I-2.52-e Ultrasonic Procedure

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Ultrasonic Testing Procedure

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AIM--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 SCOPE----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 DEFINITIONS-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 REFERENCES------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 RESPONSIBILITIES and PERSONNEL----------------------------------------------------------------3 GENERAL------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4

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Ultrasonic Testing Procedure

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AIM

The purpose of this procedure is to provide a system of general conditions and specific instructions as an aid to personnel required performing ultrasonic examination of full penetration welds.

2

SCOPE

This procedure describes the testing techniques to be used to perform ultrasonic examination of materials and full penetration welds and the acceptance criteria.

3

3.1

DEFINITIONS ASME

American Society of Mechanical Engineers

3.2

ASME Codes

The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section I & II Part A, B, C, D; Section-V; Section VIII Division 1, Section IX, ASME B 31.1.

3.3

Examination

The observation of any operation performed on materials and/or components to determine its acceptability in accordance with given criteria.

3.4

Technique

A technique is a specific way of utilizing a particular NDE method.

3.5

The other

The other standard definition of terms relating to Ultrasonic Examination is defined in ASME V Article 5 Mandatory Appendix III.

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Ultrasonic Testing Procedure

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REFERENCES

ASME Section V Article 4 and 5

Ultrasonic Examination of Welds and

ASME ASME ASME ASME

Materials Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels Rules for Construction of Power Boilers Materials Power Piping

5 5.1

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Section VIII Div. 1 Section I Section II Part A, B, C, D B31.1

RESPONSIBILITIES and PERSONNEL Inspection and Testing Department Manager shall be responsible for the execution of this procedure. NDT Level III shall be responsible for preparation and revision of this procedure.

5.2

The users of this procedure is Inspection and Testing Department personnel who has required qualification and certification

5.3

NDT personnel who will be apply Ultrasonic Examination shall be qualified as described in section 6.1 below

5.4

Ultrasonic Examination shall only be performed by qualified personnel who is level I, Level II or Level III as S&Q Mart Written Practice (NDT Personnel Qualification & Certification Procedure, I-5.11). If PED 97/23/EC is applicable than supplemental qualifications shall required to comply with PED.

5.5

Ultrasonic examination shall be carried out by at least Ultrasonic examination Level I persons.

5.6

Evaluation of the indications shall be carried out by at least Ultrasonic examination Level II persons. Prepared, Reviewed and Approved by NDT Level III

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Ultrasonic Testing Procedure

GENERAL

5.0 RESPONSIBILITIES 5.0 RESPONSIBILITIES

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6.1

Ultrasonic Testing Procedure

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Surface Preparation

The weld surface may be in as welded condition. If the weld surface interferes with the examination, the weld shall be conditioned as needed to permit examination. The contact surface is to be free of any irregularities such as notches, loose scale, weld spatter, tool marks and any other substance which may impede the free movement of the probe or hinder the transmission of ultrasound to the material. A light grinding of the surface may be necessary. Grinding of the weld can be necessary if its form is such that it masks reflections from defects near the weld or gives signals, which makes examination impossible. The weld surface may be in as welded condition if the coupling with the probe is assured. 6.2

Equipment and Material

6.2.1 Ultrasonic Equipment Frequency: The ultrasonic apparatus is to cover a frequency range of at least 1.0 – 6.0 MHz. It must be possible to measure all possible echo amplitudes within the equipment sensitivity range employed to an accuracy of  2 dB, using an attenuator calibrated in dB. The ultrasonic apparatus is to be equipped with a flat screen extending to the front of the apparatus so that a reference curve can be drawn directly on the screen. The ultrasonic apparatus must be able to work with both combined and separated transmitter and receiver probe. The examination ranges selectable on the equipment must overlap. It must be possible to adjust the time base continuously within each individual range and the deviation from the linearity of the test range must be less than 2%. Screen Height Linearity: The ultrasonic instrument shall provide vertical linearity within 5% of the full screen height for at least 80% of the calibrated screen height  (base line to maximum calibrated screen point). The evaluation of vertical linearity shall be performed at the beginning of each period of extended use (or every 3 months, whichever is less). Prepared, Reviewed and Approved by NDT Level III

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The procedure for evaluating screen height linearity is provided in Ultrasonic Instrument Calibration Procedure. Amplitude Control Linearity: The ultrasonic instrument shall utilise an amplitude control accurate over its useful range to 20% of the nominal amplitude ratio, to allow measurement of indications beyond the linear range of the vertical display on the screen. The procedure for evaluation of amplitude control linearity shall be performed at the beginning of each period of extended use (or every 3 months, whichever is less). The procedure for evaluating amplitude control linearity is provided in Ultrasonic Instrument 6.2.2 Calibration Procedure 6.2.2.1Probes Normal probes, which are utilised, are to cover a frequency range of 2.0 - 5.0 MHz. Typical values are 2.0 MHz, 4.0 MHz and 5.0 MHz. Maximum crystal diameters shall be 24 mm The angle beam probes, which are used, are to cover a frequency range of 2.0  - 6.0 MHz. Typical values are 2.0 MHz, 4.0 MHz and 6.0 MHz. Maximum crystal dimensions shall be 20x22 mm Probes with double crystals may also be employed. The examination frequency should be as low as possible for that particular test problem. For examination of materials showing high sound attenuation, frequencies of less than 2 MHz are acceptable, provided that the specified recording level can be attained. The examination of weld joints having curved surfaces with a small radius of curvature, such as pipes with a small diameter, it may be necessary to use miniature probes and an adjustment of the probe shoe to attain sufficient contact between the material and the probe. 6.2.2.2

Coupling Medium

A suitable couplant shall be used to transfer the ultrasound from the probe to the material. Oil, glycerine, water or a cellulose gum shall be used for this purpose. 6.2.2.3

Basic Calibration Block

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The basic calibration reflectors shall be used to establish a primary reference response of the equipment. The dimensions of the basic calibration blocks are given in figure-1 and figure-2. Alternatively the reference block given in Appendix-A may be used for sensitivity adjustment and DAC curve construction. Where the block thickness 25.4mm spans two of the weld thickness ranges shown in figure-1 and figure-2, block's use shall be acceptable in those portions of each thickness range covered by 25 mm. Where two or more base material thicknesses are involved, the calibration block thickness shall be determined by average thicknesses of the weld. The material from which the block is fabricated shall be of the same product form, and material specifications or equivalent P-number grouping as the material to be inspected. For purpose of this requirement P1 to P5 are considered equivalent. The calibration block material shall be completely examined with a straight beam probe. Areas that contain an indication exceeding the remaining backwall reflection shall be excluded from the beam paths required to reach the various calibration reflectors. 6.2.2.4

Basic Calibration Reflectors

Side drilled holes shall be used as calibration reflectors (see figure-1 and figure-2). 6.2.2.5

Curvature of Surfaces

For examination of circumferential welds in vessels with contact surface diameter smaller than 508 mm the basic calibration block contact surface shall be curved. A single curved basic calibration block may be used to calibrate the examination on vessel contact surface in the range of curvature from 0.9 to 1.5 times the basic calibration block diameter. For examination of welds in vessels with contact surface diameter greater than 508 mm flat basic calibration block as per figure-1 and figure-2 shall be used.

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6.2.2.6

Ultrasonic Testing Procedure

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System Calibration

Calibration shall include the complete ultrasonic examination system. The original calibration must be performed on the basic calibration block. In all calibrations, it is important that maximum

indications be obtained with the sound beam oriented

perpendicular to the axis of the side-drilled holes and notches. The centre line of the probe shall be at least 38 mm from the nearest side of the block. 6.2.2.7

Angle Beam Calibration

The following calibrations shall be performed: 

Angle beam probe checking



Sweep range calibration



Distance amplitude calibration



Position calibration

6.2.2.8

Angle Beam Probe Checking: Prior to start with its use each angle beam

probe has to be checked on IIW calibration block V1 as per figure-3 for the determination of probe index (beam exit point) and true angle of incidence. 1. Determination of Probe Index: The probe index on the angle beam probe is to be determined by placing the probe as shown in figure-3(a), and by maximising the echo height against the cylinder surface with radius 100 mm (IIW) or 25 mm (V2), the echo height is adjusted to about 75 % of full screen height. The probe index can now be read off against the mark on the calibration block and is marked off on the probe or made a note of. 2. Determination of Angle of Incidence: The probe angle is to be checked on the IIW block using the probe index found under the echo from the circular perspex reflector is maximised and put at 75 % of full screen height. The probe angle can now be read off on the calibration block against the engraved centre point, see figure-3(b). 6.2.2.9

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a) Position the probe for the maximum first indication from the 1/4 T side-drilled hole. Adjust the left edge of this indication to line 2 on the screen with the delay control, b) Position the probe for the maximum indication from the 3/4 T hole. Adjust the left edge of this indication to line 6 on the screen with the range control, c) Repeat delay and range control adjustments until the 1/4 T and 3/4 T-hole reflections start at sweep lines 2 and 6, (figure-4) d) Position the probe for maximum response from the square notch on the opposite surface. The indication will appear near sweep line 8 e) Two divisions on the sweep equal 1/4 T. 6.3

Distance Amplitude Correction 6.3.1

Calibration From the Clad Side

a) Position the probe for maximum response from the hole, which gives the highest amplitude. b) Adjust the sensitivity control to provide an 80% (5% of full screen height) of full screen indication from the hole. Mark the peak of the indication on the screen. c) Position the probe for maximum response from another hole indication. d) Mark the peak of the indication on the screen. e) Position the probe for maximum amplitude from the third hole indication and mark the peak on the screen. f) Position the probe for maximum amplitude from the ¾ T hole indication after the beam has bounced from the opposite surface. The indication should appear at sweep line 10. Mark the peak on the screen for the 5/4 T position (figure-5) g) Connect the screen marks for the side-drilled holes to provide the distanceamplitude curve 6.3.2

Calibration From the Unclad Side

a) From the clad side of the block, determine the dB change in amplitude between the 3/4 T and 5/4 T positions. b) From the unclad side, perform calibrations as noted in 3.7.1.3.1 (a) through (e). c) To determine the amplitude for the 5/4 T hole, position the probe for maximum amplitude from the 3/4 T hole. Decrease the signal amplitude by the number of dB

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determined in (a) above. Mark the height of this signal amplitude at sweep line 10 (5/4 T). d) Connect the screen marks to provide the distance-amplitude curve. This will permit evaluation of indications down to the clad surface (near sweep line 8). e) For calibration correction for perpendicular planar reflectors near the opposite surface, refer to 3.7.1.5.

6.3.3

Distance Amplitude Correction Exemption

A DAC is not required where the examination is limited to a half-skip path in material less than 25.4 mm thick; in which case the amplitude level from a single calibration shall be used. Position Calibration: The following measurements may be made with a ruler, scale, or marked on an indexing strip (figure-6). a) Position the probe for maximum response from the 1/4T hole. Place one end of the indexing strip against the front of the probe, the other end extending in the direction of the beam. Mark the number 2 on the indexing strip at the scribe line which is directly above the hole. (If the probe covers the scribe line, the marks may be made on the side of the probe.) b) Position the probe for maximum indications from the 1/2T and 3/4T holes. Keep the same end of the indexing strip against the front of the probe. Mark the numbers 4 and 6 on the indexing strip at the scribe line. c) If possible, position the probe so that the beam bounces from the opposite surface to the 3/4T hole. Mark the number 10 on the indexing strip at the scribe line. d) Position the probe for the maximum opposite surface notch indication. Mark the number 8 on the indexing strip at the scribe line. e) The calibration numbers on the indexing strip indicate the position directly over the reflector in sixteenths of the full-skip distance.

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f) The depth from the examination surface to the reflector is T at 8, 3/4T at 6 and 10, 1/2T at 4, 1/4T at 2, and 0 at 0. Interpolation is possible for smaller increments of depth. This measurement may be corrected by the radius of the hole if the radius is considered significant to the accuracy of reflector's location. Calibration Correction for Planar Reflectors Perpendicular to the Examination Surface at or Near the Opposite Surface The 45 angle beam shear wave reflects well from a corner reflector. However, mode conversion and redirection of reflection occurs to part of the beam when a 60. angle beam shear wave hits the same reflector. This problem also exists to a lesser degree throughout the 50 to 70 angle beam shear wave range. This correction is required in order to be equally critical of such an imperfection regardless of the examination beam angle. a) Position the probe for maximum amplitude from the square notch on the opposite surface. "X" mark the peak of the indication on the screen near sweep line 8 (figure-17), b) The opposite surface square notch may give an indication 2 to 1 above DAC at 45 and 1/2 DAC at 60 Therefore, the indications from the square notch must be considered when evaluating reflectors at the opposite surface. 6.3.4 Straight Beam Calibration The method of calibration shall provide the following measurements:, a) sweep range calibration, b) distance-amplitude correction. When an electronic distance amplitude correction device is used, the primary reference response shall be equalised at a nominal constant screen height at or between 40 to 80% of full screen height over the distance range to be employed in the examination. 6.3.5 Sweep Range Calibration

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a) Position the probe for the maximum first indication from the ¼T side-drilled hole. Adjust the left edge of this indication to line 2 on the screen with the delay control, b) Position the probe for the maximum indication from 3/4T hole. Adjust the left edge of this indication to line 6 on the screen with the range control, c) Repeat delay and range control adjustments until the 1/4T and 3/4T hole reflections start at sweep lines 2 and 6 (figure-7). 6.3.6 Distance Amplitude Correction a) Position for maximum response from the hole, which gives the highest amplitude, b) Adjust the sensitivity control to provide an 80% (5% of full screen height) of full screen indication from the hole. Mark the peak of the indication on the screen with a grease pencil or other suitable marker, c) Position the probe for maximum response from another hole indication, d) Mark the peak of the indication on the screen. e) Position the probe for maximum amplitude from the third hole indication and mark the peak on the screen, f) Connect the screen marks and extend through the thickness to provide the distance-amplitude curve for the side-drilled holes (figure-8). 6.3.7 Calibration Checks Calibration Confirmation Calibration shall be performed prior to use of the system in the thickness range under examination. A calibration check shall verify the sweep range and distance amplitude correction as defined in 3.8.1.1 and 3.8.1.2. 6.3.8 Sweep Range Correction: If any point on the DAC curve has moved on the sweep line more than 10% of the sweep division reading or 5% of full sweep, whichever is greater, correct the sweep range calibration and note the correction in the examination record. If reflectors are noted on the data sheets, those data sheets shall be voided, a new calibration shall be recorded. All recorded indications since the last valid calibration check shall be re-examined with the corrected calibration and their values shall be changed on the data sheets. Prepared, Reviewed and Approved by NDT Level III

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6.3.9 DAC Correction: If any point on the distance-amplitude correction (DAC) curve has decreased 20% or 2 dB of its amplitude, all data sheets since the last calibration or calibration check shall be marked void. A new calibration shall be made and recorded and the voided examination areas shall be re-examined, If any point on the distance-amplitude correction (DAC) curve has increased more than 20% or 2 dB of its amplitude, all recorded indications since the last valid calibration or calibration check shall be evaluated with the corrected calibration and their values shall be changed on the data sheets. 6.4

Scanning Procedure

The weld joint plus 10mm of base material adjacent to HAZ shall be 100% examined by straight beam and angle beam probe. The volume shall be examined by moving the probe over the examination surface so as to scan the entire examination volume. Each pass of the probe shall overlap a minimum of 10% of the transducer dimension perpendicular to the direction of scanning. The gain, which is to be used in the defect evaluation, is the corrected primary gain. When seeking defects, the gain is to be further increased to at least two times the primary reference level in order to increase the sensitivity to defects with a difficult orientation. (The gain must then be reduced by 6 dB when one carries out a defect evaluation). 6.4.1 Angle Beam Scanning For the detection of reflectors oriented parallel to the weld axis the angle beam probe is placed on the parent metal in such a way that the sound beam is normal to the weld axis. The probe is to be moved forwards and backwards in the area between and somewhat beyond the distance for half and full skip distances and is gradually shifted laterally, so that the whole weld connection is covered at the examination (figure-9). During this movement the probe is to be continuously turned 5 - 10 in the horizontal plane, as intimated on figure-9. 6.4.2 Straight Beam Scanning The scanning shall be performed on weld and base material. Prepared, Reviewed and Approved by NDT Level III

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Examination of the parent metal with a normal probe on both sides of the weld comprises a necessary part of ultrasonic examination of the weld connection. It is meant to reveal possible laminations, large variations in attenuation and thickness variations in the plate material. Scanning of the adjacent base material shall be performed to detect reflectors that might affect interpretation of angle beam scanning, and is not used as an acceptance/rejection examination. Location and size of such reflectors shall be recorded. Selection of probe, frequency and scanning directions to ensure a 100% weld volume examination for typical butt, T- and L-joints shall be in accordance with Figure-10 to Figure-13. Nozzle weld joints shall be basically examined according to figure-14 and figure-15. The rate of manual scanning shall not exceed 150 mm per second. 6.5

Interpretation

6.5.1 Recordable Indications All indications, which produce a response greater than 20% of the reference curve with corrected primary gain, are to be investigated by means of checking from one surface and from both side of the weld connection in terms of acceptance standards. All indications in excess 50% of primary reference level shall be recorded. The length of defects is to be determined by the half-value method. (Figure-16). The extent of the defect is to be determined by maximising the echo height in the middle of the defect, the echo height on the screen is noted and 6 dB gain is added to this. Subsequently, the probe is traversed towards the edge of the defect until the echo height has dropped to the original level. The centre of the probe is then marked off as the edge of the defect. This method is suited to defects with an area equal to or greater than the cross section of the ultrasonic beam, ie relatively large defects. Doubtful indications may be confirmed by radiographic examination. 6.5.2 Acceptance Criteria This section of examination procedure contains acceptance criteria and indicates methods for measuring defect size. The significant dimension of defects or inclusions, which shall Prepared, Reviewed and Approved by NDT Level III

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define the fitness for purpose or otherwise of the object under examination shall be as determined in accordance with the following acceptance criteria, which is specified by the contract documents: Acceptance Standards for Ultrasonic Examination As Per ASME Standards - As Per ASME Section I Paragraph PW-52 a) Technique and standards for ultrasonic examination shall follow Section V, Article 5 b) Acceptance-rejection standards: imperfections that cause an indication greater than 20% of the reference level shall be investigated to the extent that the ultrasonic examination personnel can determine their shape, and location, and evaluate them in terms of (a) and (b) above. c) Cracks, lack of fusion, or incomplete penetration are unacceptable regardless of length. d) Other imperfections are unacceptable if the indication exceeds the reference level and their length exceeds the following: 1. ¼ in. (6mm) for t up to ¾ in. (19 mm) 2. 1/3 t for t from ¾ in. (19 mm) to 2 ¼ in. (57 mm) 3. ¾ in. (19 mm) for t over 2 ¼ in. (57 mm) Where t is the thickness of the weld being examined. If the weld joints two members having different thicknesses, t is the thickness of the thinnest one. - As per ASME Section VIII Div 1. Appendix 12 These Standards shall be applied unless other standards are specified for specific applications within this Division.

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Imperfections, which produce a response greater than 20% of the reference curve, shall be investigated to the extent that the operator can determine the shape, identity, and location of all such imperfections and evaluate them in terms of the acceptance standards given in (1) and (2) below. 1) Indications characterized as cracks, lack of fusion, or incomplete penetrations are unacceptable regardless of length. 2) Other imperfections are unacceptable if the indications exceed the reference level amplitude and have lengths which exceed: a) ¼ in. (6mm) for t up to ¾ in. (19 mm); b) 1/3 t for t from ¾ in. to 2 ¼ in. (19 mm t0 57 mm); c) ¾ in. (19 mm) for t over 2 ¼ in. (57 mm) Where t is the thickness of the weld excluding any allowable reinforcement. For a butt weld joining two members having different thicknesses at the weld, t is the thinner of these two thicknesses. If a full penetration weld includes a fillet weld, the thickness of the throat of the fillet shall be included in t. - As Per ASME B31.1 Paragraph 136.4.6 Welds that are shown by ultrasonic examination to have discontinuities which produce an indication greater than 20% of the reference level shall be investigated to the extent that ultrasonic examination personnel can determine their shape, identity, and location so that they may evaluate each discontinuity for acceptance in accordance with (1) and (2) below. 1) Discontinuity evaluated as being crack, lack of fusion, or incomplete penetration is unacceptable regardless of length. 2) Other discontinuities are unacceptable if the indication exceeds the reference level and their length exceeds the following; Prepared, Reviewed and Approved by NDT Level III

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a) ¼ in. (6.0 mm) for t up to ¾ in. (19.0 mm); b) 1/3 t for t from ¾ in. (19.0 mm) to 2 ¼ in. (57.0 mm) c) ¾ in. (19.0 mm) for t over 2 ¼ in. (57.0 mm) where t is the thickness of the weld being examined. If the weld joins two or more different thicknesses, t represents the thinnest one. 6.5.3 Removal of Defects Indications or discontinuities in excess to standards shall be removed by mechanical means and repaired by qualified welding procedure, where necessary. The repair area shall be reinspected using ultrasonic examination procedure according to this specification. 6.6

Record

6.6.1 Calibration Records Instrument calibrations shall be kept in the ultrasonic calibration records. Examination and Evaluation Records After examination an Ultrasonic Test Report (Exhibit 1) shall be filled out.

7.

Annexes:

Annex 1. Ultrasonic Examination Report This procedure, which is in accordance with the requirements of ASME Code Sec. V, T-150, has been demonstrated to the satisfaction of AI and certified by S&Q Mart’s TIM

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Figure-1: Basic calibration block

Weld thickness t

Basic

Hole

Notch size

In/mm

calibration

diameter

In/mm

block

in/mm

thickness T 1”(25) or less Over 1”(25) through

in/mm ¾”.(19) or t 1 1/2” (38) or

3/32” (2,5) 1/8”(3)

2” (50) Over 2” (25)

t 3”(75) or t

3/16” (5)

through 4” (50) Over 4” (100)

t  1”(25)

Note 1

Notch depth= 2% T Notch Width=1/4(6) max Notch Length = 1”(25) min

General Notes ∗Minimum dimension. GENERAL NOTES: (a) Holes shall be drilled and reamed 1.5 in. (38 mm) deep minimum, essentially parallel to the examination surface. (b) For components equal to or less than 20 in. (500 mm) in diameter, calibration block diameter shall meet the requirements of T-434.1.7.2. Two sets of calibration reflectors (holes, notches) oriented 90 deg from each other shall be used. Alternatively, two curved calibration blocks may be used. (c) The tolerance for hole diameter shall be ± 1⁄32 in. (0.8 mm). The tolerance for hole location through the calibration block thickness (i.e., distance from the examination surface) shall be ± 1⁄8 in. (3 mm). (d) For blocks less than 3⁄4 in. (19 mm) in thickness, only the 1⁄2T side-drilled hole and surface notches are required. (e) All holes may be located on the same face (side) of the calibration block, provided care is exercised to locate all the reflectors (holes, notches) to prevent one reflector from affecting the indication from another reflector during calibration. Notches may also be in the same plane as the inline holes (See Appendix J, Fig. J-431). As in Fig. J-431, a sufficient number of holes shall be provided for both angle and straight beam calibrations at the 1⁄4T, 1⁄2T, and 3⁄4T depths. (f) Minimum notch depth shall be 1.6%T and maximum notch depth shall be 2.2%T plus the thickness of cladding, if present. (g) Maximum notch width is not critical. Notches may be made by EDM or with end mills up to 1⁄4 in. (6.4 mm) in diameter. (h) Weld thickness, t, is the nominal material thickness for welds without reinforcement or, for welds with reinforcement, the nominal material thickness plus the estimated weld reinforcement not to exceed the maximum permitted by the referencing Code Section. When two or more base material thicknesses are involved, the calibration block thickness, T, shall be determined by the average thickness of the weld; alternatively, a calibration block based on the greater base material thickness may be used provided the reference reflector size is based upon the average weld thickness. NOTE: (1) For each increase in weld thickness of 2 in. (50 mm) or fraction thereof over 4 in. (100 mm), the hole diameter shall increase 1⁄16 in. (1.5 mm).

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Figure-2: Basic calibration block Weld thickness (t)

Basic

Hole

calibration

diameter

block Over 2 in. through 4

thickness (T) 3 in. or t

3/16 in.

in. Over 4 in. through 6

5 in. or t

¼ in.

in. Over 6 in. through 8

7 in. or t

5/16 in.

in. Prepared, Reviewed and Approved by NDT Level III

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Over 8 in. through

9 in. or t

3/8 in.

10 in. Over 10 in. through

11 in. or t

7/16 in.

12 in. Over 12 in. through

13 in. or t

½ in

14 in. Over 14 in.

t  1 in.

(2)

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(1)

Minimum dimensions

(2)

For each increase in weld thickness of 2 in. or fraction thereof over 14 in., the hole

diameter shall increase 1/16 in. (3)

The tolerance for hole diameter shall be 1/32 in. The tolerance on notch depth

shall be + 10 and - 20%. (need only be held at the thinnest clad thickness along the reflecting surfaces of the notch); tolerance on hole location through the thickness shall be  1/8 in. ; perpendicular tolerances on notch reflecting surface shall be  2 ; tolerance on notch length shall be  ¼ in.

3(a)

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3(b) Figure-3:Determination of probe index and angle of incidence

Figure-4: Sweep range calibration Prepared, Reviewed and Approved by NDT Level III

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Figure-5: Sensitivity and Distance-Amplitude-Correction

Figure-6: Position depth and beam path

Figure-7: Sweep range calibration

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Figure-8: Sensitivity and DAC

Figure-9: Probe movement for testing butt welds

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Probe + Frequency

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Ultrasonic Testing Procedure Scanning Directions 1 2 3 4 5

6

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MWB 70 N4 MWB 60 N4 B4 SN

Figure-10(a-1)

Figure-10(a-2)

Figure-10(a-3)

Figure-10(a-4)

Figure-10 (a): Scanning Direction for Butt Welds

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Figure-10(b-1)

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Figure-10(b-2)

Figure-10(b): Scanning Direction for T-joints

Figure-10(c-1)

Figure-10(c-2)

Figure-10 (c): Scanning Direction for L-Joints Figure-10:Ultrasonic Examination of Welds of Thickness greater than 12 mm and Less than 25 mm Ultrasonic Examination of Welds of Thickness greater than 25 mm and Less than 35 mm

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Probe + Frequency

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Ultrasonic Testing Procedure

Scanning Directions 1 2 3 4 5

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MWB 70 N4 MWB 60 N4 B4 SN WB 45 N2

Ultrasonic Examination of Welds of Thickness greater than 35  mm and Less than 50 mm

Probe + Frequency

Scanning Directions 1 2 3 4 5

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WB 70 N2 WB 60 N2 B4 SN WB 45 N2

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Figure-11(a-1)

Figure-11(a-2)

Figure-11(a-3)

Figure-11(a-4)

Figure-11(a): Scanning Direction for Butt Welds

Figure-11(b-1)

Figure-11(b-2)

Figure-11(b): Scanning Direction for T-joints

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Ultrasonic Testing Procedure

Figure-11(c-1)

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Figure-11(c-2)

Figure-11(c): Scanning Direction for Corner Joints Figure-11:Ultrasonic Examination of Welds of Thickness greater than 25 mm and Less than 50 mm Ultrasonic Examination of Welds of Thickness greater than 50 mm and Less than 70 mm Probe+ Frequen

Scanning Directions 1 2 3 4 5

cy WB 70

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N2 WB 60 N2 WB 45 N2 B4 SN Ultrasonic Examination of Welds of Thickness greater than 70 mm and Less than 100 mm

Scanning Directions

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Probe+

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Document Page 35 Date Revision

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Frequenc

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y WB 70 N2 WB 60 N2 WB 45 N2 B4 SN

Figure-13(a-1)

Figure-3(a-2)

Figure-13(a-3)

Figure-13(a-4)

Figure-13(a): Scanning Direction for Butt Welds

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Ultrasonic Testing Procedure

Figure-13(b-1)

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Figure-13(b-2)

Figure-13(b): Scanning Direction for T-joints

Figure-13(c-1)

Figure-13(c-2)

Figure-13(c): Scanning Direction for L-Joints Figure-13: Ultrasonic Examination of Welds of Thickness greater than 50 mm and Less than 100 mm

Probe + Frequency

Scanning Directions 1 2 3 4 5

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MWB 60 N2 MWB 45 N2 B4 SN

Figure-14(a-1) Figure-14(a-2) Figure-14(a): Scanning Direction for Butt Welds

Figure-14(b): Scanning Direction for T-joints

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Figure-14(c): Scanning Direction for Corner Joints Figure-14:Ultrasonic Examination of Welds of Thickness greater than 150 mm and Less than 200 mm Figure-14:Scanning positions for nozzle weld joints (set-on) (Pos. 5-6 if possible)

Figure-15: Scanning positions for nozzle weld joints (set-in) (Pos. 4-5-6 if possible)

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Figure-16: Half value method (6dB drop )

Figure-17: Planar reflections

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Diameter D

T

d

L

B 40-100mm

Min.38mm

L:

Length of reference block (given by probe angle and range to be covered)

T:

Thickness of the reference block

B:

Width of the reference block, minimum 40mm

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Reference Block

Position of

Weld thickness

Thickness (T)

SDH

(t)

(mm)

(d)

(mm)

(mm) T  25 25 < t  50 50 < t  100 100 < t  150 150 < t  200 200 < t  250 > 250

20 or t 38 or t 75 or t 125 or t 175 or t 225 or t T

(mm) T/2 T/4 T/4 T/4 T/4 T/4 T/4

2.4 3.2 4.8 6.4 8.0 9.5 (*)

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Hole Diameter

(*) For each increase in plate thickness of 50 mm, the diameter is to be increased by 1.6 mm

Figure A-1 : Reference block for DAC construction

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