is provided by them. Supplemental Discussions and Considerations: "Section 2.50.2.2 Alternating-Current Systems of 50 Volts to 1,000 Volts Not Required to Be Grounded" should not be overlooked as some alternating current wiring systems are not required to be grounded. Section 2.50.2.2(A) lists wiring systems that are permitted to be grounded. Additionally, Section 2.50.2.2(B) lists the conditions under which Ground Detectors are not required to be grounded while Section 2.50.2.2(C) specifies the Marking requirements for ungrounded wiring systems. 23

THIS

24

CHAPTERS HIGH-RISE BUILDING INSTALLATIONS How does one define a high-rise building? What is a determining height beyond which a building is considered high-rise? The Life Safety Code (NFPA 101) of the United States considers a building over twenty three (23) meters in height as high-rise requiring special fire safety features. In the case of discussions in this book, the NFPA 101 guideline does not apply since NFPA's concern is on life safety while ours is on application ofPEC1 on services. Twenty three meters building height translate to a six or seven story building. A high-rise building, in this book's discussions, is a multi-story structure with multiple occupancies where the Code requirements on services to occupants cannot be satisfied due to location constraints of electrical rooms and occupant units layout. Occupants oflower height buildings (low-rise) oftwo to four stories can still be served by serviceentrance conductors and service equipment that meet the Code's requirements for services. 29 1t is for this reason this book treats highrise buildings separately from the discussions in the previous chapters. The basic difference between unit occupants in high-rise and low-rise multiple-occupancy buildings is that a high-rise building's occupants cannot have service-entrances run to the individual occupant units while a properly planned low-rise building can. As such, the service in a high-rise multiple-occupancy building is designed the same as any building with a single occupant. 30 What this means is the design for service-entrance conductors and service equipment to the building is simply from the service point of the utility's high or medium voltage conductors to the high or medium voltage switchgear in case of primary metering, and from the utility's transformer terminating at the low voltage service equipment. All wiring design after the service is considered as feeders or branch circuits. The power supply to the individual occupant unit is designed as a feeder.

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ILLUSTRATIONS

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UTILITY COMPANY OVERHEAD DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

UTILIY COMPANY UNDERGROUND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

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UTILIY COMPANY SERVICE MANHOLE

SERVICE DROP CONDUCTORS

SERVICE LATERAL

SERVICE POINT

SERVICE POINT

UTILI1Y COMPANY METERING EQUIPMENT

UTILITY COMPANY METERING EQUIPMENT

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SERVICE PROTECTIVE DEVICE (WHEN REQUIRED) [SECTION 2.30.6.13 (10))

SERVICE PROTECTIVE DEVICE (WHEN REQUIRED) [SECTION 2.30.6.13 (10)) OH SERVICE CONDUCTOR (WHEN USED) [PART 2:30.2]

UG SERVJCE CONDUCTOR (WHEN USED) [PART 2:30.3)

SERVICE-ENTRANCE CONDUCTORS [PART2.30.4)

SERVICE EQUIPMENT DISCONNECTJNG MEANS [PART 2.30.6)

SERVICE-ENTRANCE CONDUCTORS [PART 2.30.4)

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SERVICE EQUIPMENT OVERCURRENT PROTECTION [PART 2.30.7]

SERVICE EQUIPMENT DISCONNECTING MEANS [PART 2.30.6) SERVICE EQUIPMENT OVERCURRENT PROTECTION [PART2.30.7]

GROUNDING AND BONDING [ARTlCLE 2.50)

GROUNDING AND BONDING [PART2.50)

BRANCH CIRCUIT CONDUCTORS AND FEEDERS

BRANCH CIRCUIT CONDUCTORS AND FEEDERS

FIGURE 1 SERVICES {TYPICAL SERVICES SINGLE-LINE DIAGRAM}

28

Note: The diagram shows a typical services single-line diagram for overhead and underground utility company distribution systems.

29

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3. In the definition ofReadily Accessible, keys are not considered tools. Therefore, a door or equipment enclosure that is keyed locked is ruled readily accessible.

2. The boxes in the lower left comer of the figure are to emphasize the condition in the definition that no obstructions should prevent ready access to electrical equipment.

Notes: 1. Although the electrical equipment above the elevated platform cannot be reached from the floor level, the ladder rungs fixed to the wall permits ready access to the equipment without resorting to the use of portable ladders, thereby, meeting the condition in the definition.

Definition: Accessible, Readily (Readily Accessible) - Capable of being reached quickly for operation, renewal, or inspections without requiring those to whom ready access is requisite to take actions such as to use tools (other than keys), to climb over or under, to climb over or remove obstacles or to resort to portable ladders, and so forth.

FIGURE2 READILY ACCESSIBLE

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METERING EQUIPMENT

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2. The illustration shows a "mast" type service drop attachment where the service drop is attached to the service-entrance conductors' rigid metal conduit (RMC) serving like a ship's mast. (Section 2.30.2.8)

Notes: 1. The extent of a Service includes the utility company's transformer, the secondary line conductors and the service drop or service lateral.

Definition: Service - The conductors and equipment for delivering electric energy from the serving utility to the wiring system of the premises served.

FIGURE3 SERVICE

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2. The illustration shows the Service Drop tapped from the utility company's aerial support.

Notes: 1. The PEC 1 2009 definition of Service Drop has changed due to the addition of the Overhead Service Conductors in the PEC 1 20 17.

Definition: Service Drop - The overhead conductors between the utility electric supply system and the service point.

FIGURE4 SERVICE DROP

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3. The illustration shows an installation where the service drop is attached to a concrete pedestal provided at the property line. This method is widely applied in the service area of Meralco to facilitate access to its metering equipment. Other pole material can be used in lieu of the concrete pedestal. An example is a treated wooden pole.

2. The definition refers to installations where the service-entrance conductors are served from the utility company's overhead distribution system spliced to the service drop or overhead service conductors.

the PECl 2017.

1. The PECl 2009 definition has changed due to the addition of the Overhead Service Conductors in

Notes:

Definition: Service-Entrance Conductors, Overhead System - The service conductors between the terminals of the service equipment and a point usually outside the building, clear of building walls, where joined by tap or splice to the service drop or overhead service conductors.

FIGURE SA SERVICE-ENTRANCE CONDUCTORS, OVERHEAD SYSTEM (OVERHEAD SERVICE DROP SUPPORTED AT A CONCRETE PEDESTAL)

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3. The illustration shows an installation where the service drop is attached to the wall of the building served. This method can be applied by a utility company where the premises served has no fence or other means restricting access to its metering equipment.

2. The definition refers to installations where the service-entrance conductors are served from the utility company's overhead distribution system spliced to the service drop.

Notes: 1. The PEC 1 2009 definition has changed due to the addition of the Overhead Service Conductors in the PEC1 2017.

Definition: Service-Entrance Conductors, Overhead System- The service conductors between the terminals of the service equipment and a point usually outside the building, clear of building walls, where joined by tap or splice to the service drop or overhead service conductors.

FIGURE5B SERVICE-ENTRANCE CONDUCTORS, OVERHEAD SYSTEM (OVERHEAD SERVICE DROP SUPPORTED AT WALL OF BUILDING)

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4. Where the utility company's service lateral terminates directly at the service equipment (disconnecting means) of the premises served, there are no service-entrance conductors.

3. The illustration shows an installation where the utility company's metering equipment is located at the property line of the premises served. This method can be applied by a utility company where the premises served is fenced off or has other means restricting access to its metering equipment.

2. The definition refers to installations where the service-entrance conductors are served from the utility company's underground distribution system spliced to the service lateral or underground service conductors.

Notes: 1. The PECl 2009 definition has changed due to the addition of the Underground Service Conductors in the PECl 2017.

Definition: Service-Entrance Conductors, Underground System- The service conductors between the terminals of the service equipment and the point of connection to the service lateral or underground service conductors.

FIGURE6A SERVICE-ENTRANCE CONDUCTORS, UNDERGROUND SYSTEM (METERING EQUIPMENT AT PROPERTY LINE)

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4. Where the utility company's service lateral terminates directly at the service equipment (disconnecting means) of the premises served, there are no service-entrance conductors.

3. The illustration shows an installation where the utility company's metering equipment is located at the wall of the building served. This method can be applied by a utility company where the premises served has no fence or other means restricting access to its metering equipment.

2. The definition refers to installations where the service-entrance conductors are served from the utility company's underground distribution system spliced to the service lateral or underground service conductors.

Notes: 1. The PECl 2009 definition has changed due to the addition of the Underground Service Conductors in the PEC 2017.

Definition: Service-Entrance Conductors, Underground System- The service conductors between the terminals of the service equipment and the point of connection to the service lateral or underground service conductors.

FIGURE6B SERVICE-ENTRANCE CONDUCTORS, UNDERGROUND SYSTEM (METERING EQUIPMENT AT WALL OF BUILDING SERVED)

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3. The disconnecting means shall be installed in a readily accessible location either (Section 2.30.6.l(A) (1): a. At the outside of the building or structure b. Inside the building nearest the point of entry of the service-entrance conductors to the building

2. The disconnecting means and the overcurrent protection can be in one enclosure or in separate enclosures. Where these are in separate enclosures, these must be located immediately adjacent to each other.

Notes: 1. Service Equipment has two components: a. Disconnecting Means (Part 2.30.6) b. Overcurrent Protection (Part 2.30.7)

Definition: Service Equipment- The necessary equipment, usually consisting of a circuit breaker(s) or switch(es) and fuse(s) and their accessories, connected to the load end of service conductors to a building or other structure, or an otherwise designated area, and intended to constitute the main control and cut-off of the supply.

FIGURE7 SERVICE EQUIPMENT

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3. The utility company's service lateral can, at their option, terminate directly at the service equipment (disconnecting means) of the premises served. In such a case, there are no service-entrance conductors.

2. The illustration shows the Service Lateral tapped from the utility company's underground secondary distribution system.

Notes: 1. The PECI 2009 definition of Service Lateral has changed due to the addition of the Underground Service Conductors in the PECI 2017.

Definition: Service Lateral - The underground conductors between the utility electric supply system and the service point.

FIGURES SERVICE LATERAL

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Note: The Service Point in a utility company's underground secondary distribution system, there can be instances where the service lateral is connected directly to the terminals of the service equipment (disconnecting means). This is at the option of the utility company. As a result, the Service Point is at the service equipment's terminals.

Definition: Service Point - The point of connection between the facilities ofthe serving utility and the premises wiring.

FIGURE9 SERVICE POINT

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2. Simply stated, the General Rule is: One service to one building or other structure or a site development with group of single detached buildings.

Notes: 1. Article 2.30 - Services Section 2.30.1.2 Number of Services. A building or other structure or a site development with group of single detached buildings served shall be supplied by only one service unless permitted in 2.30.1.2(A) through (D).

FIGURE lOA GENERAL RULE FOR SERVICES "ONE SERVICE TO ONE BUILDING OR STRUCTURE OR SITE DEVELOPMENT WITH GROUP OF SINGLE DETACHED BUILDINGS" (UTILITY COMPANY OVERHEAD DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM)

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2. Simply stated, the General Rule is: One service to one building or other structure or a site development with group of single detached buildings.

Notes: 1. Article 2.30 - Services Section 2.30.1.2 Number of Services. A building or other structure or a site development with group of single detached buildings served shall be supplied by only one service unless permitted in 2.30.1.2(A) through (D).

FIGURE lOB GENERAL RULE FOR SERVICES "ONE SERVICE TO ONE BillLDING OR STRUCTURE OR SITE DEVELOPMENT WITH GROUP OF SINGLE DETACHED BUILDINGS" (UTILITY COMPANY UNDERGROUND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM)

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4. The illustration shown is for an installation with the service drop attached to the building. In the case of the service drop attached to a concrete pedestal, the illustration is similar except for the serviceentrance conductors which would run out to the pedestal location.

3. To improve power supply reliability, it is advisable to locate the additional service permitted under Special Conditions some distance from the service of the normal power supply.

2. The separate service(s) permitted under exceptions for Service Conditions are intended to increase the reliability of the power supply to the listed systems and loads should an outage occur at the building's normal power supply.

Notes: 1. Article 2.30 - Services Section 2.30.1.2(A)(l) Fire Pumps

FIGURE 11 EXCEPTION TO GENERAL RULE FOR SERVICES "ONE SERVICE TO ONE BUILDING OR STRUCTURE OR SITE DEVELOPMENT WITH GROUP OF SINGLE DETACHED BUILDINGS, (SPECIAL CONDITION EXCEPTION NO. 1 FOR FIRE PUMP)

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Notes: 1. Article 2.30 - Services Section 2.30.1.2(B)(1) Special Occupancies Exception No. 1 - Multiple-occupancy buildings or site developments with group of single detached buildings where there is no available space for service equipment accessible to all occupants. 2. This illustration shows a building with two (2) services and individual service-entrance conductors sets that connect directly to the service points running directly to the respective service equipment; and where a maximum of six (6) service disconnecting means are permitted grouped adjacent to each other in one location. 3. The exception permitted under Special Occupancies consider the possibility of existing buildings expanding their floor areas when necessary - such as for malls and industrial plants. Also, in view of the evergrowing floor area requirement of new buildings, it becomes impractical to have only one service to these buildings resulting in having long runs of conductors. 4. The additional service permitted by this exception does not specify a distance separation from each other. It can be one meter apart or on opposite sides of the building.

FIGURE 12A EXCEPTION TO GENERAL RULE FOR SERVICES "ONE SERVICE TO ONE BUILDING OR STRUCTURE OR SITE DEVELOPMENT WITH GROUP OF SINGLE DETACHED BUILDINGS" (SPECIAL OCCUPANCIES EXCEPTION NO.1- NO AVAILABLE SPACE FOR SERVICE EQUIPMENT ACCESSIBLE TO ALL OCCUPANTS)

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Notes: 1. Article 2.30 - Services Section 2.30.1.2(B)(2) Special Occupancies Exception No.2- A single building or other structure or a site development with group of single detached buildings sufficiently large to make two or more services necessary. 2. This illustration shows two (2) services with service-entrance conductors sets that running to each building in a site development of sufficiently large area.

FIGURE 12B EXCEPTION TO GENERAL RULE FOR SERVICES "ONE SERVICE TO ONE BUILDING OR STRUCTURE OR SITE DEVELOPMENT WITH GROUP OF SINGLE DETACHED BUILDINGS" (SPECIAL OCCUPANCIES EXCEPTION NO.2- MORE THAN ONE SERVICE TO A SITE DEVELOPMENT OF SUFFICIENTLY LARGE AREA WITH GROUP OF SINGLE DETACHED BUILDINGS)

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3. The exception also considers the possibility of existing buildings expanding their floor areas when necessary - such as for malls and industrial plants.

2. This illustration shows two (2) services permitted to a buiding of sufficiently large area.

Notes: 1. Article 2.30 - Services Section 2.30.1.2(B)(2) Special Occupancies Exception No. 2- A single building or other structure or a site development with group of single detached buildings sufficiently large to make two or more services necessary.

FIGURE 12C EXCEPTION TO GENERAL RULE FOR SERVICES "ONE SERVICE TO ONE BUILDING OR STRUCTURE OR SITE DEVELOPMENT WITH GROUP OF SINGLE DETACHED BUILDINGS" (SPECIAL OCCUPANCIES EXCEPTION N0.2 -MORE THAN ONE SERVICE TO A SINGLE BUILDING OR STRUCTURE OF SUFFICIENTLY LARGE AREA)

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2. The illustration demonstrates the exception to the general rule whereby the building requires two services of different characteristics - different voltages of 230 volts and 460 volts.

Notes: 1. Article 2.30 - Services Section 2.30.1.2(D) Different Characteristics. Additional services shall be permitted for different voltages, frequencies, or phases, or for different uses, such as for different rate schedules.

FIGURE 13 EXCEPTION TO GENERAL RULE FOR SERVICES "ONE SERVICE TO ONE BUILDING OR STRUCTURE OR SITE DEVELOPMENT WITH GROUP OF SINGLE DETACHED BUILDINGS" (DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS)

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2. The illustration shows the service-entrance conductors connected to the overhead service conductors instead of the service drop. The conductors between the service point and the supply side of the service equipment constitute the service conductors as defined.

Notes: 1. For service-entrance conductors connected to overhead service conductors, care must be taken to meet Code requirements for clearances over roofs, roadways, sidewalks, driveways and other areas accessible to people and vehicles. [Refer to Section 2.30.1.9 and Section 2.30.2.3(A) to (E)]

FIGURE 14A SERVICE-ENTRANCE CONDUCTORS (CONNECTED TO OVERHEAD SERVICE CONDUCTORS)

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2. The illustration shows a situation where the underground service-entrance conductors are buried below a lawn area.

Notes: 1. For service-entrance conductors installed underground, care must be taken to meet Code requirements for different burial depth requirements depending on ground usage - such as roadways and grounds accessible to people only- under which the conductors are installed. (Section 3.0.1.5)

FIGURE 14B SERVICE-ENTRANCE CONDUCTORS (INSTALLED UNDERGROUND)

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2. The illustration shows a situation where splices are made on the overhead service conductors and service-entrance conductors to change from one wiring method to another.

Notes: 1. Splices are allowed on the service conductors to allow for possible changes in wiring methods over the length ofthe conductors.

FIGURE 15 SPLICES ON SERVICE CONDUCTORS

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Notes: 1. The illustration shows three of the five conditions when service-entrance conductors are considered outside a building: ( 1) Where installed under not less than 50 mm of concrete beneath a building or other structure (shown in illustration) (2) Where installed within a building or other structure in a raceway that is encased in concrete or brick not less than 50 mm thick (shown in illustration) (3) Where installed in any vault that meets the construction requirements of Article 4.50.3 of PECl 2017 (4) Where installed in conduit and under not less than 450 mm of earth beneath a building or other structure (shown in illustration) (5) Where installed within rigid metal conduit (Type RMC) or intermediate metal conduit (Type IMC) used to accommodate the clearance requirements in 2.30.2.3 and routed directly through an eave but not a wall of a building 2. The vertical run of the service-entrance conductors conduit between the two concrete walls qualifies it to be outside the building under condition (2) above. 3. The difference between conditions (1) and (4) above is that the conduit run in item (4) still qualifies as being outside the building even if the building's floor slab is less than 50 mm thick- as long as it is buried 450 mm in the earth beneath the building.

FIGURE 16 SERVICE-ENTRANCE CONDUCTORS CONSIDERED OUTSIDE A BUILDING

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3. The illustration shows an application of the general rule for a power service connection to a building connected to the service drop from the utility company's overhead distribution system.

2. Simply stated, the General Rule is: One service drop, set of overhead service conductors, set of underground service conductors, or service lateral to supply one set of service-entrance conductors.

Notes: 1. Part 2.30.4 - Service-Entrance Conductors Section 2.30.4.1 Number of Service-Entrance Conductor Sets. Each service drop, set of overhead service conductors, set of underground service conductors, or service lateral shall supply only one set of service- entrance conductors.

FIGURE 17A GENERAL RULE FOR SERVICE-ENTRANCES "ONE SERVICE DROP. SET OF OVERHEAD SERVICE CONDUCTORS. SET OF UNDERGROUND SERVICE CONDUCTORS. OR SERVICE LATERAL TO SUPPLY ONE SET OF SERVICE-ENTRANCE CONDUCTORS" (UTILITY COMPANY OVERHEAD DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM)

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3. The illustration shows an application of the general rule for a power service connection to a building connected to the service lateral from the utility company's underground distribution system.

2. Simply stated, the General Rule is: One service drop, set of overhead service conductors, set of underground service conductors, or service lateral to supply one set of service-entrance c?nductors.

Notes: I. Part 2.30.4- Service-Entrance Conductors Section 2.30.4.1 Number of Service-Entrance Conductor Sets. Each service drop, set of overhead service conductors, set of underground service conductors, or service lateral shall supply only one set of service- entrance conductors.

FIGURE 17B GENERAL RULE FOR SERVICE-ENTRANCES "ONE SERVICE DROP, SET OF OVERHEAD SERVICE CONDUCTORS SET OF UNDERGROUND SERVICE CONDUCTORS. OR SERVICE LATERAL TO SUPPLY ONE SET OF SERVICE-ENTRANCE CONDUCTORS" (UTILITY COMPANY UNDERGROUND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM)

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1. Part 2.30.4- Service-Entrance Conductors Section 2.30.4.1 Number ofService-Entrance Conductor Sets. Each service drop, set of overhead service conductors, set of underground service conductors, or service lateral shall supply only one set of service- entrance conductors. Exception No. 1: "A building with more than one occupancy or a site development with group of single detached buildings shall be permitted to have one set of service-entrance conductors for each service, as defined in 2.30.1.2, run to each occupancy or each group of occupancies. Service-entrance sets serving a group of occupancies shall be permitted only if owned and managed by one person or entity or under single management. ... ". A building shall be permitted to have one set of service-entrance conductors for each service, as defined in 2.30.1.2, run to each occupancy or group of occupancies. 2. Section 2.30.1.2 exceptions are: (A) Special Conditions, (B) Special Occupancies, (C) Capacity Requirements and (D) Different Characteristics. 3. In the illustration above, one set of service-entrance conductors supply the building's lighting and power load requirements, while the additional set of service-entrance conductors supply the fire pump load which is permitted under (A) Special Conditions of Section 2.30.1.2. 4. "Building" here can mean one structure with one occupancy (e.g. a house with one family) or one structure with more than one occupancy (e.g. an office building with multiple tenants). 5. Typical Single-Line Diagrams for service-entrance arrangements are shown in the next section. If arrangements other than the examples shown are being considered and there is a need for validation, queries can be addressed to the IIEE PEC 1 Committee.

FIGURE 18 GENERAL RULE FOR SERVICE-ENTRANCES "ONE SERVICE DROP. SET OF OVERHEAD SERVICE CONDUCTORS. SET OF UNDERGROUND SERVICE CONDUCTORS. OR SERVICE LATERAL TO SUPPLY ONE SET OF SERVICE-ENTRANCE CONDUCTORS" (EXCEPTION NO.1) Notes:

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Notes: 1. Part 2.30.4 - Service-Entrance Conductors Section 2.30.4.1 Number of Service-Entrance Conductor Sets. Each service drop, set of overhead service conductors, set of underground service conductors, or service lateral shall supply only one set of service- entrance conductors. Exception No.3: A one-family dwelling unit and its accessory structures shall be permitted to have one set of service-entrance conductors run to each from a single service drop, set of overhead service conductors, set of underground service conductors, or service lateral. 2. There are instances where a property has two separate buildings - a single-family dwelling and another non-dwelling building or structure. Examples of non-dwelling buildings are garages, pump houses, storages and barns. In these instances, the Code permits separate service-entrance conductors sets connected to the utility supply. 3. Typical Single-Line Diagrams for service-entrance arrangements are shown in the next section. If arrangements other than the examples shown are being considered and there is a need for validation, queries can be addressed to the IIEE PECl Committee.

FIGURE 19 GENERAL RULE FOR SERVICE-ENTRANCES "ONE SERVICE DROP, SET OF OVERHEAD SERVICE CONDUCTORS. SET OF UNDERGROUND SERVICE CONDUCTORS. OR SERVICE LATERAL TO SUPPLY ONE SET OF SERVICE-ENTRANCE CONDUCTORS" (EXCEPTION NO. 3)

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Notes: 1. Part 2.30.4- Service-Entrance Conductors Section 2.30.4.1 Number of Service-Entrance Conductor Sets. Each service drop, set of overhead service conductors, set of underground service conductors, or service lateral shall supply only one set of service- entrance conductors. Exception No. 4: Two-family dwellings, multifamily dwellings, multiple occupancy buildings and a site development with group of single detached buildings shall be permitted to have one set of service-entrance conductors installed to supply the circuits covered in 2.1 0.2.8. 2. In two-family and multi-family dwellings where there are common areas (e.g. lobbies, and stairs), it is permitted to have these common areas provided with its dedicated service-entrance conductors set connected to the same service supply that serves the dwelling units. 3. For a multi-occupancy building, a building manager shall be retained to manage, operate and maintain the building electricity services, at the least. 4.Typical Single-Line Diagrams for service-entrance arrangements are shown in the next section. If arrangements other than the examples shown are being considered and there is a need for validation, queries can be addressed to the IIEE PECl Committee.

FIGURE20 GENERAL RULE FOR SERVICE-ENTRANCES "ONE SERVICE DROP. SET OF OVERHEAD SERVICE CONDUCTORS. SET OF UNDERGROUND SERVICE CONDUCTORS. OR SERVICE LATERAL TO SUPPLY ONE SET OF SERVICE-ENTRANCE CONDUCTORS" (EXCEPTION NO. 4)

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3. The illustration shows the disconnecting means located on the outside of the building.

2. The service disconnecting means does not need to be mounted on the outside wall of the building as shown, It can be mounted elsewhere outside the building, even at the concrete pedestal at the property line.

Notes: 1. Section 2.30.6.l(A)(l) Readily Accessible Location. The service disconnecting means shall be installed at a readily accessible location either outside of a building or structure or inside nearest the point of entrance of the service conductors.

FIGURE21A LOCATION OF DISCONNECTING MEANS (OUTSIDE OF A BUILDING OR STRUCTURE)

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service disconnecting means shall be installed at a readily accessible location either outside of a building or structure or inside nearest the point of entrance of the service conductors. 2. The illustration shows the disconnecting means located inside the building at a location nearest the point where the service-entrance conductors set enters the building. 3. Although the Code does not define the term "nearest", it is taken to be in the immediate vicinity of where the service-entrance conductors enter the building. 4. Considered outside a building: (A) Where installed under not less than 50 mm of concrete beneath a building or other structure (B) Where installed within a building or other structure in a raceway that is encased in concrete or brick not less than 50 mm thick (C) Where installed in any vault that meets the construction requirements of Article 4.50.3 of PECl 2017 (D) Where installed in conduit and under not less than 450 mm of earth beneath a building or other structure (E) Where installed within rigid metal conduit (Type RMC) or intermediate metal conduit (Type IMC) used to ac£_ommodate the clearance requirements in 2.30.2.3 and routed directly through an eave but not a wall of a building

1. Section 2.30.6.l(a)(l) Readily Accessible Location. The

Notes:

FIGURE 21B LOCATION OF DISCONNECTING MEANS (INSIDE THE BUILDING)

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2. The illustration shows an apartment building with occupants' disconnecting means located inside a locked electrical room. This is permitted since the building has retained a building manager to manage, operate and maintain the building electricity services, at the least, and the key to the room is kept by the building management.

Notes: 1. Section 2.30.6.3(C) Access to Occupants. In a multiple-occupancy building, each occupant shall have access to the occupant's service disconnecting means. Exception: In a multiple-occupancy building where electric service and electrical maintenance are provided by the building management and where these are under continuous building management supervision, the service disconnecting means supplying more than one occupancy shall be permitted to be accessible to authorized management personnel only.

FIGURE 22 OCCUPANTS ACCESS TO DISCONNECTING MEANS (EXCEPTION)

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2. The two enclosures shall be installed immediately adjacent to each other.

Notes: 1. The illustration shows the disconnecting means and overcurrent protection in separate enclosures. [Section 2.30.7.2]

FIGURE 24 DISCONNECTING MEANS AND OVERCURRENT PROTECTION IN SEPARATE ENCLOSURES

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4. Within the service disconnecting means, an unspliced main bonding jumper is required to connect the equipment grounding conductors to the grounded service conductor which, in tum, is bonded to the service disconnecting means enclosure.

3. These three joined conductors are connected to ground (earth) by connecting the grounding electrode conductor to the grounding electrode.

2. The grounded service conductor and grounding electrode conductor are also bonded to the equipment grounding conductors at the service disconnecting means.

conductor at the service disconnecting means.

1. The illustration shows the grounded service conductor connection to the grounding electrode

Notes:

FIGURE 25 GROUNDING AT SERVICE DISCONNECTING MEANS (GROUNDED SERVICE CONDUCTOR CONNECTION TO GROUNDING ELECTRODE CONDUCTOR) [Sections 2.50.2.5(A) and (B)]

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Note: Section 2.50.2.5(B) Main Bonding Jumper. For a grounded system, an unspliced main bonding jumper shall be used to connect the equipment grounding conductor(s) and the service-disconnect enclosure to the grounded conductor within the enclosure for each service disconnect in accordance with 2.50.2.9.

FIGURE 26 GROUNDING AT SERVICE DISCONNECTING MEANS (BONDING GROUNDED CONDUCTORS AND EQUIPMENT GROUNDING CONDUCTORS TERMINAL BARS)

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*Erratum: Section 2.50.2.5(A)(4) Main Bonding Jumper as Wire or Busbar is misprinted as Section 2.50.2.5(A)(2) in PECI 2017 (First and Second Printing).

Note: The grounding electrode conductor can be tapped to the equipment grounding conductors terminal bar instead of the grounded conductors bus bar. [Section 2.50.2.5(A)(4)*]

FIGURE 27 ELECTRODE GROUNDING CONDUCTOR CONNECTED TO EQUIPMENT GROUNDING CONDUCTORS TERMINAL BAR

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2. For a utility-supplied transformer, this additional grounding connection is provided by them.

Notes: 1. Where the transformer supplying the service is located outside the building, at least one additional grounding connection shall be made from the grounded service conductor to a grounding electrode, either at the transformer or elsewhere outside the building. [Section 2.50.2.5(A)(2)]

FIGURE28 ADDITIONAL GROUNDING CONNECTION

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3. Single-Line Diagram example for service-entrance arrangement for a multi-occupancy high-rise building is shown in the next illustration.

2. When occupant units in multi-occupancy high-rise buildings cannot be served by service-entrance conductors (as defined), the conductors serving power to the occupant units are considered feeders.

Notes: 1. The illustration shows a 2-story multi-occupancy building only. The intent of this illustration is to demonstrate how service-entrance conductors can be reasonably routed up to a 4-story multioccupancy building. Beyond this, it becomes difficult and impractical to run service-entrance conductors to occupant units.

FIGURE 29 OCCUPANTS OF MULTI-OCCUPANCY BUILDING SERVED BY SERVICE-ENTRANCE CONDUCTORS

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Note: An example of a single-line diagram for a high-rise building. Wiring system design and installation after the service equipment shall be treated as feeders and branch circuits.

FIGURE30 EXAMPLE OF HIGH-RISE BUILDING SINGLE-LINE DIAGRAM

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SERVICE RELATED DEFINITIONS: SERVICE CONDUCTORS. THE CONDUCTORS FROM THE SERVICE POINT TO THE SERVICE DISCONNECTING MEANS. SERVICE CONDUCTORS, OVERHEAD. THE OVERHEAD CONDUCTORS BETWEEN THE SERVICE POINT AND THE FIRST POINT OF CONNECTION TO THE SERVICE-ENTRANCE CONDUCTORS AT THE BUILDING OR OTHER STRUCTURE. SERVICE CONDUCTORS, UNDERGROUND. THE UNDERGROUND CONDUCTORS BETWEEN THE SERVICE POINT AND THE FIRST POINT OF CONNECTION TO THE SERVICE-ENTRANCE CONDUCTORS IN A TERMINAL BOX, METER, OR OTHER ENCLOSURE, INSIDE OR OUTSIDE THE BUILDING WALL. FPN: WHERE THERE IS NO TERMINAL BOX, METER, OR OTHER ENCLOSURE, THE POINT OF CONNECTION IS CONSIDERED TO BE THE POINT OF ENTRANCE OF THE SERVICE CONDUCTORS INTO THE BUILDING.

SERVICE DROP. THE OVERHEAD CONDUCTORS BETWEEN THE UTILITY ELECTRIC SUPPLY SYSTEM AND THE SERVICE POINT. SERVICE-ENTRANCE CONDUCTORS, OVERHEAD SYSTEM. THE SERVICE CONDUCTORS BETWEEN THE TERMINALS OF THE SERVICE EQUIPMENT AND A POINT USUALLY OUTSIDE THE BUILDING, CLEAR OF BUILDING WALLS, WHERE JOINED BY TAP OR SPLICE TO THE SERVICE DROP OR OVERHEAD SERVICE CONDUCTORS. 109

SERVICE CONDUCTORS

SERVICE-ENTRANCE CONDUCTORS, UNDERGROUND SYSTEM. THE SERVICE CONDUCTORS BETWEEN THE TERMINALS OF THE SERVICE EQUIPMENT AND THE POINT OF CONNECTION TO THE SERVICE LATERAL OR UNDERGROUND SERVICE CONDUCTORS. FPN: WHERE SERVICE EQUIPMENT IS LOCATED OUTSIDE THE BUILDING WALLS, THERE MAY BE NO SERVICE-ENTRANCE CONDUCTORS OR THEY MAY BE ENTIRELY OUTSIDE THE BUILDING.

SERVICE EQUIPMENT. THE NECESSARY EQUIPMENT, USUALLY CONSISTING OF A CIRCUIT BREAKER(S) OR SWITCH(ES) AND FUSE(S) AND THEIR ACCESSORIES, CONNECTED TO THE LOAD END OF SERVICE CONDUCTORS TO A BUILDING OR OTHER STRUCTURE, OR AN OTHERWISE DESIGNATED AREA, AND INTENDED TO CONSTITUTE THE MAIN CONTROL AND CUTOFF OF THE SUPPLY. SERVICE LATERAL. THE UNDERGROUND CONDUCTORS BETWEEN THE UTILITY ELECTRIC SUPPLY SYSTEM AND THE SERVICE POINT. SERVICE POINT. THE POINT OF CONNECTION BETWEEN THE FACILITIES OF THE SERVING UTILITY AND THE PREMISES WIRING. FPN: THE SERVICE POINT CAN BE DESCRIBED AS THE POINT OF DEMARCATION BETWEEN WHERE THE SERVING UTILITY ENDS AND THE PREMISES WIRING BEGINS. THE SERVING UTILITY GENERALLY SPECIFIES THE LOCATION OF THE SERVICE POINT BASED ON THE CONDITIONS OF SERVICE.

110

SERVICE CONDUCTORS

SWITCH OR CIRCUIT BREAKER INSTALLED AHE OF THE SERVICE EQUIPMENT, NEAREST THE SERVICE POINT (USUALLY, IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE METERING EQUIPMENT), INTENDED TO PROVIDE SHORT CIRCUI FAULT PROTECTION FOR SERVICE-ENTRANC CONDUCTORS. The following drawings are some examples of service conductors arrangements. Other arrangements are possible such as for conductors installed underground.

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UNDERSTANDING SERVICE-ENTRANCE ARRANGEMENTS I. Dissecting Section 2.30.6.2(A) to Understand Its True Intent (A) Related Sections: 2.30.4.1 Number of Service-Entrance Conductor Sets. Each service drop, set of overhead service conductors, set of underground service conductors, or service lateral shall supply only one set of service• enh·ance conductors.

Exception No. 1: A building with more than one occupancy or a site development with group ofsingle detached buildings shall be permitted to have one set of service-entrance conductors for each service, as defined in 2.30.1.2, run to each occupancy or each group of occupancies. Serviceentrance sets serving a group of occupancies shall be permitted only if owned and managed by one person or entity or under single management. Ifthe numberofservice disconnect locations for any given classification of service does not exceed six, the requirements of2.30.1.2(E) shall apply at each location. If the number of service disconnect locations exceeds six for any given supply classification, all service disconnect locations for all supply characteristics, together with any branch circuit or feeder supply sources, if applicable, shall be clearly described using suitable graphics or text, or both, on one or more plaques located in a readily accessible location(s) on the building or structure served and as near as practicable to the point(s) of attachment or entry(ies) for each service drop or service lateral, and for each set of overhead or underground service conductors. 2.30.6.1 General. Means shall be provided to disconnect all conductors in a building or other structure from the service-entrance conductors. (A) Location. The service disconnecting means shall be installed in accordance with 2.30.6.1(A)(l), (A)(2), and (A)(3). (1) Readily Accessible Location. The service disconnecting means shall be installed at a readily accessible location either outside of a building or shucture or inside nearest the point of entrance of the service conductors.

119

2.30.6.2 Maximum Number of Disconnects. (A) General. The service disconnecting means for each service permitted by 2.30.1.2, or for each set of service- entrance conductors permitted by 2.30.4.1, Exception Nos. I, 3, 4, or 5, shall consist of not more than six switches or sets of circuit breakers, or a combination of not more than six switches and sets of circuit breakers, mounted in a single enclosure, iu a group of separate enclosures grouped adjacent to each other, or in or on a switchboard or in switchgear. There shall be not more than six sets of disconnects per service grouped in any one location. FPN No. 1: There may be more than one location of service disconnecting means grouping in multiple-occupancy buildings or a site development with group of single detached buildings

(B) Breaking up Section 2.30.6.2(A) into two statements: First Statement: General. The service disconnecting means for each service permitted by 2.30.1.2 shall consist of not more than six switches or sets of circuit breakers, or a combination of not more than six switches and sets of circuit breakers, mounted in a single enclosure, in a group of separate enclosures grouped adjacent to each other, or in or on a switchboard or in switchgear. There shall be not more than six sets of disconnects per service grouped in any one location. FPN No. I: There may be more than one location of service disconnecting means grouping in multiple-occupancy buildings or a site development with group of single detached buildings

Internretation: Each service can supply power to a maximum of six disconnecting means grouped in any one location. Examples: (I) One service with one set of service-entrance conductors connected to it. In tum, a group of six service disconnecting switches are tapped to the service-entrance conductors set. (See Figures 5, 8 and 13.) (2) Under Section 2.30.4.1 Exception I, more than one set of serviceentrance conductors can be connected to one service. One service with six individual sets of service-entrance conductors connected to it, which are terminated in six service disconnecting means,

120

respectively, and grouped in one location. (See Figures 1 and 14.) (3) Under Section 2.30.4.1 Exception I, more than one set of serviceentrance conductors can be connected to one service. One service with combinations of different number of sets of service-entrance conductors connected to it, which are terminated in a maximum of six service disconnecting means grouped in one location. (See Figure 12.) Second Statement: General. The service disconnecting means for each set of serviceentrance conductors permitted by 2.30.4.1, Exception Nos. 1, 3, 4, or 5, shall consist of not more than six switches or sets of circuit breakers, or a combination of not more than six switches and sets of circuit breakers, mounted in a single enclosure, in a group of separate enclosures grouped adjacent to each other, or in or on a switchboard or in switchgear. There shall be not more than six sets of disconnects per service grouped in any one location. FPN No. 1: There may be more than one location of service disconnecting means grouping in multiple-occupancy buildings or a site development with group of single detached buildings

Interpretation: Simply stated, each set of service-entrance conductors can supply power to a maximum of six disconnecting means in any one location. Example Relative to the FPN: Under Section 2.30.4.1 Exception 1, more than one set of service-entrance conductors can be connected to one service. Hence, assuming there are two sets of service-entrance conductors connected to one service, this means twelve disconnecting means if grouped in one location from the service which supplies power to these. This is a violation of Code requirements. However, another possibility is the two sets of service-entrance conductors run to different locations, thereby, having only six disconnecting means grouped in each location. As such, Code requirements are met. The FPN is a reminder of this possibility.

121

II. Considerations for Service-Entrance Conductors Set Supplying Multiple-Occupant Buildings and Site Development with Group of Single Detached Buildings: (A) Service-entrance conductors set(s) terminates on the supply side of a service disconnecting means. In the case of service-entrance conductors set(s) with multiple occupants- in a multiple-occupancy building or group of single detached buildings in a site development - tapped to it, the two to six disconnecting means which are grouped adjacent to each other constitute the service disconnecting means required by the Code. As such, these grouped disconnecting means must be in the immediate* location of the service-entrance conductors set(s). (See Figures 5, 8 and 13.) This arrangement is permitted in Section 2.30.7.1(A) Exception No. 3 under service overcurrent protection, as follows:

2.30.7.1 Where Required. Each ungrounded service conductor shall have overload protection. (A) Ungrounded Conductor. Such protection shall be provided by an overcurrent device in series with each ungrounded service conductor that has a rating or setting not higher than the allowable ampacity of the conductor. A set of fuses shall be considered all the fuses required to protect all the ungrounded conductors of a circuit. Single-pole circuit breakers, grouped in accordance with 2.30.6.2(B), shall be considered as one protective device. Exception No. 3: Two to six circuit breakers or sets offoses shall be permitted as the overcurrent device to provide the overload protection. The sum of the ratings of the circuit breakers or fitses shall be permitted to exceed the ampacity ofthe service conductors, provided the calculated load does not exceed the ampacity of the service conductors.

122

* The meaning of "immediate" is drawn from the parallelisms with a panelboard and a meter center used as the service equipment, as shown in the following illustrations - where the panelboard with five (maximum of six permitted) circuit breakers used as service disconnecting means and overcurrent protection (i .e. overload protection) for the service-entrance conductors are grouped together tightly (as close as possible so as to minimize length of conductors without overcurrent protection) by means of the panel busbars (top), and an equipment enclosure with six sets of service disconnecting means, overcurrent protection device and meter all bussed together - known as a meter center (bottom): Calculated load • 305 A Service-entrance Conductors: 175 mm2 Cu, 75"C=305A

Combined ratings • 350 A 350-A main breaker permitted The total calculated Load not to exceed 305A

Source: NEC 20 14 Handbook, Adapted to Philippine Parameters

Service-entrance conductors for a maximum of six occupants' individual set of service equipment grouped in one equipment enclosure.

Source: NEC 2014 Handbook

123

PEC1 2017 Alternative Service-Entrance Arrangement If More Than Six Occupants Are Served: There can only be a maximum of six occupants service disconnecting means - grouped adjacent to each other in one location - connected to the service-entrance conductors set serving a multiple-occupancy building or group of single detached buildings in a site development. However, the PEC 1 2017 permits more than the number of six occupants stated above by the following Code provision under Section 2.30.6.2(A): For multiple-occupancy buildings or a site development with group of single detached buildings, for service- entrance sets that serve two or more occupancies, a main service disconnecting means is permitted to be provided from which feeders to individual occupants are tapped. Any combinations of main service disconnecting means and service disconnecting means shall not exceed six when grouped adjacent to each other in one location. The number of hand operations of service disconnecting means to disconnect power to all occupancies' premises wiring shall be limited to a maximum of six. All service disconnecting means shall be clearly labeled "SERVICE DISCONNECT FOR POWER SUPPLY CUTOFF". (See Figures 10 and 11.) (B) For multiple-occupancy buildings, the service-entrance conductors set in paragraph (II)(A) above can be run to the building location - either inside or on the outside -where the disconnecting means of the individual occupants or loads are also installed in close proximity. This serviceentrance arrangement will need to be coordinated with and agreeable to the power utility, since the utility metering equipment will be away from the property line where ready access to the meters may be restricted. (See Figure 8.) III. The service-entrance arrangements shown are a few examples drawn from the PEC1 2017 basic requirements. Other arrangements and combinations are possible.

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METERING EQUIPMENT

66

EIGHT SETS OF SERVICEENTRANCE CONDUCTORS

6~

FIGURE 3

OCCUPANT'S PANELS

SERVICE EillM . GROUPED IN ONE LOCATION f6 MAX. PERMITTED) SEGION 2.30.6.2

EXAMPLE OF: SECTION 2.30.4.1 EXCEPTION NO. 1

VIOLATION tTl

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0

c::--l rm

t:Il(J)

~~

~z :> Q n (")(J)

rc:: mr oo

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0

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[;_.i

OK

FIGURE4

SERVICE EQMT.

SERVICE PROT. DEV. (IF REQUIRED)

MORETHAN SIX SETS PERMITTED (LIMITEDONLY BY PRACfiCAL FIELD APPLICATION)

EXAMPLE OF: SECTION 2.30.4.1 EXCEPTION N0.1

IU Dt ruP.AilT'5 UIIIT>l.IH> CAilllAVC MAlliMUM OF SIX. DIStC:.r, htcni!G MCAII5.

~

~

r..J ...,

METERING EQUIPMENT

00

EIGHT SETS OF SERVICEENTRANCE CONDUCTORS

·m~'lr.t COU I¥MWT)P.Ail!UICt.lJI:DflDCAT[J)

AT BUILDING/ STRUCfURE

AT PROPERTY LINE

ONESERVICE POINT

ONESERVICE DROP SERVING ALLSERVICEENTRANCES

<: r~ "'j ot;"l

u z §

Cl.l

~

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t:O CI.l l:l

0s~ St"" ::J> tTlC':)

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m? z uu o m:z: r

z>-< ::== Clt:OOO r c::::oo

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z>-ltTl~z::==>-l

a;::?:li"J

0~

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......

AT BUILDING/STRUCTURE

FEEDERS

AT PROPERTY LINE

SERVICE POINT

SERVICE DROP SERVICE-ENTRANCE CONDUCTORS

OCCUPANT'S PANELS

SERVICE EQMT• GROUPED IN ONE LOCATION (2 - 6 PERMITTED) SECTION 2.30.6.3(A}

OK

AGURE 5

METERING EQUIPMENT

EXAMPLE OF: SECTION 2.30.4.1 EXCEPTION NO. 1

0

(.;.)

,_..

AT BUILDING/STRUCTURE

FEEDERS

AT PROPERTY LINE

SERVICE POINT

SERVICE DROP SERVICE-ENTRANCE CONDUCTORS

EXAMPLE OF: SECTION 2.30.4.1 EXCEPTION NO. 1

FIGURE 6

OCCUPANT'S PANELS

SERVICE EQMT. GROUPED IN ONE LOCATION (6 MAX. PERMITIED) SECTION 2.30.6.2

METERING EQUIPMENT

VIOLATION

tTl

t:l

...... VJ ......

SERVICE POINT

AT BUILDING/STRUCTURE

AT PROPERTY LINE

SERVICE DROP

VIOLATION

FIGURE 7

SERVICE EQUIPMENT • {SECTION 2.30.6.3(A))

SERVICE PROT. DEV. (IF REQUIRED)

METERING EQUIPMENT

• SERVICE EQUIPMENT LOCATED IN OCCUPANrS UNIT AND NOT GROUPED IN ONE LOCATION. SERVICE DISCONNECTlNG MEANS CANNOT BE LOCATED AWAV FROM THE SERVICE-ENTRANCE CONDUCTORS AS THESERVICE EQUIPMENT CONDUCTORS HAVE NOOVERCURRENT PROTECTION (SECTION 2.30.7.1 EXCEPTION NO.3).

DO DODD

l~~.l l~l I.~J !·~l 1:~1 i.~l

SERVICE-ENTRANCE CONDUCTORS

EXAMPLE OF: SECTION 2.30.4.1 EXCEPTION NO. 1

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rm

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c:: : --

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z -<:::o

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tT1 <

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SERVICE POINT

AT BUILDING/STRUCTURE

AT PROPERTY LINE

SERVICE DROP

• SERVlC£ EQUIPMENT OF OCCUPANTS GROUPED IN ONE LOCAllON (MAX. 6).

SERVICE-ENTRANCE CONDUCTORS

OK

FIGURE 8

SERVICE EQUIPMENT * (SECTION 2.30.6.2(A}]

METERING EQUIPMENT

EXAMPLE OF: SECTION 2.30.4.1 EXCEPTION NO. 1

\.;.) \.;.)

AT BUILDING/STRUCTURE

AT PROPERTY LINE

SERVICE POINT

SERVICE DROP

VIOLATION

FIGURE9

SERVICE EQUIPMENT * [SECTION 2.30.6.2(A}]

METERING EQUIPMENT

• SERVICE EQUIPMENT Of OCCUPANTS GROUPED IN ONE LOCATION (MAXIMUM Of 6). SERVICE DISCONNECTING MfANS CANNOT BE LOCATtD AWAY FROM THE SERVICE-ENTRANCE CONDUCTORS AS THE SERVICE EQUIPMENT CONDUCTORS HAVE NO OVERCURRENT PROTECTION (SECTION 2.30.7.1 EXCEPTION NO.3~

0 DODO

SERVICE· ENTRANCE CONDUCTORS

EXAMPLE OF: SECTION 2.30.4.1 EXCEPTION NO. 1

l"'l

rJJ

~

,_. w

SERVICE-ENTRANCE CONDUCTORS

AT BUILDING/STRUCTURE

FEEDERS

AT PROPERTY UNE

MAIN SERVICE DISCONNECTING MEANS PERMiffiD (SECTION 2.30.6.2(A}]

SERVICE POINT

SERVICE DROP

OCCUPANT'S PANELS

FEEDER BREAKERS (TWO OR MORE PERMimD)

nn

METERING EQMT.

EXAMPLE OF: SECTION 2.36.4.1 EXCEPTION NO. 1

FIGURElO

OK

~

Vl ..._,

~

tl

S:=i l'tr1

t:d r:n .....

gja

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tr1s::

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r,....., o'Tl

tl

Vl

....... w

FEEDERS

AT PROPERTY UNE

MAIN SERVICE DISCONNECTING MEANS PERMiffiO [SECTION 2.30.6.2(A}1

ONESERVICE POINT

ONE SERVICE DROP SERVICE-ENTRANCE CONDUCTORS

AT BUILDING/STRUCTURE

OCCUPANT'S PANELS

nnn

EXAMPLE OF: SECTION 2.30.4.1 EXCEPTION NO. 1

FIGUREll

OK

~

t"'l

rJ)

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S::J> t""'tTlCJ

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t""' _......, (')

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tTl

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UJ

ONESERVICE DROP

AT BUILDING/ STRUCTURE

AT PROPERTY UNE

ONE SERVICE POJNT

OCCUPANT'S PANELS

l. I

000000

SERVICE-ENTRANCE CONDUCTORS

FIGURE 12

BOOSTER PUMP

FEEDERS

GROUPED SERVICE EQMT. (2 TO 6 PERMmED)

METERING EQUIPMENT

EXAMPLE OF: SECTION 2.30.4.1 EXCEPTION NOS. 1AND2

OK

-....]

w

-

FEEDERS

AT BUILDING ELECTRICAL ROOM

SERVICE POINT

AT EACH OF THE FIVE OCCUPANT'S UNITS

SERVICE DROP SERVICE-ENTRANCE CONDUCTORS

PANEl-6

OK

FIGURE13

PANEL-615 FOR COMMON AREA LOADS OF SECTION 2.10.2.8

GROUPED SERVICE EQMT. (MAX. OF6)

METERING EQUIPMENT

EXAMPLE OF: SECTION 2.30.4.1 EXCEPTION NOS.1 &4

00

w

.......

AT BUILDING/STRUCTURE

FEEDERS

AT PROPERlY UNE

ONE SERVICE POINT

ONE SERVICE DROP SERVING All SIX SERVICE-ENTRANCES

4 x OCCUPANT' S PANELS

SERVICE EQMT. FOR SOLAR PV EQMT.

LOAD MANAGEMENT PANEL

GROUPED SERVICE EQMT. (MAX. OF 6}

METERING EQUIPMENT

SERVICE-ENTRANCE CONDUCTORS

EXAMPLE OF: SECTION 2.30.4.1 EXCEPTION NO.5

FIGURE14

OK

\0

w

......

'', SERVICE ',, ......~... POINTl

''

PANEl S

UNITB

'',

.

I

.

: I

T

I I I "

,"

,,"~L-'

PANELE

UNITE

,"

,, " ,,"

,," "

SERVICE POINT 2

PANELD

UNITD

SERVICE DROPS

,, '

' ' ,,

'

PANEL C

UNITC

SERVICE POINT#3

PANElF

UNITF

EXAMPLE OF: SECTION 2.30.4.1 EXCEPTION NO.1 ANDSECTION 2.30.1.2{8}.{1)

SECONDARY DIST. LINES

UTILITY POLE

SECONDARYDIST. LIN ES

OK

APARTMENT UNITS

FIGURE15A

~--·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-~~~~:·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-~

SERVICE· ENTRANCES

PANEL A

UNIT A

APARTMENTS PLAN VIEW

0

~

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1

:

l

:

l

:

i ........ :

:

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:

:

:

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li li Li LT.: tJ.: ~~~ ~~

'

:

i .........i

:

:

i*..... ···:

i

SERVICE EQUIPMENT* PANELBOARDS [SECTION 2.30.6.3(A))

SERVICE PROT. DEV. (IF REQUIRED)

METERING EQUIPMENT

SIX SETS OF SERVICEENTRANCE CONDUCTORS (MORE THAN 6 PERMITIED}

• SERVICE EQUIPMENT (PANEL&OARD) LOCATED IN OCCUPANT'S UNIT AND CAN HAVE MAXIMUM OF SIX DISCONNECTING MEANS.

APARTMENTS SINGLE-LINE DIAGRAM

AT BUILDING/ STRUCTURE

EACH SERVICE DROP SERVING TWO SERVICE-ENTRANCES

SERVICE POINT1 ...-

SERVICE POINT 2

OK

FIGURE15B

SECTION 2.30.4.1 EXAMPLE OF: EXCEPTION NO. 1 AND SECTION 2.30.1.2{8)(1)

.......

.......

.j:::.

AT BUILDING/STRUCTURE"

AT PROPERTY LINE

! !

"~

DO

1.1 Lr

.......

!•

.

PANEL·A PANEL·B

ONE SERVICE POINT

ONE SERVICE DROP SERVING BOTH SERVICE·ENTRANCES

FIGURE 16

SERVICE PROT. DEV. (IF REQUIRED)

2 X" METERING EQUIPMENT

TWO SETS OF SERVICE· ENTRANCE CONDUCTORS

ENTRANCES FROM ONE SERVICE DROP

2 SETS OF SERVICE·

HOUSE PANEL·A

GARAGE PANEL·B

EXAMPLE OF: SECTION 2.30.4.1 EXCEPTION NO. 3

OK