I 2.51 E Rt Procedure

Inspection and Testing Department

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Radiographic Examination Procedure

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S&Q MART PROCEDURE I-2.51-E

RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

Prepared, Reviewed and Approved by NDT Level III

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Inspection and Testing Department

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Radiographic Examination Procedure

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CONTENTS Page 1.

AIM

3

2.

SCOPE

3

3.

REFERENCES

3

4.

PERSONNEL QUALIFICATIONS

3

5.

DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

3

6.

RESPONSIBILITIES

4

7.

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

4

8.

DENSITOMETER

10

9.

RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE

11

10.

RADIOGRAPHIC COVERAGE

12

11.

SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT

12

12.

DOCUMENTATION

12

13.

ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

13

14.

REPAIR

15

Prepared, Reviewed and Approved by NDT Level III

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1.

AIM

1.1.

The aim of this procedure is to define the requirements of performing radiography in safe and controlled manner by highly qualified personnel using X-Ray or GammaRay equipment.

2.

SCOPE This procedure defines the technique, equipment and consumable of radiographic examination of welds in ASME Code Works.

3.

REFERENCES

3.1.

ASME ASME ASME ASME

4.

PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION

4.1.

All personnel to carry out radiographic examination shall be qualified and certified according to S&Q MART Written Practice for NDT Personnel Certification based on SNT-TC-1A (Code accepted Edition). For acceptance evaluation, Level II shall have the minimum requirement. If PED 97/23/EC is applicable than supplemental qualifications shall required to comply with PED.

5. 5.1.

DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS Activity: One of the organizational elements of agency of the S&Q MART.

5.2.

Approval: Requires dated signature by the approving person.

5.3.

ASME : American Society of Mechanical Engineers

5.4.

ASME CODE : The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section I, Section VIII Division I & 2, Section V and Section IX, ASME B 31.1 and Section II (A,B,C,D).

5.5.

ASNT : American Society of Nondestructive Inspection Testing

5.6.

Authorized Inspection Agency: An inspection organization which provides code inspections. Such Authorized Inspection Agency shall have a valid service agreement for code inspection with stamp holder and shall be accredited by ASME.

5.7.

Authorized Inspector: The Authorized Inspector is employed by the Authorized Inspection Agency and is the independent third-party inspector required by the ASME Code. The Authorized Inspector shall hold a valid National Board Commission, issued by the National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors,

Section V Article 2 (2007 Edition 2008 Addenda) Section I (2007 Edition 2008 Addenda) Section VIII Div. 1 (2007 Edition 2008 Addenda) B31.1 (2007 Edition, 2008 Addenda)

Prepared, Reviewed and Approved by NDT Level III

Radiographic Examination Power Boilers Pressure Vessel Power Piping

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Radiographic Examination Procedure

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with an A endorsement. 5.8

Certification: Written testimony of qualification

5.9

Certifying Authority: The person or persons properly designated in the written practice to sign certification on behalf of the employer

5.10.

Code Work: All activities necessary to construct Code products, including design, procurement, material control, fabrication, site construction, examination, test, inspection, certification and Code stamping.

5.11. 5.12.

S&Q MART: S&Q MART Kalite Güvenlik A.Ş. Documented: The condition of being in written form.

5.13.

Evaluation: The determination of the significance of relevant indications.

5.14.

Interpretation: The determination of whether indications are relevant or nonrelevant.

5.15.

Method: One of the disciplines of Nondestructive Inspection or testing (e.g. radiography) within which different techniques exist.

5.16.

Procedure: A detailed, written instruction for conducting NDI or NDT or certifying personnel. All procedures shall be approved by a Level III.

5.17.

ABBREVATIONS     

AI : Authorized Inspector AIA : Authorized Inspector Agency AIS : Authorized Inspector Supervisor QC : Quality Control TIM : Testing and Inspection Department Manager

6.

RESPONSIBILITIES

6.1.

Level III shall be responsible for preparing, revising this procedure whenever code or addenda revision requires.

6.2.

Level III shall be responsible for reviewing and approving the procedure and ensuring the safety of radiographic operations.

6.3.

RT Level II shall be responsible for supervising the radiographers and interpreting the radiographs and submit the reports to TIM.

6.4.

Radiographers are responsible for:    

Producing quality radiographs described in this procedure, Follow local safety regulations, Constantly monitor the radiographic operations during exposure, Report all incidents or accidents to TIM.

7.

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

7.1.

SURFACE PREPARATION

7.1.1.

In general, radiography may be performed in the as welded condition. Prepared, Reviewed and Approved by NDT Level III

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However, if surface conditions such as ripples or other irregularities on the inside and outside of the welds interfere with the radiographic image, they shall be removed by a suitable mechanical process to such a degree that the resultant radiographic image not mask or be confused with the relevant discontinuities. 7.1.2

Material types radiographed by this procedure may be Carbon Steel or Stainless Steel in all shapes.

7.1.3

Thickness range for the procedure is 2, 5 - 40 mm.

7.1.4

Source-to-object distance range for this procedure shall be 100 - 2500 mm.

7.1.5

From the source side of the object to film distance shall be between 2,5 - 89 mm.

7.2.

EQUIPMENT

7.2.1.

X-Ray and Gamma-Ray (Ir-192) equipment may be used provided that the required radiographic sensitivity has been obtained.

7.2.2

Whenever Ir-192 utilized for radiography, maximum source size shall not exceed 3x3 mm. Sources less than this size may be used without prior approval. For X-ray radiography, maximum kV used shall not exceed 300.

7.3

FİLM

7.3.1.

ASTM Class I (or Class II films may be used for heavy wall application like WT≥40 mm) as recorded in 7.3.2 conforming ASME Sec. V SE-1815 (E-1815) shall be used.

7.3.2.

One of the following films may be used for radiography:

Film Class & Type Class I Extra Fine Class I Fine AGFA D4 D5 FUJI IX50 IX80 KODAK MX125 T200 INTENSIFYING SCREENS Manufacturer

7.4. 7.4.1.

Lead foil intensifying screens shall be used unless it is restricted by radiographic technique. Fluorescent screen are not permitted to use in this procedure applications.

7.4.2.

Thickness of the lead intensifying screens shall be as follows: Front: 0,30 mm, Back: 0,30 mm

7.4.3.

Surfaces of intensifying screens shall be clean and free of scratches, crimps, dents or other defects or foreign material that may interfere with the intensification Prepared, Reviewed and Approved by NDT Level III

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process or be projected as a radiographic image on the film. 7.4.4.

Pre packed films containing thinner lead intensifying screens or cassettes prepared by pre-packed film screens may be used.

7.5.

IMAGE QUALITY INDICATORS (IQIs) (TABLE-1 and TABLE-2)

7.5.1.

To show the radiographic technique employed satisfies the required sensitivity, image quality indicators, either hole or wire type, shall be used. The radiographic quality level shall be evaluated by the image of a properly located penetrameter on the specimen and essential hole or wire clearly visible along the interested area.

7.5.2.

Unless otherwise defined in applicable codes, the quality level shall not be less than 2% of the thinner side of the base material.

7.5.3.

When the type of penetrameter is not specified in the contract, ASTM E747 wire type penetrameter shall be used in accordance with the requirements of TABLE-1 AND TABLE-2 of this procedure (ASME Section-V Table-T276). Thickness ranges and the ASTM IQI Set should be as recorded below and in Table-1:

 9.5 mm, ASTM E 747 Set A For material thicknesses >9.5 mm and  50.8 mm, ASTM E 747 Set B

 For material thicknesses 

7.5.4. The thickness, on which the penetrameter is based, for welds, is the nominal single wall thickness plus the reinforcement permitted by the referencing Code Section. Backing rings or strips are not to be considered as part of the weld reinforcement thickness in penetrameter selection. 7.5.5.

NUMBER OF IQIs When one or more film holders are used for an exposure, at least one penetrameter image shall appear on each radiograph except as outlined in (b) below. a) Multiple Penetrameters: If the requirements of 6.6 are met by using more than one penetrameter, one shall be representative of the lightest area of interest and the other the darkest area of interest; the intervening densities on the radiograph shall be considered as having acceptable density. b) For cylindrical components where the source is placed on the axis of the component for a single exposure, at least three penetrameters, spaced approximately 120 deg. Apart, are required under the following conditions:   

7.5.6.

When the complete circumference is radiographed using one or more radiograph, When section or sections of circumference, where the length between the ends of the outermost sections span 240 or more, is radiographed using one or more film holders. For other cases not stated in this procedure for number of penetrameters shall be as described in ASME-V Article-2 T277.2.

Placement of IQIs shall be as one of the following: Prepared, Reviewed and Approved by NDT Level III

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a) Source side IQIs: The penetrameter(s) shall be placed on the source side of the part being examined, except for the condition described in (b). b) Film Side IQIs: Where inaccessibility prevents hand placing the penetrameter(s) on the source side, the penetrameter(s) shall be placed on the film side in contact with the part being examined. A lead letter “F” shall be placed adjacent to the penetrameter(s). c) The penetrameter(s) shall be placed on the weld so that the length of the wires is perpendicular to the length of the weld. The identification numbers and, when used, the lead letter “F,” shall not be in the area of interest, except when geometric configuration makes it impractical. Remote from the junction with the circumferential weld being radiographed. d) For other cases not stated in this procedure for placement penetrameters shall be as described in ASME-V Article-2 T277.1

of

of

7.6.

RADIOGRAPHIC DENSITY

7.6.1.

The transmitted film density through the radiographic image of the adjacent to the designated wire of a wire penetrameter and the area of interest shall be 1.8 minimum for single film viewing for radiographs made with an X-ray source and 2.0 minimum for radiographs made with a gamma ray source. For composite viewing of multiple film exposures, each film of the composite set shall have a minimum density of 1.3. The maximum density shall be 4.0 for either single or composite viewing. A tolerance of 0.05 in density is allowed for variations between densitometer readings.

7.6.2.

If the density of the radiograph anywhere through the area of interest varies by more than minus 15% or plus 30% from the density through the body of the hole penetrameter or adjacent to the designated wire of a wire penetrameter, within the minimum/ maximum allowable density ranges specified in 7.6.1, then an additional penetrameter shall be used for each exceptional area or areas and the radiograph retaken. When calculating the allowable variation in density, the calculation may be rounded to the nearest 0.1 within the range specified in 7.6.1.

7.7.

GEOMETRIC UNSHARPNESS

7.7.1.

Geometric unsharpness of radiographs performed by this specification shall be determined as specified in ASTM E-94 and shall not exceed the following: Material Thickness Under 50.8mm (2") 50.8mm (2”) through 76.2mm (3”) Over 3" 76.2mm through 4" (101.6mm) Over 101.6mm (4”) and up

Ug Maximum 0.51mm (0.020") 0.76mm (0.030") 1.02mm (0.040") 1.78mm (0.070")

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NOTE: Material thickness is the thickness on which the IQI is based.

7.7.2.

Geometric unsharpness of the radiographs shall be figured out in accordance with the following formula: Ug = Fd/D

where:

Ug = geometric unsharpness F = source size,mm: the maximum projected dimension of the radiating source (or focal spot) in the plane perpendicular to the distance D from the weld or object being radiographed D = distance, mm: from source of radiation to weld or object being radiographed d = distance, mm: from the source side of weld or object being radiographed to the film NOTE: D and d must be in the same units of measure; the units of Ug will be in the same units as F*.

7.8.

Verification of Source Size (radiographic isotopes) - The equipment manufacturer's or supplier's publications such as technical manuals, decay curves, or written statements documenting the actual or maximum source size or focal spot shall be accepted as source size verification.

7.9.

Direction of Radiation - The direction of central beam of radiation should be centered on the area of interest whenever practical. For weldments, direct the central beam of radiation perpendicularly toward the center of the effective area of the film or to a plane tangent to the center of the film except for double-wall exposure/double-wall viewing elliptical-projection techniques described in 8.0.

7.10.

BACK-SCATTER RADIATION

7.10.1. To check back-scattered radiation, an exposure with a lead symbol "B" with minimum dimensions of 1/2" (13.0 mm) in height and 1/16" (1.5 mm) in thickness shall be attached to the back of each film holder. If a light image of the "B" appears on a darker background of the radiograph, protection from back scatter is insufficient and the radiograph shall be considered unacceptable. Additional back scatter protection shall be added and the exposure reshot. A darker image of the "B" on a lighter background is not cause for rejection unless the dark image could mask or be confused with rejectable defects. 7.11.

LOCATION MARKERS Location markers (ASME V, Article 2, Figure T-275) which are to appear as radiographic images on the film, shall be placed on the part not on the exposure holder (film) /cassette. Their locations shall be marked on the surface of the part being radiographed or on a map, in a manner permitting the area of interest on a radiograph to be accurately located on the part. Evidence shall also be provided on the radiograph that the required coverage of the region being examined has been obtained.

7.11.1

Single Wall Viewing/Source Side Markers - Location markers shall be placed on the source side when radiographing the following: Prepared, Reviewed and Approved by NDT Level III

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 Flat components or longitudinal joints in cylindrical or conical components and flat or cylindrical castings. Curved or spherical components whose concave side is toward the source and when the "Source to-material distance" is less than the inside radius of the component/casting. Curved or spherical components whose convex side is toward the source. 7.11.2

Single Wall Viewing/Film Side Markers - Location markers shall be placed on the film side when radiographing either curved or spherical components/castings whose concave side is toward the source and when the "source-to-material" distance is greater than the inside radius.

7.11.3

Single Wall Viewing/Either Side Markers - Location markers may be placed on either source side or film side when radiographing either curved or spherical components whose concave side is toward the source and the "source-to-material" distance equals the inside radius of the component.

7.11.4. Double-Wall Viewing - For double-wall viewing of welds, at least one location marker shall be placed on the outside surface adjacent to the weld (or on the material in the area of interests) for each radiograph. 7.11.5. For other cases not stated in this procedure for location markers shall be as described in ASME-V Article-2 T275. 7.12.

FILM IDENTIFICATION

7.12.1. All radiographs shall be clearly identified by number, letters, and/or markers so that the part can be quickly and accurately located. Actual identification shall be produced through the use of lead letters and numbers or by a light flashing technique. The radiograph shall be traceable to the component, contract, etc. All identification system does not necessarily require that the information appear as radiographic images. As a minimum each film shall have the following information as shown below and in Figure 3: -Manufacturer’s symbol or name -Isometric drawing no (piping) -Line no (piping) -Weld no -Welder no -Size/diameter and thickness/schedule -Date

7.13.

QUALITY OF RADIOGRAPHS AND PROCESSING

7.13.1. The radiographic technique shall be such that sufficient sensitivity is achieved to show the identification, location markers, penetrameter designated wire or a set of wire as essential indicators of radiographic image quality. All radiographs shall be free from mechanical, chemical, or other artifacts to the extent that they cannot mask or be confused with the image of any discontinuity in the area of interest of Prepared, Reviewed and Approved by NDT Level III

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the object being radiographed. Such artifacts include, but are not limited to: - Fogging - Processing Defects (such as streaks, water marks, or chemical stains) - Scratches, Finger Marks, Crimps, Dirtiness, Static Marks, Smudges, or Tears - Loss of Detail Due to Poor Screen-to-Film Contact - False Indications Due to Defective Screens or Internal Faults

7.13.2. The procedure for processing film shall be performed in manual tanks or in an automatic film processor. 7.14.

VIEWING ROOM

7.14.1. Viewing facilities shall provide subdued background lighting of an intensity that will not cause troublesome reflections, shadows, or glare on the radiograph. The environment of a film reading area shall be clean and pleasant. The radiographer must be aware of the various factors, which may influence the evaluation of the radiographic film. Some of these factors are; density of the film, artifacts on films as a result of handling and processing, level of illumination for film viewing, response of human eye to variations of light intensity and the acuity of vision. 7.15.

FILM VIEWER

7.15.1. Film viewer used to evaluate the films shall have the following characteristics: a) It shall provide a variable controlled intensity light source that allows the selection of the optimum illumination to read radiographs having densities up to 4 H & D b) It shall have a cooling system to protect radiographs from heat damage proceeding from the illuminating instrument. Film emulsions shall not be damaged minimum 1 minute of continuous contact with the viewing surface. c) It shall include apertures for evaluation of reduced areas. 8.

DENSITOMETER

8.1.

Densitometer is photoelectric equipment, which measures the radiographic film density, should be capable of measuring the light emitted through a radiographic film within a density range of 0 to 4 H & D with an accuracy of  0.05.

8.2.

CALIBRATION

8.2.1.

Densitometer shall be calibrated every 90 days.

8.2.2.

TIM shall be responsible for densitometer calibration.

8.2.3.

Allow a minimum of 5 minutes "warm-up" time (or manufacturer's recommendations) to stabilize circuitry before starting the calibration.

8.2.4.

“Zero” the densitometer after warm up period. Prepared, Reviewed and Approved by NDT Level III

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8.2.5.

Select and position for reading the neutral density steps closest to 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 on the calibrated step tablet, or the step wedge. Measure and record the densities.

8.2.6.

The densitometer shall be accepted if the density readings do not vary more than ± 0.05 density units from the actual density stated on the calibrated step tablet or step wedge calibration film.

8.2.7.

The readings shall be recorded on the densitometer calibration log book shown in Exibit-2 and a calibration sticker shall be attached as shown in Exibit-3. A Calibration Sticker, which indicates calibration date and calibration due date, shall be attached to the densitometer.

8.2.8.

The step wedge calibration film shall have been verified within the last year or within the time shown in product certificate by comparison with a national standard step tablet. Step wedge calibration films may be used without verification for one year upon opening, provided it is within the manufacturer’s stated shelf life.

8.2.9.

Periodic verification readings performed beginning each shift and every 8 hours of continuous use do not have to be recorded.

9.

RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE (FIGURE-1 & FIGURE-2)

9.1.

Regardless of the configuration of the material, a single wall technique shall be used whenever practical. When it is not practical to use a single wall technique, a double wall technique shall be used. An adequate number of exposures shall be made to demonstrate that the required coverage has been obtained.

9.2.

Single-Wall Technique (SWE/SWV) - In the single wall technique radiation passes through only one wall of the material that is viewed for acceptance on the radiograph. Single-wall viewing for materials/castings/weldments with a nominal outside diameter greater than 89 mm (3 ½”) shall have an adequate number of exposures to ensure 100 percent coverage.

9.3.

Double-Wall Technique - When it is not practical to use a single wall technique, one of the following double-wall techniques shall be used: a) Single-Wall Viewing (DWE/SWV) - For materials and welds in components, a technique may be used in which the radiation passes through two walls and only the weld/castings (material) on the film side are viewed for acceptance. An adequate number of exposures shall be made to demonstrate that the required coverage has been obtained. When complete coverage is required for circumferential welds, a minimum of three exposures taken 120 degrees to each other shall be made. Prepared, Reviewed and Approved by NDT Level III

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b) Double-Wall Viewing (DWE/DWV)- For materials and welds in components 31/2" (89.90 mm) or less in nominal outside diameter a technique may be used in which the radiation passes through two walls and the weld in both wall is viewed for acceptance on the same radiograph. For double-wall viewing, only a source side penetrameter shall be used. c) If geometric unsharpness requirement cannot be met, then single-wall viewing shall be used. d) For welds, the radiation beam may be offset from the plane of the weld at an angle sufficient to separate the images of the source side and film side portions of the weld so that there is no overlap of the areas to be interpreted. When complete coverage is required, a minimum of two exposures taken 90 degrees to each other shall be made for each joint. e) As an alternative, the weld may be radiographed with the radiation beam positioned so that the images of both walls are superimposed. When complete coverage is required, a minimum of three exposures taken at either 60 degrees or 120 degrees to each other shall be made for each joint. f) Additional exposure shall be made if the required radiographic coverage cannot be obtained using the minimum number of exposures indicated in d or e above. 10.

RADIOGRAPHIC COVERAGE

10.1.

The extent of radiographic coverage shall be 100% of the volume of the weld unless otherwise stated by the client.

10.2.

Film will overlap a minimum of 25 mm.

11.

SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT

11.1.

Federal, state and local Radiation Protection rules and regulations shall be satisfied before, during and after a radiographic operation.

11.2.

If no regulation available, a 7.5 µSv/h for radiographic inspection personnel and a 1.0 µSv/h for ordinary people not working in radiography distances shall be barricaded and monitored throughout the radiographic process.

11.3.

Radiation survey meters, audible warning devices, Film Dosimeters and/or TLDs together with Direct Reading Dosimeters shall be used by all radiographic inspection personnel.

11.4.

The control of any waste associated with the use of this procedure or any hazards to the environment shall be monitored according to legal requirements by TIM. Prepared, Reviewed and Approved by NDT Level III

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Safety and Operating procedures used shall conform to the latest local regulations. 12.

DOCUMENTATION

12.1.

The interpretation and evaluation of each film shall be recorded on a radiographic inspection report form (Exibit-1) that is completed and signed by the certified Level II or Level III personnel. The radiographic technique details shall be prepared and documented. As a minimum, the following information shall be provided: -

identification, e.g., job/contract no and heat no (if applicable) the dimensional map (if used) of marker placement in accordance with ASME Section V, Article 2, T-275.3 number of radiographs (exposures) x-ray voltage or isotope type used x-ray machine focal spot size or isotope physical sources size base material type and thickness, weld thickness, weld reinforcement thickness, as applicable source to object distance Source side of the object to film distance film manufacturer and Manufacturer’s type/designation number of film in each film holder/cassette single or double wall exposure single or double wall viewing

12.2.

A radiograph review form shall be prepared. As a minimum, the following information shall be provided: a listing of each radiograph’s location the information required in 12.1, by inclusion or reference evaluation and disposition of the material(s) or weld(s) examined identification of the person who performed the final acceptance of the radiographs date of evaluation

13.

ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

13.1.

ASME Section-VIII Division-1 (UW-51 & UW-52) (1) Any indication characterized as a crack or zone of incomplete fusion or penetration. (2) For full examination, any other elongated indication on the radiograph which has length greater than: ¼ inch (6 mm) for “t” up to ¾ inch (19 mm) 1/3 t for “t” from ¾ inch (19 mm) to 2 ¼ inch (57 mm) inclusive ¾ inch (19 mm) for “t” over 2 ¼ inch (57 mm) t: The thickness of the weld excluding any allowable reinforcement. For a butt weld joining two members having different thicknesses at weld, “t” is the thinner of these two thicknesses. If a full penetration weld includes a fillet weld, the thickness of the throat of the fillet shall be included in “t”.

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(3) For full examination, any group of aligned indications that have an aggregate length greater than “t” in a length of 12 “t”, except when the distance between the successive imperfections exceed 6L where “L” is the length of the longest imperfection in the group. (4) For spot examination, slag inclusions or cavities shall be unacceptable if greater than 2/3t where “t” is the thickness of the weld excluding any allowable reinforcement. If several indications within the above limitation exist in line, the weld shall be judged acceptable if the sum of the longest dimensions of all such indications is not more than “t” in a length of 6t (or proportionately for radiographs shorter than 6t) and if the longest indications considered are separated by at least 3L of acceptable weld metal where “L” is the length of the longest indication. The maximum length of acceptable indications shall be ¾ in. (19 mm). Any indication shorter than ¼ in. (6 mm) shall be acceptable for any plate thickness. (5) Rounded indication in excess of that specified by the acceptance standards given in App.-4. (6) For spot examination rounded indications are not a factor in the acceptability of the welds. 13.2.

ASME Section-1 (PW-51) Radiographic examination shall be performed in accordance with article 2 of ASME Section V, except that the requirements of T-285 are to be used as a guide but not for the rejection of radiographs unless the geometrical unsharpness exceeds 0.07 in. (1.78 mm) (1) Any indication characterized as a crack or zone of incomplete fusion or penetration. (2) Any other elongated indication on the radiograph, which has length greater than: ¼ inch (6 mm) for “t” up to ¾ inch (19 mm) 1/3 t for “t” from ¾ inch (19 mm) to 2 ¼ inch (57 mm) inclusive. ¾ inch (19 mm) for “t” over 2 ¼ inch (57 mm) where “t” is the thickness of the weld. (3) Any group of aligned indications that have an aggregate length greater than “t” in a length of 12t, except when the distance between the successive imperfections exceed 6L where “L” is the length of the longest imperfection in the group. 4) Rounded indication in excess of that specified by the acceptance standards given in Appendix A-250 ASME Section 1.

13.3.

ASME B31.1 (136.4.5) Prepared, Reviewed and Approved by NDT Level III

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Radiographic examination shall be performed in accordance with Article 2 of Section 5 of ASME Section V, except that the requirements of T-285 are to be used as guide but not for the rejection of radiographs unless the geometrical unsharpness exceeds 0.07 in. (2.0 mm). (1) Any type of crack or zone of incomplete fusion or penetration. (2) Any other elongated indication, which has a length greater than: ¼ inch (6.0 mm) for “t” up to ¾ inch (19 mm) 1/3 t for “t” from ¾ inch (19 mm) to 2 ¼ inch (57 mm) inclusive. ¾ inch (19 mm) for “t” over 2 ¼ inch (57 mm) where “t” is the thickness of the thinner portion of the weld. (3) Any group of indications in line that have an aggregate length greater than “t” in a length of 12t, except where the distance between the successive indications exceed 6L where “L” is the longest indications in the group. (4) Porosity in excess of that shown in Appendix A-250 of ASME Section 1 is unacceptable. (5) Root concavity when there is an abrupt change in density as indicated on the radiograph. 14.

REPAIR

14.1.

Radiography of repairs shall be performed by same technique used during the original exposure.

Prepared, Reviewed and Approved by NDT Level III

Inspection and Testing Department

S&Q MART

Radiographic Examination Procedure

Belge Sayfa 16 / 20 Tarih Revizyon

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Source – Weld Film Arrangement End View

Side View

IQI Selection

Exposure Arrangement – A

Any

SingleWall T-271.1

T-276 and Table T-276

Single-Wall

Position Source Side T-277.1 (a)

Location Marker Placement

Radiograph Viewing

O.D

Exposure Technique

FIGURE 1 SINGLE WALL TECHNIQUES

Either Side T-275.3 T275.1 (c)

Film Side T-277.1 (b)

Source Side T-277.1 (a)

Exposure Arrangement - B

Any

SingleWall T-271.1

T-276 and Table T-276

Single-Wall

Film Side T-275.1 (b) (1) Film Side T-277.1 (b)

Prepared, Reviewed and Approved by NDT Level III

Inspection and Testing Department

S&Q MART

Radiographic Examination Procedure

Belge Sayfa 17 / 20 Tarih Revizyon

Any

: 09.08.10 :0

Source Side T-277.1 (a)

Exposure Arrangement - C

SingleWall T-271.1

: NDT-PR-01 : 17 / 20:

Source Side T-275.1 (a) (3)

T-276 and Table T-276

Single-Wall

Film Side T-277.1 (b)

Her çap

Her çap

120 to each other for complete coverage

120 to each other for complete coverage

Side View

Selection

Position

Source Side T-277.1 (a) Film Side T-275.3 T-275.1 (b)(1)

T-276 and Table T-276

Single Wall

Film Side T-277.1 (b)

Exposure Arrangement –E

DoubleWall: T-271.2 (a) At least three exposures

End View

IQI

Exposure Arrangement – D

DoubleWall: T-271.2 (a) At least three exposures

Source – Weld Film Arrangement

Location Marker Placement

Radiograph Viewing

O.D

Exposure Technique

FIGURE 2 DOUBLE WALL TECHNIQUES

Source Side T-277.1 (a)

T-276 and Table T-276

Singel Wall

Film Side T-275.1 (b)(1)

Film Side T-277.1 (b)

Prepared, Reviewed and Approved by NDT Level III

Inspection and Testing Department

S&Q MART

3½” (88 mm) veya daha küçük

3½” (88 mm) veya daha küçük

Double Wall T-271.2 (b) (1) At least two exposures

90 to each other for complete coverage

DoubleWall: T-271.2 (b) (2) At least three exposures

90 or 120 to each other for complete coverage

Radiographic Examination Procedure

Belge Sayfa 18 / 20 Tarih Revizyon

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Exposure Arrangement - F

Double Wall (Elipse) Read Off-Set source side and film side images

T-276 and Table T-276

Source Side

T-276 and Table T-276

Source Side

T-277.1 (a)

Either Side T-275.2

Exposure Arrangement – G

Double Wall Read Superimpozed source side and film side images

NOMINAL SINGLE WALL MATERIAL THICKNESS RANGE Up to 6.4 mm, incl. Over 6.4 mm through 9.5 mm Over 9.5 mm through 12.7 mm Over 12.7 mm through 19.0 mm Over 19.0 mm through 25.4 mm Over 25.4 mm through 38.1 mm Over 38.1 mm through 50.8 mm Over 50.8 mm through 63.5 mm Over 63.5 mm through 101.6 mm

SOURCE SIDE ESSENTIAL WIRE 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

T-277.1 (a)

Either Side T-275.2

FILM SIDE ESSENTIAL WIRE 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

TABLE-1. IQI SELECTION Set A Wire Diam. mm Wire Identity 0.08 1 0.10 2 0.13 3 0.16 4 0.20 5 0.25 6

Set B Wire Diam. mm Wire Identity 0.25 6 0.33 7 0.41 8 0.51 9 0.64 10 0.81 11

Set C Wire Diam. mm Wire Identity 0.81 11 1.02 12 1.27 13 1.60 14 2.03 15 2.54 16

TABLE-2. WIRE IQI DESIGNATION, WIRE DIAMTER AND WIRE IDENTITY Prepared, Reviewed and Approved by NDT Level III

Inspection and Testing Department

Radiographic Examination Procedure

S&Q MART

Belge Sayfa 19 / 20 Tarih Revizyon

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ASTM PENETRAMETER 1B 11 *F WELD NO / WELDER   W 5 / RK

Drawing No or Equip ID OR Item No   S&Q MART 1B LP-04

W E L D SEAM

(**) 0 DATE  06 02 2009

5

10

Size/Diameter and Thickness/Schedule  8” – 8.18

15

20

25

BACK SCATTER ID.  B

(*F): When the penetrameter is on the film side. (**) Marker locations may be either side of the weld if part configuration does not permit as shown above.

FIGURE-3: FILM IDENTIFICATION

Hereby we certify that this procedure has been demonstrated to the satisfaction of the AI, and it is capable of detecting discontinuities under the conditions defined in the procedure.

_________________________ TIM

___________________________ Date

Prepared, Reviewed and Approved by NDT Level III

Inspection and Testing Department

S&Q MART

Radiographic Examination Procedure

Annex 1: Radiographic Examination Report Annex 2: Densitometer Calibration Logbook Annex 3: Calibration Sticker

Prepared, Reviewed and Approved by NDT Level III

Belge Sayfa 20 / 20 Tarih Revizyon

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