History Of Pump Industry

A brief history of pumps 23 March 2009 World Pumps

Ten years ago, World Pumps put together a brief history of the pump industry telling the story of pump development since the Egyptians invented the ‘shadoof’ in 200BC. We stopped then at 1999, but here we bring the story right up to date with some of the main industry events of recent times. Fifty years ago, Trade & Technical Press launched a new magazine to report on technical developments in pumps. The original title of Pumping was short-lived, being soon supplanted by the pan-European Pumps, Pompes, Pumpen in 1965 as the magazine linked up with the fledgling Europump association. Over the next seventeen years, the pump industry became increasingly international and in 1982, the publisher decided to mark this trend by re-launching the magazine as World Pumps. The thirtieth anniversary year saw Trade & Technical Press acquired by Elsevier Science Ltd who incorporated the magazine into its Elsevier Advanced Technology Division. Since then, a number of editorial changes have brought with them new approaches as the industry matures. There have been reviews of software and web pages, eventually eclipsed by sheer numbers. An annual International Buyers’ Guide has been published since 1997, and is now supplemented by an on-line version. Since 2003 World Pumps has worked with BPMA on the annual prestigious Pump Industry Awards. The magazine now features regular contributions from the Hydraulic Institute, underlining its international credentials. Man has been using pumps of some type for 4000 years, which makes 50 years a very short time in the history of pumping. Indeed, looking back at the most significant developments in technology, the last fifty years seem relatively insignificant. By 1959, all the major pump designs had been introduced and mostly developed into commercial products. So what has World Pumps been writing about for the past 50 years?

Driving trends One trend has been the increasing importance of niche positive displacement pumps, particularly rotary types. Peristaltic, progressing cavity and rotary lobe pumps have all risen in profile as their capabilities have been introduced to new markets by improved communications. Increasing competition has meant that users have been more inclined to experiment in the search for the ideal pump for difficult duties. The trends that have affected all of us have also had their impact on the pump market. Increased environmental awareness gave a real boost to pumps without shaft seals. Magnetic drive and canned motor units have thrived and even produced a hybrid combining the two technologies. Pump shaft sealing has also changed dramatically. Asbestos in packing is outlawed and today the vast majority of new pumps are supplied with mechanical seals, often in factoryassembled cartridge format to avoid the risk of face damage during handling.

Materials have also developed. Sea-water pumps have seen gunmetal and aluminium bronze replaced by highly alloyed super-austenitic and super-duplex stainless steels. New non-metals have made possible tiny pumps for human implant. Ceramics and tungsten/silicon carbide have vastly reduced wear rates in pumps of all sizes. Even large sub-sea variable speed super-synchronous drive motors for pumps are now possible.

Overtaken by computers Electronics and computers have overtaken all our lives and inevitably have entered the physical world of pumps in the form of variable speed drives (VSD's), SCADA systems and condition monitoring equipment. Integral VSDs on in-line pumping units now dominate the building services market. Pump selection software has speeded up the process of choosing a pump, as well as opening opportunities in marketing. For the designer, CAD and CFD have reached new heights. They can now interact but they still have some way to go before they fully replace personal expertise. Life cycle costing has become a part of everyday life and has shown that energy costs usually eclipse all other lifetime costs. Vast savings are frequently realised by system improvement but appropriate legislation is practically impossible to formulate. Although pump efficiency improvements give relatively small returns for large outlays, legislation for raising efficiency now exists in Korea and China. The European Commission, as part of its Energy Using Products Directive, has targeted the raising of efficiencies of water pumps. Europump has been instrumental in assisting the EC in this task and has proposeda method for eliminating bad performers. We are all aware that in recent years, discussions about the pump industry have been dominated by talk of mergers, takeovers and disposals. Indeed, as we consider the major pump makers of 2009, it is hard to name one which has not changed markedly since 1959.

Comings and goings ITT, IDP, Sterling Fluid Systems, Grundfos, Wilo and ABS have changed almost beyond recognition. Established independent makers like Harland, Flygt, Worthington and now Weir Pumps have disappeared, whilst newer names like Textron, Constellation Capital, IDEX, Pentair and Flowserve have arrived on the scene, continuing the trend for the biggest companies to get bigger. Other interesting changes include diversification. For example, after more than 50 years of providing submersible motors to pump makers, Franklin Electric has ‘pulled the plug’ and now buys pump companies to produce its own units. Mind you, it is also interesting to note from the chronology of the pump industry listed below, that even in the early years of this magazine mergers and acquisitions were not unknown and ever since there has been a continuous environment of change.

Global marketplace Probably the biggest single change in this industry has been the transition from a local to a global marketplace. Fifty years ago we had only national trade associations but today the significant impetus in inter-company relations is at intercontinental level. The Europump Association has grown massively in stature and effectiveness in its 49 years, and now works in close partnership with the Hydraulic Institute in the US. This partnership reflects ever closer cooperation between pump manufacturers' associations, a development that mirrors this magazine's evolution from national through European to global coverage.

A brief history of the pump industry

2000 BC

Egyptians invent the shadoof

200 BC

Ctesibius invents the reciprocating pump; Archimedean screw pump described (but not invented) by Archimedes

1580

Sliding vane pump invented by Ramelli; Serviere invents the gear pump

1650

Otto van Guericke invents his piston vacuum pump

1674

Sir Samuel Morland patents the packed plunger pump

1738

Ural hydraulic machinery plant established

1790

Plenty Ltd established Thomas Simpson establishes his pump business in London Hayward Tyler established

1830

Screw pump invented by Revillion

1834

Sulzer Brothers founded

1840

Henry R Worthington invents the first direct-acting steam pump

1848

Goulds Pumps founded

1851

John Gwynne patents his centrifugal pump improvements

1853

Bornemann Pumpen founded

1856

Gilbert Gilkes & Gordon founded

1857

Roper Pump Company founded Jacob Edson invents the diaphragm pump and founds the Edson Corporation

1860

David Brown commences business as pattern maker Allweiler founded A.S. Cameron invents the first reciprocating steam pump

1862

Lawrence Pumps established; Philipp Hilge founded

1866

Lederle founded Sigma Lutin founded; Stork Pumpen founded Scanpump founded

1871

KSB established; Southern Cross established in Australia George and James Weir set up the partnership that forms the Weir Group

1872

Weise & Monski, Ochsner, Byron Jackson and Wilo founded

1873

G & J Weir moves to Glasgow

1875

Hodgkin and Neuhaus, forerunner of SPP, founded

1877

Ritz Pumpenfabrik established

1878

Steimel founded; Hodgkin and Neuhaus becomes the Pulsometer Engineering Company Ltd

1881

Halberg Maschinenbau founded

1883

Holden & Brooke founded A W Chesterton founded

1888

Kirloskar Brothers Ltd founded

1890

Salmson starts making pumps in Paris; Osna Pumpen established

1893

Uraca Pumpenfabrik founded

1894

Sero Pumpenfabrik founded Peroni founded

1896

KSB opens UK subsidiary; Dia Pumpen founded

1897

Wirth founded Worthington Pump Company and Thomas Simpson amalgamate to form Worthington Simpson Ltd

1901

Flygt's forerunner Stenberg founded

1903

Rateau founded

1905

Leistritz Company established

1906

Stuart Turner Ltd founded

1907

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries produces its first pump

1909

Tristam Pumpen and Pumpen fabrik Ernst Vogel founded Ingersoll-Rand enters the pump business by acquiring the Cameron Steam Pumps Works

1910

Gilbarco produces its first gasoline pump Dickow Pumpen and Hitachi founded

1911

Jens Nielsen builds the first Viking internal gear pump, founding the Viking Pump Company

1912

Ebara Corporation founded; Duriron (Durco Pumps) founded

1916

Hazleton Pumps founded as Barrett Haentjens and Co. Worthington Pump & Machinery Corporation acquires Worthington Simpson Ltd

1917

John Crane founded; Hydraulic Institute established Louis Bergeron invented the concrete volute pump and founded Bergeron S.A.

1918

Scanpump and CCM Sulzer founded

1919

Torishima Pump Mfg Co and Kawamoto Pump Mfg established

1920

Bombas Itur, Wernert Pumpen and SIHI established

1921

LaBour founded

1922

Midland Dairy Machines founded

1923

Peerless founded; Pacific Pumps founded

1924

Jung Pumpen established; Leistritz starts making screw pumps Rheinhuette starts pump production

1926

Arai Pump Mfg. Co. founded

1927

Industrial Filter and Pump Mfg Co forerunner founded Edur Pumpenfabrik founded

1928

Girdlestone Pumps founded

1929

Heishin Works, and Houttuin founded Pleuger pioneers the submersible turbine pump motor Stenberg and Flygt commence their cooperation

1930

René Moineau receives a doctorate for his thesis which will lead to the invention of the progressing cavity pump Ensival starts selling centrifugal pumps Reda Pump Company founded

1931

Imo established by Ingeström and Montelius VNII Gidromash research and design organization founded in Moscow

1932

PCM founded; Sarlin Pumps founded; Bran+Luebbe founded

1933

Bush pump invented; Gormann-Rupp established

1936

Robbins & Myers acquires North American license for the Moineau progressing cavity pump Mono Pumps Ltd formed to manufacture and distribute Moineau's pump design in the UK

1937

Sigmund Pumps Ltd (GB) established

1938

Ebsray and Warman International founded

1940

Grindex founded; Dresser acquires Pacific Pumps

1941

British Pump Manufacturers Association founded Smedegaard Pumps founded

1944

Franklin Electric founded

1945

Grundfos Pumps, Caprari and Flexibox founded

1946

Cornell Pumps, Klaus Union, Totton Pumps founded

1947

HMD Seal/Less Pumps established; Hyundai founded

1948

Abel Pumps launched; Mast Pumpen founded Stenberg Flygt AB designs the first submersible drainage pump; Varisco starts pump production

1949

HMD supplies its first production magnet-drive pump

1950

Batescrew estabIished; Delasco founded

1951

Tsurumi and Netzsch Mohnop umpen founded

1952

Lewa and Rovatti founded

1953

Nikkiso established

1954

Orlita and Sta-Rite founded Bell & Gossett opens its Little Red Schoolhouse training facility

1955

Wilden and DMW Corporation established Borg-Warner acquires Byron Jackson

1956

Flygt introduces the submersible sewage pump Saer Elettropompe founded

1957

Richter Chemie-Technik founded Centrilift founded

1958

Heishin Works becomes Heishin Pump Works Co Ltd SSP Pumps founded

1959

World Pumps is launched as Pumping ABS and Calpeda founded

1960

David Brown Pumps division formed Europump established

1961

Ingersoll-Rand acquires the Aldrich Pump Company Pulsometer Engineering joins the Booker McConnel Group, which had already acquired Sigmund Pumps

1962

Acromet commences operations

1964

First edition of the Pumping Manual published

1965

Nigo's Pumps incorporated in India; Warren Rupp founded Sulzer acquires majority interest in Weise & Monski Pumping becomes Pumps, Pompes, Pumpen

1966

Crisafulli Pump Company founded; ITT acquires Jabsco

1967

Scienco founded

1968

Johnson Pump International founded ITT Corporation acquires Flygt

1969

Weir acquires Harland Engineering; Worthington acquires Worthington-Simpson

1970

Alma Pompe founded; Weir buys Drysdale; Ingersoll-Rand buys Sigmund Pumps Ltd (GB) in Gateshead, UK

1971

SIHI takes over Halberg; Gévelot group acquires Delasco Turbosan founded Seepex Seeberger founded

1973

Crest Pumps Ltd founded

1976

Worthington acquires Sier-Bath Pump Division from Gilbarco

1977

Ingersoll-Rand buys Western Land Roller Irrigation Pumps Sterling Fluid Systems (TBG) buys Peerless Pump

1978

Thompsons acquires the pump manufacturing operations of Kelly & Lewis to form Thompsons, Kelly & Lewis

1979

Totton Pumps bought by Wolseley plc SPP acquires Godiva Fire Pumps

1981

Red Jacket and Hydromatic merge to form Marley Pump Sterling Fluid Systems takes a half share in SIHI

1982

Pumps, Pompes, Pumpen is relaunched as World Pumps Magazine Biwater acquires Wallwin Pumps SPP is subject to a management buy-out

1984

First Texas A&M Pump Users Symposium SIHI buys the canned motor programme of Bran+Luebbe

1985

Dresser Industries acquires Worthington Pumps KSB acquires Pompes Guinard; Scanpump acquires Pumpex SIHI buys the pump programme of MAN Pentair acquires FE Myers; Goulds Pumps acquires Lowara SPP acquires Henry Sykes plc

1987

Bedford Pumps launched; BW/IP formed by management buy-out of Borg-Warner's Industrial Products subsidiary Weir buys Mather and Platt Machinery; SIHI France buys Schabaver; Dresser acquires Pleuger Pumps

1988

KSB acquires a majority stake in Georgia Iron Works Scanpump acquires Pompes Lefi; Idex Corporation founded Weir buys the large pumps business of WH Allen & Gwynnes from NEI; BW/IP acquires United Centrifugal Pumps Braithwaite acquires SPP and sells off Godiva Fire Pumps

1989

Elsevier acquires World Pumps; Scanpump acquires ABS; Pearce Pump Supply founded TBG acquires SPP Ltd as part of Sterling Fluid Systems Dresser Industries acquires Mono Pumps Ltd; Ingersoll-Rand acquires Scienco Ltd

Watson-Marlow bought by Spirax-Sarco 1991

Idex acquires Corken; Baker Hughes acquires Geho

1992

Ingersoll-Rand and Dresser Industries merge their pump businesses to form Ingersoll Dresser Pumps (IDP) Warman acquires Girdlestone Pumps Idex acquires Pulsafeeder and Johnson Pump (UK) Ltd Weir buys Floway; BW/IP buys ACEC Ebara establishes state-of-the-art manufacturing plant in Italy

1993

United Dominion acquires Marley Pump Vogel acquires Ochsner Sterling Fluid Systems acquires LaBour

1994

Weir acquires EnviroTech Pumpsys tems Warman acquires Barrett Haentjens Idex acquires Hale Products; Goulds acquires Vogel ITT buys Richter Chemie-Technik Sundstrand acquires HMD Seal/less Pumps

1995

Idex acquires Micropump; BW/IP acquires the Wilson-Snyder centrifugal pump business from National Oilwell Durametallic acquires Pacseal and then is bought by Duriron

1996

Hayward Tyler sold by Sterling Fluid Systems, which buys the remaining half share in SIHI; Grundfos acquires Interdab Pump Industry Analyst launched BW/IP acquires Stork Pumps' engineered pumps business Johnson Pumps International acquires the modular pumps business Durco and BW/IP merge to form Flowserve Corp. ITT Industries acquires Goulds Idex acquires Blagdon Pumps Textron acquires Maag Pump Systems

Spirax-Sarco acquires Bredel Pentair acquires General Signal's Pump Group Constellation Capital acquires Imo David Brown acquires Union Pump Company Gilbert Gilkes & Gordon buys Wallwin Pumps from Biwater Textron buys David Brown Union Pumps Constellation Capital buys Allweiler; Glynwed acquires Friatec; Sundstrand acquires Ansimag and Masco; Weir buys Schabaver 1999

Hayward Tyler acquires APV Industrial Pumps Ebara acquires Cryostar cryogenic pumps Howard Anderson buys Pullen Pumps Sterling Fluid Systems acquires QVF Engineering (Germany) United Technologies Corp acquires Sundstrand Textron buys KSB Annecy (France) Weir Group acquires Warman International (including Girdle stone Pumps) United Dominion Industries acquires Bran+Luebbe; Ensival merges with Moret

2000

Flowserve acquires IDP ABS acquires CH&E Pumps (USA) Cat Pumps (UK) buys Ram Pumps Grundfos acquires Myson and Sarlin Pumps Sulzer acquires Ahlstrom Pumps Watson-Marlow Bredel acquires Alitea (Sweden) Roper acquires Abel; Blackmer buys Chesterton's System One pumps Sulzer (temporarily) decides to leave the pump business; Sundyne acquires Caster (Italy)

2001

SPX acquires United Dominion Industries Godwin Pumps of America acquires Godwin Pumps (UK) Lightnin (of SPX) acquires Plenty Group Metso acquires Svedala; Idex acquires Versa-Matic

2002

Gorman-Rupp acquires American Machine and Tool Grundfos takes controlling interest in Chung Suk (Korea) ITT acquires Svedala Robot (Holland) Idex acquires Wrightech (USA)

2003

National Oilwell acquires Mono and Corlac (Canada) Wilo acquires EMU Weir Engineering Services acquires Allen Gwynnes pump business Kirloskar acquires SPP Pumps; KSB acquires controlling share in Bombas Itur (Spain)

2004

Howden pumps merge with Orbit in South Africa; Flowserve acquire Thompsons, Kelly & Lewis; Armstrong Pumps buy Holden Brooke Pullen, Baric and RMI Grundfos take control of Philipp Hilge Dover Resources acquire Almatec

2005

Grundfos takes over Tesla (Italian submersible motor maker) National Oilwell merges with Varco International Interpump acquires Hammelmann Weir acquires Pompe Gabbioneta (Italy) Wilo acquires majority holding in Mather & Platt Pumps and Fire Systems (India) Grundfos acquires Brisan Turbo (South Africa)

2006

SPX acquires Johnson Pump Franklin Electric acquires Little Giant Pump United Components acquire ASC Industries (USA) Wilo acquires Circulating Pumps (UK) South Bank UK acquires Hayward Tyler Group Sulzer Pumps sells Paco to Grundfos Pentair acquires Jung Pumpen (Germany) Lowara buys Mercury submersible motors (Italy)

2007

Sulzer's proposed acquisition of Weir Pumps falls through Clyde Pumps (part of Clyde Blowers) acquires Weir Pumps

SPX acquires APV Grundfos acquires Peerless Pump Wilden Pump acquires Griswold Pump Franklin Electric acquires Monarch Industries pump division (USA) Weir Group acquires Multifl o Australia and SPM Flow Control (USA). 2008

Weir Group acquires CH Warman Pump Group Franklin Electric acquires Industrias Schneider (Brazil) Flowserve complete acquisition of Niigata Worthington (Japan) Dover Corporation acquires Neptune Chemical Pump to join its Pump Solutions Group (Wilden, Blackmer, Griswold, Almatec) Weir Group acquires Mesa Manufacturing (USA) Hamilton Sunstrand acquires Marelli Pumps (Spain) Clyde Blowers acquires Textron Fluid and Power division (including Maag Pump Systems and Union Pumps) IDEX acquires Richter Chemie-Technik.

INTRODUCTION

We are introducing ourself as an Examining Body conducting common Professional Diploma Examination in Automobile Engineering for the working professionals in India through different ma centres.

This professional organisation was established in 1969. It was registered under Societies Act 186 seven Governing council members in 1975. After the Tamil Nadu Govt. regulated their own Socie Act, this organisation was registered again under Tamil Nadu Government Societies Act 1975 dur year 1985. From the year 1996 to 2001 our Examining Body was recognised by Continuing Educa Programme of AICTE as an Examining body to conduct examination in the area of Engineering to

all AICTE-CEP approved Training centers. After June 2001, the CEP programme was withdrawn AICTE-New Delhi.

Concept: Motor Industry is fast developing in India and providing employment to several thousan our youth. Many of these Industries have their own implant training facilities. In addition there are private technical institutes at many places imparting training in Automobile engineering and award their own certificates or Diplomas which due to the localised nature of the examination may not at sufficient stature to get Government recognition.

But there is hardly any common All India level Examination of the Diploma standard in Automobile Engineering at present where those Working professionals in this particular field as private candid can qualify themselves. Many of them therefore go in for the examinations conducted by some fo organisations.

No doubt some of these examinations are internationally well known, though not officially recogni India, but Indian students are faced with some serious drawbacks for passing these examinations of the under mentioned difficulties and many become disappointed. The main difficulties are:

1. Since the answer books are valued in foreign countries a fairly good standard of English is nec In view of the secondary place given for the study of English in the present day Educational syste students find it difficult to express themselves in correct English, although they may have good knowledge of the subject.

2. Difficulties to go through all the formalities required such as getting supporters etc.

3. Difficulties to get foreign exchange required for Registration fees, Examination fees etc.

4. The Systems, laws etc., governing Motor Industry included in the syllabus of these Examination based on the practice followed by those foreign countries concerned which are not always same a followed in this country. Hence apart from the difficulty in getting proper coaching on the practice followed in those countries the student may get confused.

Some of the foreign organisation exploiting this prevailing situation and misguiding the aspirants w intend to get foreign certificates by appointing their own agents in India. These agents coaching th students through their agents institution according to their own syllabus ( some of them not even coaching as there is no infrastructure facilities) and conducting their own examination in India and awarding foreign certificate by collecting huge amount from the students.

To obtain the foreign certificate these agents paying heavy foreign exchange to the foreign Organ Even though these Foreign certificates are not recognised in India, as there is no access for the w Professionals to get recognised and identifiable certificate, they are going after these Foreign cert to maintain their status by spending huge amount which is not identified their standard. Besides fr National points of view, there is a heavy drain on our hard pressed foreign Exchange.

Another drawback is that those who pass those examinations are isolated in a vast country like In that no Professional Organisation can be effectively organised by those persons to help and guide in their professional career. Particularly some states in North India, North west and North east Ind very few Govt. recognised Engineering Colleges and Polytechnics to promote technical Education

Engineering aspirant students to venture their study in diploma and degree in Engineering course coming to South India which has number of private Govt. recognised Engineering Colleges and Polytechnics (Nowadays the Education become business in these States) to fulfill their ambitious spending huge amount of their parents hard earned money. Many aspirants in those states could the same due to their economic condition. They are all left out in the society without fulfilling their ambition though they have full potential of knowledge and aim. To reach the technical Education e the remote places in India for these deprived persons, the common examination by framing stand syllabus is highly necessary. The need for developing an All India level Examination on the Diplo standard in Automobile Engineering was keenly felt and A.M.I.M.I. (India) is the result.

AIM: The pattern introduced is providing Engineering Education at a diploma level. The professio diploma examination is termed as Associate member of "Institute of Motor Industry (India)" ie. AM

These supplementary Industries, which too are continuously upgrading themselves technologicall from air conditioners to car stereos to number plates are Letter etchings. Another important set o industries linked with the automobile are bearings range of chemicals, greases, additives and sea that keep the various part of the machine functioning smoothly, prolong the life of the vehicle or in its fuel efficiency.

Of course, machinery for making auto components themselves constitute an industry. Seating sys foams and machinery or handling material such as leather used for seat cushions are another con industry. Then there are a whole range of hand tools of differing sizes and precision that are used in the automobile assembly plants (which, however, are getting increasingly automatised or even robotised) or wielded by thousands of mechanics servicing operating vehicles, besides being offe buyers of vehicles in a small kit. Relatively new arrivals in the Indian scene linked to automobiles automatic garage doors and safety equipment.

The convertors, that are meant to combat pollution and also raise the fuel efficiency of vehicles, in two wheelers and cars, running on leaded petrol, as distinct from Catalytic convertors that are par new car which is run on unleaded petrol. These Convertors, based on MASER (microwave ampli through stimulated emission Radiation) technology, use base metals and hence are said to be hig cost-effective.

The ubiquitous computers are of course there, assisting in testing of part and components or in designing automobiles and its various internal structures. Last, but not the least, are financiers, an course, information systems, including journals and internet sites, that focus on the automobile.

No wonder States and Nations vie with each other to attract global automobile major as a strategy employment generation and wealth creation.

This Associate membership examination will be regarded as a qualification for a technician who is qualified by specialist technical education to work under the general direction of technologist who be a "Charter Engineering". The working professional who are passing the Associate Membership examination of this Institute are normally engaged in manufacture, service and maintenance of Automobiles, garaging equipments and systems at the designed performance level filling subordin posts in private sector, central and State Government services.

The Society intend to expand its activities in addition to the examination in the way of conducting meeting and conference to create awareness and remedy on the present day problems, such as pollution control, traffic rules and development, Road Safety and other related matters in collabora with Major Automobile Industries, Govt. sector and some International Organisation who are in th Automobile field by developing their contact through website. As first step the society circulating r Bulletin to all their members. Through bulletin it furnishes all the details latest development and In in the Automobile Industry.

Concept: Importance of AUTOMOBILE field: Accelerator of job generation

Any automobile-be it a car, a truck or a two-wheeler is obviously a mere assemblage of hundreds parts and components that ultimately impart to it the quality of locomotion.

These components, varying from the engine to fastners (nuts and bolts ofvarious sizes) are behin huge employment, especially in the medium and small sectors, that the automobile industry creat to mention thousands more by way of service centers and mechanic workshops. Industries, both domestic and foreign, such as special grade steel, paints and tyres, castings and forgings are increasingly even plastics, are major suppliers of auto plants and component units.

But the fact that a plethora of other industries, not immediately connected with the Technology of locomotion also thrive either fully or partly, on making supplies to the Automotive industry is obvio a glance.

As stated above, the Motor Industry is fast developing in India providing employment to several th of our youth. The working professional involved in these Automobile and its allied trade industries though they have much knowledge in practical, they have less opportunities to qualify themselves theory subjects.

Some of the major players in the Automobile sectors are Daewoo Motors, Hindustan Motors, Mar Mahindra and Mahindra, Bajaj Tempo, Hero Group, Eicher group are developing new models. Ind Exide, Mercedes Benz, TI Group, Fenner, Lucas India, TVS, Castrol, Atlas Copco, Pennzoil, Scho Sandt Ag, Ceat, Kirloskar Pneumatic, Ramon and Demm, Philips India, Manatic Sales, Union Mo Birlas, Hindustan Petroleum, Pentafour, are others in India.

Some of the ancillary products in the automobile sector other than its accelories are Lubricant pro shock absorbers, exhaust systems and struts, Corning, ceramic catalytic convertor substrator, die filters and small engine convertor, press, body and Paint shops, electronic fuel pumps, medium in melting and heating system, Compressors and related products.

HISTORY OF AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY

Though America did not invent the car, it soon dominated the industry worldwide. Innovators like Ford developed the first assembly line car production system in 1903, and in 1908 his famous Mo became the first affordable car for millions.

Few are aware that American cars also had a great impact on India and that an enterprising Ame had introduced India's first fleet of 50 taxis in Bombay way back in 1930. Before World War II, car mainly been the playthings of the Maharajas who preferred the elegant vehicles of Britain and Eu the practical cars of America.

India's first car assembly plant was, however, set up by General Motors in Bombay in 1943. It ini produced cars for the war efforts and their big Chevrolets were to soon become the best known c time. Ford followed soon after, but both found India's new industrial policies unacceptable and clo shop in 1949. In the 1950's Premier Automobiles produced Dodge cars and trucks for a few years

The next 25 years till 1984 were a Dark Age for the Indian car, and Hindustan Motors, Premier Automobiles, Standard Motors and Kaiser Corporation produced boring and unreliable Indian vers

the Morris, Fiat and Standard cars and Willys Jeeps.

The Government, inspired by visions of Gandhian simplicity and socialist egalitarianism, consider car a plaything of a slite, crippled it with restrictions and taxes and deprived the country of an indu now recognised as one of the greatest engines for Economic and employment growth.

During these years, America, however, remained one of the major sources of engineering and au technologies and many US companies went into joint ventures with Indian companies to produce range of automotive components like shock absorbers, gaskets, pistons, brake systems, tyres etc Goodyear set up India's first tyre plant in Calcutta in 1920. Firestone followed a few years later. T from international Harvester and Ford also made their marks.

In the early 1980's things began to change. Sanjay Gandhi loved cars and spurred the dream of t people's car for India. Japanese vehicles then stormed the market. Suzuki revolutionized Indian c its little Maruti 800 that was India's first modern car. It set new standards of convenience, reliability and fuel economy.

Motorcycles from Honda, Suzuki, Yamaha and Kawasaki then stirred the two-wheeler market and trucks for Nissan, Toyota and Mitsubishi reshaped the light transport sector.

Suzuki's partnership with the Maruti, a public sector company, also resulted in customer credit be available for the first time from nationalized banks and several credit agencies. American banks li Citibank and Bank of America soon took the lead and defined procedures that the industry was to

This belated hire/purchase facility contributed to a large expansion of market potential as Indian b could for the first time buy against their future incomes instead of having a rely on their meager sa alone.

The market began to stir and many US, European and Japanese companies began studying India market potential. A study team from Ford concluded that the over taxed Indian citizen was a poor customer without access to any bank or private finance. The study concluded that, as the Govern companies bought most new cars, there was no market to small cars but some potential for big on

The reform process that began in 1991 soon saw an invasion of potential investors from almost e automaker seriously examining the Indian market. Beyond Automotives

World vehicle production is expected to exceed 1.5 billion units by 2015. This is Equivalent to the number of vehicles produced in the history of the motor industry.

To cope with the huge rise in vehicle population, the existing production units will have to be expa and updated. At present, more than 1.4 billion tonnes of steel, metals, glass, rubber and plastics a the world's roads, all of which will be scrapped or recycled over the next 16 years.

In 1995, the US, Japan and Germany alone accounted for 50 percent of all vehicle sales and own whereas 74 per cent of global demand is in the developing nations, according to an export study.

The Indian Automotive Industry has been growing at an impressive rate of 50 percent in the last f years. The economic liberalisation has fuelled this market substantially, and the current concern o

automotive industry is to sustain this pace of growth.

Many new vehicles have successfully entered the Indian market and, with the increase in income of individuals, there is a possibility of a substantial rise in demand for luxury cars. Fierce Competition

The Indian automotive industry has by now emerged as one of the most vibrant sectors of the eco Competition has intensified with the setting up of several joint ventures. Many new cars manufact India have been introduced in the market, and more are expected to join the hand shortly. An inte development competition in the industry is the emergence of segmentation, particularly in the pas car sector, which is currently witnessing greater influx of leading players, with the entry of Genera Motors, Peugeot, Fiat, Ford Motors, Suzuki, Hyundai and others. The middle segment is the focus increased attention.

Heavy vehicles segment: In the commercial vehicles segment, the shift is towards Medium, heavy specialised vehicles e.g. those manufacturers for courier and catering services. Segmentation ca be attribute to growth in consumer goods markets which dictates preference for certain type of ve

On the export front, the industry recorded a Fifteen percent growth in 2003-04 over that of 2002-0 Passenger cars registered a 35 percent growth in the first quarter over the corresponding period i previous financial year.

The market potential in India is enormous, that at the current and projected rates of production, In be in a position to produce and sell 8 to 9 Lakhs cars alone by 2006 A.D. This explains why auto like Renault, Valvo, Toyota, and Dahatsu are ready to enter the Indian scene with their massive investment plans. The ancillaries and accessories segment too remains active and kicking, as evi the investment proposals formulated by International specialist. Reports have it that Korean, Japa and American auto components and auto accessories manufacturers have got their plans ready t in investments worth Rs. 2800 crores at the Irungattukottai Industrial park developed by SIPCOT Chennai.

Small car era in India: A small family car fit for the middle and lower middle class. The Automob giants-Telco, Hyundai and Daewoo-have already started their small car production. Hyundai's production and Sales reached more than 1,00,000 in the shorter period. W Telco's Mint and Daewoo Matiz already hit the Indian roads. All the three companies confident enough of successfully marketing their respective vehicles in a market tha to hot op in the coming and later years. Industry Commitment

Thus the automotive sector is geared to meet expectations and a commitment for the future, aimi seven per cent plus growth in GDP, and has directed its efforts towards industrialisation, technolo upgradation, employment generation, safety enhancement and greater customer satisfaction. Installed capacities in Indian Automobile Industry

Industry experts aware that Asia will develop into the world's biggest automobile Market by 2005 annual sales of 10 million vehicles. In India alone, the demand for Automobile will rise from 400,0 about 1.5 million vehicles by 2001.

I. Vehicles having four or more wheels such as light, medium and heavy vehicles multi-utility vehi and passenger cars.