Iso 16283-2-2015_2 Acoustic - Field Measurement Of Impact Sound Insulation.pdf

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LICENCE i3r ISO 16283-2:2015 Acoustics Fieldmeasurement of soundirrsulation in buildingsand of buildingelementspart 2: lmpactsouncj insulation

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Ross Palrner

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18-Oct-2016

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ISO INT'ERNATIONAL L6283-2 STANDARD First edition 20L5- L 1-1_5

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Acoustics r-r Field measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of buitding elements E Part 2: Impact sound insulation Acoustieue- Mesuragein situ de I'isolation acoustiquedes bdtiments et des6l6mentsde construction Partie 2':Isolation des bruits d'impacts

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Reference number

-2:2015[E) IS016283 @rso2015

ISO16283-2=2A15[E)

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COPYRIGHTPROTECTEDDOCUMENT @ ISO 2015, Publishedin Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, withoui prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the addresCbelow or ISO's member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch.de BlandonnetS r CP 401 CH-1214 Vernie4,Geneva,Switzerland Tel. +41 22 7 49 Ot tL Fax+41 22749 A9 47 copyright@iso,org www.iso.org

@ ISO 20L5 - All rights reserved

ISO 16283'2.2O15(E)

Contents

Page

Foreword Introduction L

Scope

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Terms and definitions

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Instrumentation 4.L General 4.2 Calibration

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Verification

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7.2.2 lmpact sourcepositionsfor the tapping machineas impact source.........."..................... 7.2.3 Impactsourcepositionsfor the rubber ball as impact source....................................... Fixed microphone positions for the tapping machine or rubber ball as impact source..........8 B 7.3.t General. B 7.3.2 Numberof measurements ..................,........... 7.3.3 Tappingmachineoperatedat more than one position........ ...............9 7.3.4 Rubberball operatedat more than one position........ impact source9 for tapping machine as microphone the Mechanizedcontinuously-moving

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...........................10 7.4.3 Tappingmachineoperatedat more than one position....... ................10 microphonefor the tapping machineas impact source................. Manually-scanned

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Tappingmachineoperatedat more than one position........

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Minimum distancesfor microphonepositions.. . ........... Averagingtimes for the tapping machineas impact source...,....., 7.7.2

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microphone Mechanizedcontinuously-moving

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....................12 sound pressurelevels Calculationof energr-average Fixedmicrophonepositionsfor the tapping machineas impact source......................L2 7.8.\ 7.8.2 Mechanizedcontinuously-movingmicrophoneand manually-scanned .....................13 microphonefor the tapping machineas impact source............ 7.8.3 Fixedmicrophonepositionsfor the rubber ball as impact source.................................1

Low-hequency procedure for sound pressure level measurement for the tapping

@ ISO 2015 - All rights reserved

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ISO 16283-2=2A15(E)

8.5

Calculationof low-frequency enerry-averageimpact sound pressurelevels . . . . .. . ... 15 Background noise (default and low-frequency procedure)............. ........ 15 9.2

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Correctionto the signallevel for backgroundnoise...,.........

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Reverberation time in the receiving room (default and low-frequency procedure)

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Annex B (normative)Requirements for loudspeakers used for reverberation

8 E Annex C (informative)Forms for the oig c -ct

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Annex E (informative)Horizontal measurements- Examplesof suitable impact source

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Annex F (informative)Vertical measurements- Examplesof suitable impact source and

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ISO Ii?83-2t2O15(E)

Foreword ISO(the International Organization for Standardization)is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies [lSO member bodies).The work of preparing International Standardsis normally carried out through ISO technical committees.Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical comm-ittee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. lnternational organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO,also take part in the work' ISO collaboratescloselywith the International ElectrotechnicalCommission[lEC) on all matters of electrotechnicalstandardization.

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The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are desciibed in the ISO/lECDirectives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISOdocuments should be noted. This document was drafted in accordancewith the editorial rules of the ISO/IECDirectives, Part2. w-ww-isa,g-rglduccllles

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Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subiect of patent rights. ISOshall not be held responsiblefor identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the developmentof the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISOlist of patent declarationsreceived.1v"vr,v.iso'org/patents

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Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenienceof users and does not constitutean endorsement.

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For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,as well as information about ISO's adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical - Suppletttentaryitr-fortnation Barriers to Trade (TBT) seethe following URL: Iiu rrry-ggl The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 43, Acoustics,Subcommittee SC 2, Building acoustics.

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which have This first edition of ISO 16283-2cancelsand replacesISO140-7:1998and ISO140-14:2004, been technicallyrevised. ISO 16283 consists of the following parts, under the general title Acousffcssoundinsulation in buildingsand of building elements: Part L: Airbornesound insulation Part 2: Impact soundinsulation Part 3: Fagadesoundinsulation

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@ ISO 2015 - All rights reselved

Field measurementof

ISO I6283-2?2O15(E)

Introduction ISO 16283 (all partsJ de,scribesprocedures for field measurements of sound insulation in buildings. f_if9r1e, impact and fagade sound insulation are described in ISO 162g3-1, ISO 76283-2 and ISO16283-3,respectively.

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Field sound insulation measurementsthat were described previously in ISO 140-4, ISO 140-5, and ISo 140-7 were a) primarily intended for measurements wh-erethe sbund field could be considered to be diffuse, and b) not explicit as to whether operators could be present in the rooms during the measurement.ISO 16283 (all parts) differs from ISOt40-4,lSO 140-5,and tSOL40-7 in that a) it ap=plies to rooms in which the sound field might, or might not approximate to a diffuse field, b) it cljrifiei how operators can measure the sound field using a hand-held microphone or sound levei meter and c) it includesadditionalguidancethat was previouslycontainedin ISo 740-14. NOJE , Surveytest methodsfor field measurements of airborneand impactsoundinsulationare dealtwith in ISO10052.

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NO 1i283'222015[E)

INTERNATIONALSTANDARD

Acoustics - Field measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements TJ o

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Part2l. Impact sound insulation

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Scope

This part of ISO 16283 specifies procedures to determine the impact sound insulation using sound pressure measurements with an impact source operating on a floor or stairs in a building. These procedures are intended for room volumes in the range from 10 m3 to 250 m3 in the frequency range irom 50 Hz to 5 000 Hz. The test results can be used to quantify,assessand comparethe impact sound insulation in unfurnished or furnished rooms where the sound field might, or might not approximate to a diffuse field. TWoimpact sourcesare described:the tapping machineand the rubber ball. Theseimpact sourcesdo not exactly replicate all possibletypes of real impacts on floors or stairs in buildings. The tapping machine can be used to assessa variety of light, hard impacts such as footsteps trory walkerl wearing hard-heeledfootwear or dropped obiects.A singlenumber quantity can be calculated using the rating procedures in ISO 7t7-2. This single number quantity links the measured impact sound insulation using the tapping machineto subjectiveassessmentof generalimpacts in dwellings that occur on floors or stairs in a building. The tapping machine is also well-suited to the prediction of impact sound insulation using ISO 15712-2.Thesetwo aspectsfacilitate the specificationof impact sound insulationin nationalbuilding requirementsusing only measurementswith the tapping machine as an impact source. The rubber ball can be used to assessheavy,soft impacts such as from walkers in bare feet or children jumping, as well as quantifying absolutevaluesthat can be related to human disturbancein terms of a Fast time-weighted maximum sound pressure level. At present, calculation procedures for a single number quantity do not currently exist in an ISOStandard.

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Normative references

The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensableto its application. For dated references,only the edition cited applies. For undated references,the Iatestedition of the referenceddocument(includingany amendments)applies. ISO 7L7-2, Acousticssound insulation

Rating of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements-

ISO 3382-2, Acousticsordinary rooms

Measurementof room acoustic parameters -

Part 2: Impact

Part 2: Reverberationtime in

ISO 12999-1, Acoustics - Determination and application of measurement uncertainties in building acoustics- Part 1: Sound insulation ISO18233, Acoustics- Applicationof new measurementmethodsin building and room acoustics IEC 6A942,Electroacoustics- Sound calibrators IEC 61183, Electroacoustics- Random-incidenceand diffuse-field calibration of soundlevel meters - Octave-bandandfractional-octave'bandfilters IEC 61260, Electroacoustics @ ISO 20L5 - All rights reserved

fs0 16283-2z2or5(E)

- soundlevelmeters- part 7: specifications lBc 6t672-r, Electroacousfi'cs

3 Terms and definitions Forthe purposesof this document,the followingterms and definitionsapply 3.1 energy-averageimpactsound pressure level in a room

Li ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of the space and time average of the squared sound pressure to the square of the referencesound pressure where the impact sourie is the tapping machine and the space average is taken over the central zone of the room where nearfield raaiiliorifrom the room boundarieshas negligibleinfluence

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Note1 to entry: L1is expressedin decibels.

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3.2 corner impact sound pressure level in a room Li,corne. ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of the highest time averagesquared sound pressure from the set of corner measurementsto the square of the reference soundpr"iru." for the iow-frequency range (50 Hz, 63 Hz,and 80 Hz one-third octave bands) where the impait source is the tapping michin! Note1 to entry: l;,6s1ng1 is expressedin decibels. 3.3 low-frequency energy-average impactsound pressure level in a room Li,lr ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of the space and time average of the squared sound pressure tothe square of the reference sound pressure in the low-frequencyiange (50 Ffz,63 Hz, and B0 Hz one-third octavebands) where the impact source is the tapping machine rp".u is-a weighted average that is calculated using the room corners wheie the sound "iaine "rr.."g" pressure levels aie highest and the central zone of the room where nearfield radiation from the room boundaries has negligible influence

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Note2 to entry: l,;,1pis an estimateof the energy-average soundpressurelevelfor the entireroomvolume. 3.4 energy-average maximum impact sound pressure level in a room li,Fm"* ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of the space average of the squared maximum sound pressure with Fast time-weighting to the square of the reference sound p.eisure where the impact source is the rubber ball and the space average is taken over the centril zone of the room *h"." nearfieldradiation from the room boundarieshis negligibleinfluence Note1 to entry; li,Fmaxis expressedin decibels. 3.5 reverberation time T time required for the sound pressure level in a room to decreaseby 60 dB after the sound source has stopped Note1 to entry: 7is expressedin seconds. 3.6 background noise level measured sound pressure level in the receiving room from all sourcesexceptthe impact source @ISO20L5- All righrsreserved

ISO L6283'232O15(E)

3.7 fixed microphone microphonelhatis fixed in spaceby usinga devicesuchas a tripod so that it is stationary 3.8 mechanized continuously moving microphone constantangularspeedin a circle,or is movedwith approximately microphonethat is mechanically of rotation about a fixed axis is between path angle where the mechjnicallyswept alonga circular 270oand360" E

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3.9 manually scanned microphone microphone attached to a hand-held sound level meter or an extension rod that is moved by a human operator along a prescribed path

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3.10 manually held microphone microphone attached fo a hand-heldsound level meter or a rod that is hand-held at a fixed position by a human operator at a distance at least an arm's length from the trunk of the operator's body

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3.11 partition total surface of the floor or stair which is excited by the impact source Note 1 to entry: For two rooms which are staggeredvertically or horizontally,the total surface of the separatingpartition is not visible from both sidesofthe partition; henceit is necessaryto definethe partition asthe total surface.

3.12 commonpartition part of the floor or stair that is commonto both the room in whichthe impactsourceis usedand the receivingroom 3.13 standardized impact sound pressure level L'nr impactsoundpressurelevel,Li,reducedby a correctionterm which is givenin decibels,beingten times the commonlogarithmof the ratio of the measuredreverberationtime,4 to the referencereverberation time, T9,which is calculatedusingFormula(1) whenthe impactsourceis the tappingmachine:

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in decibels. expressed Note1 to entry: L'nTis Note 2 to entry: The impact sound pressure level is referenced to a reverberation time of 0,5 s because in dwellings with furniture the reverberation time has been found to be reasonably independent of volume and frequency and to be approximately equal to 0,5 s. Note 3 to entry: l'nT provides a straightforward link to the subjective impression of impact sound insulation.

@ ISO 2015 - All rights reserved

Iso 16283-2=zorS(E)

3.14 normalized impact sound pressure level Lln impact_soundpressure level, l; increased by a correction term which is given in decibels,being ten times the common logarithm of the ratio between the measured equivalent absorption area,A, Jf tne reteiving room and the referenceequivalent absorption area,.4s,which is calculated using Formula (2) when the impact source is the tapping machine: .A

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3.15 standardized maximum impact sound pressure level

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ti,Fmax,v,T maximum impact sound pressure level, try,p,n3*, increased by a correrction term for room volume and P ' g reduced by a correction term for reverberation time and Fast time weiighting which is calculatedusing Formulae(3), (4) and (5) when the impact sourceis the rubber ball: g' oo

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Vo is the referencereceiving room volume; for dwellings, Zg = 50 m3. Note 1 to entry: Lj,p6s1,147 is expressedin decibels. Note2 to entry: Backgroundinformationcanbe foundin Reference [-l!]. 3.16 equivalent absorption area A hypothetical area of a totally absorbing surface without diffraction effects which, if it were the only absorbingelementin the room, would give the samereverberation time as the room under consideratioi-r and is calculated using Sabine'sformula in Formula (6): A tl, -

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ISO 16283-2|2O15(E)

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Instrumentation

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4.1 General

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The instruments for measuring sound pressure levels, including microphonefs) as well as cable(s), windscreen[s), recording devicesand other accessories,if used, shall meet the requirements for a class 0 or L instrument in accordancewith IEC6t672-l for random incidenceapplication.

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Filters shall meet the requirements for a class0 or 1 instrument in accordancewith IEC 6L260. The reverberation time measurement equipment shall comply with the requirements defined in

rso3382-2. The impact sourcesshall meet the requirements given in Auex-A-.

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Calibration

At the beginningand at the end of every measurementsessionand at least at the beginningand the end of eachmeasurement day,the entire sound pressure level measuring system shall be checkedat one or more frequenciesby means of a sound calibrator meeting the requirements for a class0 or 1 instrument in accordancewith IEC 60942. Each time the calibrator is used, the sound pressure level measured with the calibrator should be noted in the field documentationof the operator.Without any further adjustment, the difference between the readings of two consecutive checks shall be less or equal to 0,5 dB. If this value is exceeded,the results of measurementsobtained after the previous satisfactory checkshall be discarded.

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4.3

Verification

Complianceof the sound pressure level measuring instrument, the filters and the sound calibrator with the relevant requirements shall be verified by the existence of a valid certificate of compliance. If applicable,random incidenceresponse of the microphone shall be verified by a procedure from IEC 61183.All compliancetesting shall be conductedby a laboratory being accredited or otherwise nationally authorized to perform the relevant tests and calibrations and ensuring metrological traceabilityto the appropriatemeasurementstandards. NOTE Unless national regulations dictate otherwise, it is recommendedthat the sound calibrator be calibratedat intervals not exceedingone yeaq,the complianceof the instrumentationsystemwith the requirementsof IEC6t672-I shouldbe verified at intervalsnot exceedingtwo years,and the complianceof the two years. filter setwith the requirementsof IEC61260shouldbe verifiedat intervalsnot exceeding

5

Frequency range

5.1 Tappingmachineas the impact source All quantities shall be measured using one-third octave band filters having at least the following centre frequencies,in hertz: 1 0 0 , 1 2 5 t, 6 0 , 2 0 0 , 2 5 0 , 3 7 5 , 4 0 0 , 5 0 0 , 6 3 0 , 8 0 00, 0 1 0 , 1 2 s 0 , 16 0 0 , 20 0 0 , 2 5 0 0 , 3 1 5 0

O ISO 20tS - All rights reserved

ISO 16283-ZIZA15(E)

If additional information in the low-frequency range is required, use one-third octave band filters with the following centre frequencies,in herfz: 50, 63, B0 If additional information in the high-frequency range is required, use one-third octave band filters with the following centre frequencies,in hertz: 4 0 0 0 , 50 0 0 NOTE

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Measurement of additionalinformationin the low- and high-frequency rangesis optional.

5.2 Rubber ball as the impact sourre

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All quantities shall be measured using one-third octave or octave band filters.

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One-third octave band filters shall have at least the following centre frequencies,in hertz:

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50, 63, 80, 100, LaS,!60,200,250,315, 400, 500, 630

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Determination of the impact sound insulation in accordanceto this part of ISO 76283requires that one room is chosenas the receiving room into which sound is radiated due to an impact source operating on a partition. The room or spacein which the impact source is operated is referred to as the source room.

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impact source operating, the background noise levels in the receiving room when the impact source is switched off and the reverberation times in the receiving room.

TWoimpact sourcesare described:the tapping machineand the rubber ball. TWo measurement procedures are described that shall be used for the sound pressure level, the reverberation time and the background noise; a default procedure and an additional low-frequency procedure. For the sound pressure level and the background noise,the default procedure requires measurements to be taken in the central zone of a room at positions away from the room boundaries. With the tapping machine as the impact source,the default procedure for all frequenciesis to obtain the energyaverage sound pressure level using a fixed microphone or a manually-held microphone moved from one position to anothe4an array of fixed microphones,a mechanizedcontinuouslymoving microphone or a manually scannedmicrophone.With the rubber ball as the impact source,the default proc-edure for all frequencies is to obtain the energy-averagesound pressure level using a fixed microphone or a manually-heldmicrophonemovedfrom one position to another or an array offixed microphones. For the sound pressure level and the background noise with the tapping machine as the impact source, the low-frequency procedure shall be used for the 50 Hz, 63 Hz, and 80 Hz one-third oitave bands ll the receiving room when its volume is smaller than 25 p3 (calculated to the nearest cubic metre). This procedure should be carried out in addition to the default procedure and requires additionil measurements of the sound pressure level in the corners of the receiving room using either a fixed microphone or a manually-held microphone. NOTE1 The low-frequencyprocedureis necessaryin small rooms due to large spatial variations in the soundpressurelevelof the modalsoundfield.In thesesituations,cornermeasurements are usedto improvethe repeatability,reproducibilityand relevanceto room occupants. NOTE2 The low-frequencyprocedureis not usedwith the rubber ball becauseno link hasyet beenshown betweenany combinationof measurements from the cornersand centralzoneof a room for the maximumFast time'weightedsoundpressureleveland the maximumFasttime-weightedsoundpressurelevelthat is spatially averagedover the entire room volume.

@ ISO 2AL5 - AII righrs reserved

ISO16283'2:2015(E)

to avoidhearingdamage,hearingprotectionis worn by the operatorwhenmeasuringthe NOTE3 If necessary when measuringreverberationtimes in the receiving soundpressurelevelin the sourceroom and,if necessary, room. When measuringsoundpressurelevelsin the receivingroom that will not causehearingdamageit is advisableto removeany hearingprotectionso that the operatoris aware of short externalnoiseeventsthat noise. aswell ashelpingthe operatorto minimizeself-generated couldinvalidatethe measurement For the reverberation time, the low-frequency procedure shall be used for the 50 Hz, 63 Hz, and B0 Hz one-third octave bands in the receiving room when its volume is smaller than 25 63 (calculatedto the nearestcubic metre). If using methodsof signalprocessingfor reverberationtimes describedin ISO18233,the measurements shall be carried out using fixed microphonesand shall not use a mechanizedcontinuously-moving microphone, manually-held microphone or a manually-scannedmicrophone.

E

.E € E

I ot: o 3 o

The sound fields in typical rooms will rarely approximate to a diffuse sound field over the entire frequency range from 50 Hz to 5000 Hz. The default and low-frequency procedures allow for measurementsto be taken without any knowledge as to whether the sound field can be consideredas diffuse or non-diffuse. For this reason,the sound field should not be modified for the purpose of the test by temporarily introducing additionalfurniture or diffusersinto the receivingroom.

C o o o o C o('l =t 5o a()

€=

oU5 0)o Ctr oo

E € o E) r;(B -- q,

EI e3 *.0 o6 ci€ c-o dcL oo (J= >+< =o

with additionaldiffusionare required,for exampledueto regulatoryrequirements NOTE4 If measurements or becausethe test result is to be comparedwith a laboratorymeasurementon a similar test element,the introductionof three diffuserswill usuallybe sufficienteachwith an areaof at least1,0m2. All measurement methods for the default procedure or the low-frequency procedure are equivalent. In case of dispute, the impact sound insulation determined using measurement methods without an operator inside the receiving room shall be taken to be the referenceresult. NOTE5 A referenceresult is definedbecausethe backgroundnoiselevelwith manualscanningis proneto noisefrom the operator.Significantvariation doesnot tend to occurwith fixed variation in the self-generated microphone. microphonesor a mechanizedcontinuously-moving

X E io cC O L

=o o EP o> U, q6-

(J

Lr

7 Default procedure for sound pressurelevel measurement 7.1

General

bs 4c fF

o ,6

d2 o= N(l, .1, Cl0

(

)

Sound pressure level measurementsshall be used to determine the averagelevel in the central zone of the receiving room with the impact source in operation, and the background noise level in the receiving room when the impact sourceis not operational.

e

3E c o

7.2

Generation of sound field

o

E E

(L

o o o

u I E o 3n c @

.9

7.2.t

General

Theimpactsoundshallbe generatedusingthe tappingmachineor the rubberball asthe impactsource. 7.2.2

Impact source positions for the tapping machine as impact source

The tapping machine shall be placed in at least four different positions randomly distributed on the floor under test. The distanceof the tapping machinefrom the edgesof the floor shall be at least 0,5 m. ln the caseof anisotropic floor constructionswith beams,ribs, etc.,more positionsmay be necessary. The hammer connectingline shouldbe orientatedat 45oto the direction of the beamsor ribs. The impact sound pressure levels may reveal a time dependencyafter the tapping is started. In such a casethe measurementsshould not begin until the noise level has becomesteady.If stable conditions are

@ IS0 20L5 - All rights reserved

7

ISO I6283-2.2O15(E)

not reachedafter 5 min, then the measurementsshould be carried out over a well-defined measurement period. The measurementperiod shall be reported. NOTE Time dependencysometimesoccurswith soft or fragile floor surfacesas during eachimpact the hammerscanchangethe contactstiffnessor damagethe surfacedirectlyunderneaththe hammers. When floors with soft coveringsare under test, the tapping machine shall fulfil the special requirements given in Annex A. Advice regarding the mounting of the tapping machine on soit floor coveringsis given in Anuex A. d

.g

7.2.3

€ E

e o-

The impact sound shall be generatedby dropping the rubber ball vertically in a free fall from a height of 100 t 1 cm measuredfrom the bottom ofthe rubber ball to the surfaceofthe floor under test.

t

o

E o c c o o o 5

o g

' oF cCn

E 2 !o o(J 1r=

The excitation by the rubber ball shall be made at four or more different positions on the floor or stairs under test. For a lightweight floor with joists, one of these positions should be above the joists and one position should be at the centre point of the floor. 7.3

TE CD .: (EO

E € u, El rfi'6 E' q,

E3

€-3

*.8

66 cig c-o

'aa J? .v,

\,,

Impact source positions for the rubber ball as impact source

E

:r+z

7.3.1

Fixed microphone

positions

for the tapping machine or rubber ball as impact source

General

With the tapping machine or the rubber ball as the impact source, fixed microphones may be used without an operator in the room using a microphone fixed on a tripod. Alternativily, the operator may be present in the room with the microphone fixed on a tripod, or with the operatoi using-a manuallyheld microphone at a fixed position; in both casesthe trunk of the operatoi's body shaf remain aia distance at least an arm's length from the microphone. For the tapping machine as the impact source, the averagingtimes shall satisfy the requirementsin7.7.1.

6g se c6

Microphone positions shall be distributed within the maximum permitted space throughout each . g b room. No two microphonepositionsshall lie in the sameplane relative to the room boundariesand the 8 p positions shall not be in a regular grid. 8; ho-

H_g be 5t

7.3.2

Numberofmeasurements

r:- .6

o.9 otr $lo J( Jo+.r

3E c o o

E o oo U' o

tr o C' o o c o (J

=

The number of microphone positions shall equal the number of tapping machine positions or integer multiples of the number of tapping machine positions. The samenumber of microphonepositionsshall be used for eachtapping machineposition. If four or_fivetapping machine positions are used,at least two measurementsof impact sound pressure level shall be made for each tapping machine position. Measurementsshall be made in at least two different microphone positions for eachtapping machine position. If six or Ttore tapping machine positions are used, at least one measurement of impact sound pressure level shall be made for each tapping machine position. Measurementsshall be carried out at a iifferent microphone position for eachtapping machine position. 7.3.3

Tapping machine operated at more than one position

Measure the sound pressure level in the receiving room for the first impact source position. Calculate the_energy-averagesound pressure level according to Z8J then mak-eany requiied correction for background noise according to 9,2. Calculatethe standardized impact sound pressure level using Formula (1) or the normalized impact sound pressure level using Formula (2). Repeatthis process foi

B

@ ISO 20L5 - All rights reserved

ISO 11283-222015(E)

the other impact source position[s) then calculate the standardized impact sound pressurelevel using Formula (7) or the normalized impact sound pressure level using Formula (8): .

(.

r", =rorgllf

^

.'

..^)

rol"tulto;

1.- i=r

(7)

)

r"=rors[1iro'"rrt'J

t8)

!i

E € e o-

where

-Y o

m

E o c C o o o

is the number of tapping machine positions;

IlnTj is the standardized impact sound pressure level for tapping machine positionj;

o c ot', IU,

Ilnj 7.3.4

.=o a(J o=

€E oo CD: (EO

E 8 t,-r6, d'G -- o. E}

rd3

is the normalized impact sound pressure level for tapping machine positionj. Rubber ball operated at more than one position

Measure the sound pressure level in the receiving room for the first impact source position. Calculate the energy-averagemaximum impact sound pressure level according to 7.8.3then make any required correction for background noise according to Qaue'-9. Repeatthis process for the other impact source position(s),then calculatethe energy-averagemaximum impact sound pressure level using Formula (9):

_o3 -F

8E oig c-o

-a

(,m

.-)

(9)

li,F."*=rogl *:tot''t'ax'i/ro 1

\"'fi

Oo

(J'E

)

>+< =o

EE

is the number of rubber ball positions;

@L (Jo =c

cEF iE o> ]t

Li,Fmax,/ is the maximum impact sound pressure level for rubber ball positiony.

q6rr.

(J

b.e 4c

Calculatethe standardizedmaximum impact sound pressurelevel using Formulae(3), (4) and [5).

o '6

@g_ o= NO .L O' ( J ?

7.4 Mechanized impact source

continuously-moving

microphone

for the tapping

machine as

3E c o

7.4.1

General

o

E o (L o o o

&. I E o v, c o 9

With the tapping machine as the impact source, the microphone shall be mechanically moved with approximatelyconstantangular speedin a circle,or shall be mechanicallyswept along a circular path where the angle of rotation about a fixed axis is between 270" and,360". The sweep radius for the circular traverse shall be at least 0,7 m. The plane of the traverse shall be inclined in order to cover a large proportion of the permitted room spaceand shall not lie in any plane that is less than 10" from any room surfacefwall, floor or ceiling). The duration of a single traverse shall be at least 15 s. Eachcompletetraverse may need to be repeated to satisfythe requirementson the averagingtime in 7.7.2. When using at least six tapping machine positions, the location of the fixed point about which the continuously-movingmicrophonemovesmaybe changed. 7.4.2

Numberofmeasurements

The same number of measurementsshall be taken for eachtapping machineposition and at least one measurementshall be made for eachtapping machine position. @ ISO Z0L5 - All rights reserved

ISO16283-2=2A15G)

7.4.3

Tapping machine operated at more than one position

Calculate the standardized impactsoundpressurelevelor the normalizedimpactsoundpressurelevel as describedin Z3_J. 7 'S Manually-scanned microphone for the tapping machine as impact source 7.5.1 General !t

With the tapping machine as the impact source, the manual-scanning path shall be a circle, a helix, a cylindric_al-typqpath or three semicircles as shown in Ejgrr_rql. Alircle, helix or cylindrical-type path shall be used in unfurnished or furnished rooms. lf there is insufficientspacein the room fori-he operator to use thesepaths,the path consistingof three semicirclesshall be used.Eachcompletepath may need to be repeated to satisfy the requirements on the averagingtime in 7.2J.

,E € -c P

o. -Y o

E o c c o o tt

:

o c o

ctt

When using at least six tapping machine positions,the location of the fixed point from which the manual scanis carried out may be changed.

.69 l=o .o .o E'=

7.5.2

Numberofmeasurements

IE

The same number of measurementsshall be taken for each tapping machine position and at least one .t nbE€ measurementshall be made for eachtapping machine position. CD: (E(E

d'6 e' o.

EI

.g3

H.9 66 di -o c-o

'ea

7.5,3

Tapping machine operated at more than one position

Calculatethe standardizedimpact sound pressurelevel or the normalized impact sound pressurelevel as describedin 7.3.3.

,Q .t!2 \., -C a+z

5g s6

7.5.4

Circle

CC

. g b The_circular path is indicated in Eigurel. The operator shall stand holding the microphone -360". or sound The plane E E level meter with outstretched arm while rotating the body through an angle of 270" to of the circle shall be inclined in order to covera large proportion of tne peimitted room spaceandshall 8; 8.s not lie in any plane that is lessthan 10ofrom any room surface (wall, floor or ceiling).If required,the b.e knees can be bent to reduce the overall height of the microphone; this should alwiys be done when 4c o f- .6 the path is repeated at another position in the room. To minimize operator noise it can be beneficial to (ct .9 otr pausethe measurementmid-way along the path so the operator cin changethe position of the body Nc' Loo€ before continuing the scan.

36 c o o

E

(o (L U' 6 o

u I

o o u, tr o (J

=

The operator shall aim to achievea constant angular speed during the scan. The maximum angular speedshall be approximately20" per second. 7.5.5

Helix

The helical path is indicated in Figure 1. The operator holds the microphone or sound level meter with outstretched arm at a starting position that is 0,5 m above the floor then rotates the body at least twice through 36Oofrom a crouchedto a standing position,finishing with the microphoneat i position that is no more than 0,5 m from the ceiling.To minimize operator noise it can be beneficialto pause the measurement mid-way along the path so the operator can change the position of the body before continuing the scan. The operator shall aim to achievea constant angular speed during the scan.The maximum angular speed shall be approximately 20" per second. 7.5,6

Cylindrical-type

The cylindrical-type path is indicated in Ejgurcl. The operator shall use a 0,3 m to 0,9 m extension rod to hold the microphone.For a right-handed operator, the path starts 0,5 m above the floor from a 10

@ ISO 2A15 - All rights reserved

$o r6283-22A15[E]

position approximately 90" to the left side,the rod is then swept in a circular path parallel to the ground io cover an angle of approximately 220".The sweep continues vertically upwards along a straight line until the microphone is0,5 m from the ceiling, after which another circular sweep coversapproximately 220" in the opposite direction, before descendingto the starting point along a vertical straight line. For a left-handed operator the directions are reversed. During the circular sections of the path the operator shall aim to achieve a constant angular speed. The maximum angular speed shall be approximately 20o per second, with a maximum speed of approximately 0,25 m/s over the straight sections of the path. Ei

.g

€ E

7.5.1

o o-v o

E o c c o (t) rn 3

o c o(', =o 5o (t(J

E .tt(

E

;8 CD .;

Threesemicircles

The path comprising three semicirclesis indicated in Figure 1. The operator shall stand holding the microphone or sound level meter with an outstretched arm, and trace out three semicircles with approximately 45' to 60o separations.The plane of each semi-circleshall not lie in any plane that is less than 10' from any room surface (wall, floor or ceiling). If required, the knees may be bent to reduce the overall height of the microphone; this should be done when the path is repeated at another position in the room. For each of the three semicircles the operator shall aim to achieve a constant angular speed. The maximum angular speedshall be approximately20" per second.

oo

E€ v.

ctl

PE

(

E=

€t

\

-a\ F .= L ' ( !

\.._

oi€ c-o

e a oo

>+< =o

XE Eg (O )L o

=

e

9F o ho.

H.8 b s qc o '6 (cj -9 oE NO JO. 0 ( ) e

3E c o (D

E 6 oU' rtt

o t I E @ g, c o o

Key 1

circle

2 3

helix

4

rylindrical-type three sernicircles

Figure 1 -- Manual-scanning paths

O ISO 2015 - All rights reserved

ISO I62B3-ZIZA15G)

7.6 Minimum distancesfor microphone positions For the defaultprocedure,the following separationdistancesare minimum valuesand shall be exceeded where possible:

15 o 5 -c

a)

0,7 m between fixed microphone positions;

b)

0,5 m between any microphone position and the room boundaries;

c)

1,0 m between any microphone position and the partition being excited by the impact source.

P

7.7

E o

7.7.1

o. l! o c c o o o 5

o E o

clt

.69 l=O rto

€=

odF o6

ED; (o(E

E€

f,E, '6 r; -- o.

E=

e3

*.9 66 oi .g c-o

'ea Orn (JE

Averaging times for the tapping machine as impact source Fixedmicrophonepositions

The averagingtime at eachindividual microphone position shall be at least 6 s in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 400 Hz. For 500 Hz to 5 000 Hz, it is permissibleto decreasethe time to not lessthin 4 slFor 50 Hz to B0 Hz, the averagingtime at eachindividual microphoneposition shall be at least 15 s. 7.7.2

Mechanized continuously-movingmicrophone

The averaging time shall cover a whole number of complete traverses and shall be at least 30 s for 100 Hz to 5 000 Hz, and at least 60 s for 50 Hz to 80 Hz. 7.7.3

Manually scanned microphone

The averagingtime shall cover a whole number of complete paths and shall be at least 30 s for 100 Hz to 5 000 Hz, and at least 60 s for 50 Hz to 80 Hz.

>r( :o

EE 7.8

Calculation

of energy-average

sound pressure levels

O L

oo

:=tr

E P o$-

7.8.1

itxeedI microphonre) positions for the tapping machine as impact source Fi

tn ho-

H . g The energy-i-a\veragesoundpressurelevel in the receivingroom is determinedusing Formula [10): be

Ec tF

o

'6

d.9 otr

Li:L

NO Jo-

()*-

3E c o o

E

!t o o c o (J

:

"I

(10)

I

np3

)

where

(0 tL o o o E,

I

,( olg

', ")pi + p;. +.,.* p?3\ I

pr2, p22,...pr2

are the mean-squaresoundpressuresat n different microphonepositionsin the room;

po

is the referencesound pressure and is equal to 20 ppa.

In practice, the sound pressure levels are usually measured and the energy-average sound pressure level shall be determined using Formula (11): (.

n

t

ri =1org[1f ro'inoI ["Fi )

[1 1)

where L!, L2,...,Lnare the sound pressure levels at n different microphone positions in the room.

t2

@ ISO 20L5 - All righrs reserved

$O 16283-2=2O15(E)

nnlurously-movi ng microphone and manually-scanned microphone for 7.8.2 Mec:ha nze,dI corn ri antz I lp,act source rinn(e a s Iim, the tapping ! mnach chi a

'ag( g e} SSr O UnI dd p) f t essurelevel in the receivingroom is determinedusing Formula (LZ): The energy-i avl/eraI

Li :1o lg

\ rm T, Ll" p 2 (t )dr t T *m ' ,

Ei o

I 0

p3

(r2)

E .C I o-

where

!

o

.= o

is the sound pressure,in Pascals;

p

C c o q) o f

T'n is the averagingtime, in seconds.

o c o

ct,

=o bo o()

€=

06E oo CDJ (EO

.aE € E| *'6 -'o

ir=

_8' EF 8€ 6t '9 co

ea

oo O=

>+< :o

When more than one traverse or scan is carried out in the same room, the energy-averagesound pressurelevel in the room is determinedusing Formula (13): ( loLL/to+lyLzlro +....+10rnl10l I f1 ?l nl \./ where L\, L2,...,Ln are energy-averagesound pressurelevelsfrom n different traverses/scansin the room. r

7.A3

Li,F*,* j :1org[*

9F

b s qc

' o6

Fixed microphone positions for the rubber ball as impact source

For each rubber ball position,T,the energy average,maximum impact sound pressure level, Ll,prnx*;in the receivingroom is determinedusing Formula (14):

:E 2g gb o> o qo s' C)

-rnt-l

'-l

t

lsri'r- axj'kl10 ]

[14)

Li,Fmax,,,n are the maximum sound pressurelevelsat n different microphone where L;,p6axj,L,Li,Fmax;,z,..,, positionsin the room for rubber ball positionj.

..i .9 o= NO Jo.

0()-

gE c o

I Low-frequency procedure for sound pressure level measurement for the tapping machine as impact source

o

E 6

ogl o

o t 9 E o It c o .o

8.1

General

The low-frequencyprocedure shall be used for the 50 Hz, 63 Hz, and 80 Hz one-third octave bands in the receiving room when its volume is smaller than 25 p3 (calculated to the nearest cubic metre). Sound pressure level measurements are used to determine the highest level in the corners of the receiving room with the tapping machine in operation, and the background noise level in the receiving room when the tapping machineis switched off. A.2 A.z.L

Generation of sound field General

Sound shall be generated using the standard tapping machine. Requirements for the tapping machine are specifiedin,\nrtt'r A.

@ ISO 2015 - All rights reserved

rso 16283-22A15(E)

4.2.2

Impact source positions

The tapping machine shall be operated in at least two of the same positions that were used for the default procedure that satisfy the requirements given in I _ZJ. 8.3

Microphonepositions

F91the low-frequencyprocedurea fixed microphoneshall be positionedin room cornersat a distance of 0,3 m to 0,4 m from eachroom boundary that forms the corner - see example in Er{3it,cZ.

'rct o

NOTE The distancefrom each-boundary that formsthe cornerdoesnot haveto be identical.For example,it couldbe positionedat a distanceof 0,3m from oneboundary,0,35m from anotherboundaryand 0,4m from t'he remainingboundary.

F E

e o.

to

E o c, c o o o 5

o c oo)

E E !o oo E-=

IE CD -: (E(E

bv) € r; -'o

ct) '6

E=

g=

t*o L'

(O

d; .e

c, -o

ea

oo (JE

>+

6g s6 ec

Key 1

wall

(Droo

2

ceiling

gF 8;

NOTE

=tr

ss be qc tF-

o

.6

(cj -9 (o\ttro J( Jor .

3E c o

This is an illustrative example of only one possible corner position in a room.

Figure 2 - Exampleof a corner microphone position where the distance,4 shall be between 0,3 m and 0,4 m A minimum of four corners shall be measured using a fixed or manually-held microphone for each impact source position.

o

E

o oo jn

o

u o

E o o c o .9

For each set of four corner measurements,two corners should be at ground level and two corners should be at ceiling level. These corners may or may not be adjacent to the partition. Corners shall be used which are formed bythree intersectingsurfaces[suchas walls, doors,windows, floor, or ceiling) each having an area of at least 0,5 m2, that are perpendicular to each other; with no objects suctr ii furniture within 0,5 m of the corner. Where this is not possible,corners can be used where the three intersecting surfaces have angles between pairs of the surfaces between 45o and 135o,and/or where there are objects close to the three intersecting surfaces, and/or where an object such as a cupboard forms one of the intersecting surfaces. For the 50 Hz, 63 Hz and 80 Hz one-third octave bands calculate the low-frequency energy-average sound pressure level for the source and/or receiving room according to fl,S, then cailulate tfie stan_dardizedimpact sound pressure level using Formula (1) or the normilized impact sound pressure level using Formula (2).

T4

@ ISO2AI5 - AII rightsresen/ed

ISO I6283'222O15(E)

8.4

Averaging time

For the low-frequency procedure, the averaging time at each individual microphone position shall be at least 15 s.

8.5 Calculation of low-frequency energy-averageimpact sound pressunelevels

o

E € c

I o. v o

When the tapping machine is operated at one position (and then further measurementsare taken with the tapping machine in different positions),determine the highest sound pressure level from the set of measured corners for each of the 50 Hz, 63 Hz and 80 Hz bands after making any required correction for background noise according to 9.2. For eachfrequency band, the corner sound pressure level is then calculated from Formula (1,5):

E o

+ P?orner,TM 2t* ""+ P\,orner,TMq

= 10EI P?.ornn,TMl Li,corner

c C o

o a :t

o c ocD

qp8

(1s)

where

=a

pZcorner,TMq p2corner,TMl ar€ the highest mean-square sound pressures (that have , pZcornerit4z,..., been corrected for background noise where necessary) from corner measurementscorrespondingto the q tapping machine positions;

o) i= a()

€=

od5 (D(J CDJ oo =-o

E3 Pq

EI

8E oi€ c-o

-a

oo 0()E >+< :o

EE

is the referencesoundpressureand is equalto 20 pPa.

po

-g3

NOTE For eachof the 50 H2,63 Hz and 80 Hz bands,the mean-squaresoundpressurevaluesneededto with differentcornersin the room. maybe associated calculateli,corn"I. The low-frequency energy-averagesound pressure level in the 50 Hz, 63 Hz and B0 Hz bands is from the low-frequency procedure calculated by combining tr; from the default procedure and Li,6e1ng, using Formula (16):

OL (Jo = ?

8F Li,LF

6 h o .

H,g bs qc

= 1o'r[ 1 0

o,1Li,co*", + ( 2 . 1 0 0 ' 1 t iJ

(16)

3

, r ' a oi

.(t2

I

Background noise (default and low-frequency procedure)

NO cL .!.

0()-

EE

9.1

General

C o

@

E o (L .1, 6 o

tr I

p o .n c o .9

Measurementsof backgroundnoise levelsshall be made to ensurethat the signallevel in the receiving room is not affectedby the backgroundnoiseand to allow a correctionas describedin 9.2.Extraneous sound, such as noise from outside the test room, electrical noise in the receiving system, mechanical devicesused for the continuously-movingmicrophone and operators inside the test room all contribute to the background noise level. It is recommended to check that the sound level meter does not introduce spurious signals when pressing buttons which start, pause or stop the measurement. Operators are a potential source of background noise when using a) fixed microphone positions where the operator remains inside the receiving room, b) manually-held microphones or c) manually-scanned microphones.Self-generatednoise from the operator can result from sourcessuch as clothing, shoes,or arm/knee joints. For a), b) and c), the operator shall use at least one of the following three methods to try and identify self-generatednoise in the receiving room: 1) the time history of the A-weighted sound pressure level (Fast time weighting) to look for unusual transient events,2) the difference between the maximum sound pressure level with Fasttime weighting and the equivalent continuous sound pressure level in frequencybands to indicateunusualtransient events,and 3) their own hearing,but only when hearing protection is not required and not used. Using one or more of these methods the operator shall @ ISO 20L5 - All rights reserved

rso 16283-22O15(E)

ensure that self-generatednoise due to their movement and activity during the sound pressure level measurementof the signal level is similar to that during the background noise measurements. For manually-scannedmicrophones,the operator shall carry out the backgroundnoise measurement using the sametype of manual-scanningpath that is used foithe signalleve-imeasurement. For the low-frequency procedure, a background noise measurementshall be carried out in each corner that is used to calculate the corner sound pressure levels. NOTE For eachof the 50 Hz,63 Hz and 80 Hz bands,the valuesfor L4661ns1 can be associated with different cornersin the room;henceeachbandcanrequirean individualcorrection[o i]ii signallevelfor backgroundnoise.

!t o

F E

g

The_minimumaveragingtimesfor the backgroundnoisemeasurementshall satisfy the requirementsin 7,7.Using an averaging time that exactly equals these minimum time periods is only apprbpriate when the background noise is steady and continuous;otherwise, longer aveiaging times iha[tbe used.

o. f o

E c) c c o o o

:

To checkthe electrical noise in the receiving system, replace the microphone by a dummy microphone.

o c o crr €.E

9.2

.d9

Correction

to the signal level for background

noise

l=o vr(J

€= €x

For the defaultand the low-frequencyprocedures,the backgroundnoiselevel shall be at least 6 dB (and prefera_blymore than 10 dB) below the level of signal and background noise combined at eachfrequency .jnbE,€ band.If the differencein levelsis smallerthan 10 dB but greaGr than 6 dB, calculatecorrections-toth-e '6 energy-averageimpact sound pressure level, the corner impact sound pressure level and the energyri E- o. average maximum impact sound pressure level using Formula (17): E= o6

CD; (E(E

.g3 + 6 !aE L'

L - 10lg(10l'b lra - 10 Lblla )

tE

.s di c-o

(17)

aa Oo

(JE

where

>+. =o

EE

I

is the adjusted signal level, in decibels;

(DL(Jo

:=

156 is the level of signal and background noise combined,in decibels;

q6 o

o hcL

H.g b .g qc o '6

((i .9 OE C\(l, o. .! (J{-

3E c o o

E {E

oo o

o E, o E o o c o o

:

L6 is the background noise level, in decibels. The values for tr56and 16 shall be reduced to one decimal place before use in Formula (17). This is done by taking the value in tenths of a dB closestto the reported values such that XX,XYZZL...is rounded to XX,Xif Y is lessthan 5 and to XX,X+ 0,1if Y is equalto or greaterthan 5. If the differencein levels is less than or equal to 6 dB in any of the frequency bands,use the 1,3 dB correction. For each frequency band where this is the case for the default procedure and/or the lowfrequencyprocedure,it shall be clearly indicatedin the report that a 1,3 dR correction has been made and that the values are at the limit of the measurement. NOTE The energy-average maximumimpactsoundpressurelevelthat is measuredwith the rubber ball is notcorre-cted by a backgroundnoiselevelthat is describedusingthe maximumsoundpressurelevel.This is due to-thedifficulty in determiningwhetherthe maximumlevelrepiesentingthe backgroundnoiseis likely to have affectedthe signallevelthat is measureddueto the impactof the rubberball.

1O Reverberation time in the receiving room (defautt and low-frequency procedure) 1O.1General Thisclause describes thedefaultprocedure thatshallbeusedin thereceiving roomforall reverberation time measurements,anda low-frequency procedure that shall be used when the receiving room volume is smaller than 25 p3 (calculatedto the nearest cubic metre).

L6

@ ISO 2075 - All rights reserved

ISO 1i283'2I2O15(E)

The reverberation times shall be measured using the interrupted noise method or the integrated impulse response method as described in ISO 3382-2 and ISO L8233. The engineering method is preferred althoughthe precisionmethod may be used. Evaluation of the reverberation time from the decay curve shall start at 5 dB below the initial sound pressure level. The preferred evaluation range is 20 dB. The bottom ofthe evaluation range shall be at least 10 dB abovethe overall backgroundnoiselevel. Any operator who was in the receiving room during the sound pressure level measurement shall also be in the receiving room for reverberation time measurements.The operator may be present in the room with the microphone fixed on a tripod, or with the operator using a manually-held microphone at a fixed position; in both casesthe trunk of the operator'sbody shall remain at a distanceat least an arm's length from the microphone.

E

.E € c

I

o

t:

o

E c,

To determine the normalized impact sound pressure level, calculate the equivalent sound absorption area from the reverberation time using Formula (6).

c c o q) o 5 o c o

cr,

10.2 Generation of sound field

=a .=o tto

fr=

;E oo CD -i (EO

hvt €

trt)

F8

i, I

It

+E 66

di .o c-o

ea

oo (JE

->+ =o

EE

Use loudspeaker(s) at fixed positions that comply with the directivity requirements in Annex B. Loudspeakersmay be used simultaneouslyprovided they are of the same type and are driven at the samelevel by similar,but uncorrelated,signals. For the default procedure, the sound generated in the room shall be steady and have a continuous spectrum over the frequencyrange considered,Parallelmeasurementsover the required range of onethird octavebands may be taken using a broadbandnoisesignal.If filtering of the sourcesignal is used for each frequency band under test, use a filter with a coruespondingcentre-band frequency with a bandwidth of at least one-third octave. For the low-frequency procedure,the sound generatedin the room shall be steadyand have a continuous spectrum at least over the frequencyrange coveredby the 63 Hz octaveband.

(O )L o = ?

E6

? ,; ha.

H.g b e qc

!-

o '6

(cJ? 5 E N(t) O' .l Oe (D ('\

io :o o

10.3 Default procedure The default procedure shall use the interrupted noise method described in 10.5 or the integrated impulse responsemethod describedin 10,,6for all one-third octave bands between 50 and 5 000 Hz when the receiving room has a volume larger than 25 p3 [calculated to the nearest cubic metre), and between 100 Hz and 5 000 Hz when the receiving room has a volume smaller than 25 sr3 (calculatedto the nearestcubicmetre).

10.4 Low-frequencypnocedure

E

(o L o ul o G.

I E o .A c o .9

The low-frequency procedure shall use the interrupted noise method described in 10.5 or the integrated impulse response method described in 10,6when the receiving room volume is smaller than 25 m3 (calculated to the nearest cubic metre). This procedure requires that the reverberation time is measured in the 63 Hz octave band instead of the 50 H2,63 Hz and 80 Hz one-third octave bands and that this single measured value is used to represent the 50 H2,63 Hz and 80 Hz bands in the calculation of L's and / or L 1 and f ot L i,Fmax,v,T. In small room volumes there are relatively few room modes that determine the decay curve in the NOTE 1 50 Hz, 63 Hz and 80 Hz bands. Hencethe use of 20 dB or 30 dB evaluation ranges on the decay curves from onethird octave bands are prone to error becausesingle-slopedecay curves usually only occur when there are many modes in each frequency band. This issue can be partly resolved through use ofthe 53 Hz octave band filter. NOTE 2 In timber- or steel-frame buildings with gypsum or timber board linings the reverberation times in the 50 H2,63 Hz and 80 Hz bands can be sufficiently short that the decay curve is affected by the decay time of the one-third octave band filters in the analyser.This can be avoided by using a 63 Hz octave band filter due to its wider bandwidth which allows the measurement of shorter reverberation times.

O ISO 20L5 - All rights reserved

ISO16283-2:2015(E)

10.5 Interrupted noise method For fixed or manually-hgldmicrophone positions,the minimum number of measurementsrequired for each frequency band is six. At least one loudspeaker position shall be used with three fixed microphonepositions and two measurementsat each position, or six fixed microphonepositions and one measurementat each position. For a mechanizedcontinuously-movingmicrophone,the minimum number of measurementsrequired for eachfrequencyband is six. At least one loudspeakerposition shall be used with six measurements carried out along the microphone traverse.

dq,

E .c

e

10.6 Integrated impulse response method

E o

For the integrated impulse response method, measurement of the reverberation time shall use fixed microphonepositions.

o. .Y o c c o o a

=

o C

oo)

Using an impulse source,the minimum number of measurementsrequired for each frequency band is six. At least one sourceposition and six fixed microphonepositionsshlll be used.

.dg l=O ut()

€=

The reverberationtime shall be calculatedbyreverse-timeintegrationof the squaredimpulseresponse.

odF OU cD -: oo

.t nEE € 11 Conversion to octave bands '6

Fi F-6 or= (Ut _-o.3

x.9

66 oi€ c.o

For the tapping machineas the impact source,if the standardizedimpact sound pressurelevel or the normalized impact sound pressurelevel are neededin octave bands,these values shall be calculated from the three one-third octaveband valuesin eachoctaveband using Formula(18) or (19),respectively:

ea

ou, (JE

I I

LnT,oct

>+(

- lotr[*

ho

XE

iho CC 0)aoo

,

=tr

f !n,oct

EP 8;

Lotn''rrsoct'nllo ]

= 1or-[l lo/n,,/3oct" "o

qor-t

(J

be qc o T- .6 (Gt -9 otr (\to cL .!

(re) ]

For the rubber ball as impact source,if the standardized maximum impact sound pressure level is neededin octave bands,these values shall be calculated from the three onb-third octave band values in each octave band using Formula (20):

0 ()+t tt\ O

xo

li,Fto

c o

,v,T,oct

= 10 tt[*

19

r,,r,nax,v ,r,r/3od,nnt

E tE

@ tt,

uo o E

o

o g o

(20) ]

o

o-

(rB)

The one-thirdoctavebandvaluesshall be reducedto one decimalplacebeforeuse in Formulae[18), Qg] l4 (20).This is doneby taking the valuein tenthsof a dB closeitto the reportedvaluessuctritrit xX,xYzzZ...is roundedto XX,Xif Y is lessthan 5 and to XX,X+ 0,1if Y is equll to or greaterthan 5. Presentthe final resultswith no higherprecisionthan to the nearest0,1dB.

.9

12 Expressionof results For the statement of the impact sound insulation, the measurementresults, L'y17or ln, shall be given in decibelsat all measurementfrequenciesin one-third octave bands to one decimal plaie, both iniabular form and in the form ofa curve. Graphs in the test report shall show the value in decibels plotted against frequency on a logarithmic scale;the following dimensions shall be used: a)

5 mm for a one-third octave band;

b)

20 mm for 10 dB. @ ISO 20L5 - All rights reserved

ISO 16283-2=2015(E)

text statingall relevant The preferredformat for the graphsis given Annel.L with the accompanying informationconcerningthe test site,construction,procedureand results.

13 Uncertainty The uncertainty of the measurementresult shall be determined in accordancewith the method given in ISOt2999-L. 1f

.g

€

14 Test report

-c

I

o.Y, o

E o C o o o 5 o c o(')

The test report shall include at least the following information: a)

referenceto this International Standard and the year of publication [i.e. ISO L6283-2:2OLS);

b)

name of the organization that has performed the measurements;

c)

name and address of the organization or person who commissionedthe test (client);

=a .:o a()

€=

d) date ofthe test;

065 (l)c) CD: (U(!

e)

description and identification of the building construction (address or other unambiguous identifierJ and test arrangement (including any temporary modification of the room contents for the test, e.g.the introduction of diffusers;seeelause6);

f)

volume of the receiving room (calculatedto the nearest cubic metre);

g)

impact source;

h)

standardized impact sound pressure level,l-i1v or the normalized impact sound pressure level, l'n, or the standardized maximum impact sound pressure level, tr'i,Fma x,VTas a function of frequency;

i)

brief description of the test procedure, brief details of the equipment, and indicate if the lowfrequency procedure was used for sound pressure level and reverberation time in the 50 Hz, 63 Hz and 80 Hz one-third octavebands;

j)

indications of results which are to be taken as limits of measurement.They shall be given as s...dB.This shall be applied if the sound pressure level in any band is not L's1y or L'n or L';,p.6ax,r4T measurableon accountofbackground noise (seeClause9);

E € |,Et

PE

ET -+3 EF

8fi di .e c-o

-a Oo

()E >+z =o

;E

io -c ( p g oo

= 8E OF o (DO tt (J

b e qc

o F'A Gi .9_ o= NO Jo-

0()-

3E C

o o

For the evaluationof single-numberratings from the curves,use ISO 717-2.It shall be clearly stated that the evaluation has been based on a result obtained by a field method. The test report should also includethe uncertainty in the single-numberrating.

E (!

oaa

The recommendedform for the expressionof results is given in Aunex C.

v, o g. I E o u, c

g

@ ISO 20L5 - All rights reserved

$o r6283-22015(E)

AnnexA [normative) Impact sources a o

A.1 Standard tapping machine

tg -c

I

o.

13

A.1.1 Requirements

o

E o c c, o o o

The standard tapping machine shall have five hammers placed in a line. The distance between centrelines of neighbouring hammers shall be (100 t 3) mm.

o c ocD

E9 bo o(J

€=

TE Er -: o(s

.b€ tt,

E,

*'6 E' o.

EE

SF R.E

66 st '9 c..o

ea

,Q .g

ly,

The distance between the centre of the supports of the tapping machine and the centrelinesof neighbouringhammers shall be at least 100 mm. The supports shall be equippedwith vibrational insulatingpads. The momentum of each hammer that strikes the floor shall be that of an effective mass of 500 g which falls freely from a height of 40 mm within tolerance limits for the momentum of !5 o/o.Asfrictio-n of the hammer-guidanceshall be taken into account,it shall be ensuredthat not only the massof the hammer and the_fallingheight,but also the velocity of the hammer at impact,lie within the following limits: the mass of each hammer shall be (500 x 12) g from which it follows that the velocity at impict shall be (9f886t 0,022)m/s. The tolerancelimits of the velocity may be increasedto a maximum oit0,033 m/s if it is ensuredthat the hammer masslies within accordinglyreducedlimits of [500 t 6) g.

-C

-> +z

6g H6 ec =o o gE 8; O L

ss be 55

The falling direction of the hammersshall be perpendicularto the test surfaceto within +0,5". The part of the hammer carrying the impact surfaceshall be cylindrical with a diameter of (30 ! O,Z) mm. The impact surface shall be of hardened steel and shall be sphericalwith a curvature radius o? (500 t 100) mm. Testing for fulfilment of this requirement may be performed in the following ways. a]

.U'

d.g otr (\t o J( Jo+ .,

g6

The curves of FrsurciJ describe a curvature of 500 mm. The distance between the curves is the smallest distance that allows both the 400 mm and 600 mm radius to fall within the tolerance limits. The accuracyof the measurementshall be at least 0,01mm.

c o o

-F o

oo o

b)

o

u .9 T' o o c o

:

C)

The curvature of the impact surface is considered to comply with the specificationsif the measurement results lie within the tolerancesgiven in lirgur_gA.1when a meter is moved over the surface on at least two lines through the centre point, the lines being perpendicular to each other.

The curvature of the hammer heads may be tested by using a spherometer with three feelers lying on a circle with a diameter of 20 mm.

The tapping machine shall be self-driven. The mean time between impacts shall be [100 t 5) ms. The time between successiveimpacts shall be (100 t 20) ms. The time between impact and lift of the hammer shall be lessthan B0 ms. For standard tapping machines that are used for testing impact sound insulation of floors with soft coverings or uneven surfaces,it shall be ensured that it is possiblefor the hammers to fall at least 4 mm below the plane on which the supports of the tapping machine rest. All adjustments on the standard tapping machine and verification of the fulfilment of the requirements shall be performed on a flat hard surfaceand the tapping machineshall be used in that conditionon any test surface. The weight of the tapping machine shall be less than 25 kg in order not to load tightweight floors or floor coverings differently.

20

@ IS0 2AL5- All rightsreserved

KO 16283'2t2015(E)

300 250 200 150 E

E €

100

c

g ox o

50

E o c c o o a

.F0

X

b c o

ct)

lo

-50 -15

-10

E

€F oU

CDJ (E(! !o vo vt crl

*'6 --q

Et

g'

F E E6 -.9 c-o

-a

oo (JE

>+< :o

0

YI

.:O

.a .9

Key X Y

distance from centre (mm) relative height (Fm)

NOTE The relative height at the centre can be chosenfreely within 0 pm to 50 pm to make the curvature of the hammer head fit within the tolerance limit.

FigureA.1- Tolerancelimits for the curvature of hammerheads

;;

? H Or(Jo

=

F

EP 8-'. 8. E' bo 4c o 'r '6 (cj .2 oE NO .L o'

0()€

3E C o o

E @

oQ

o o

t

I E (D ut c @ I

A.1.2 Regular checksof performance Some of the parameters need to be measured only once, unless the tapping machine has been reconstructed or repaired. This concernsthe distance between hammers, supports of the tapping machine, diameter of the hammers, mass of the hammers (unless the hammer heads have been refinished),time between impact and lift, and maximum possiblefalling height of the hammers. The velocityof the hammers,diameterand curvature of hammerheads,falling direction of the hammers and time between impacts shall be verified regularly. The fulfilment of the requirement shall be verified at regular intervals under standard laboratory conditions.The test shall be performed on a test surface that is flat to within i0,1 mm and horizontal to within t0,1". The uncertainty of the verification measurementsshall be at maximum 20 o/oofthevaluesofthe tolerances.

A.2 Rubber ball A.2.1 Requirements The rubber ball shall generate the impact force exposure level in each octave band shown in'l'able A.1 and Eigu1_ei*] when it is dropped vertically in a free fall from the height of 100 t 1 cm measured from the bottom ofthe rubber ball to the surface ofthe floor under test.

@ ISO 20t5 - All righs resen/ed

2L

ISOr6283-2-.2O15(E)

The impact force exposure level, lpg, is 10 times the common logarithm of the ratio of the timeintegrated value of the impact force squared to the square of the reference force, as expressed in decibelsby Formula (A.1):

[A.1) where E

g

€

F(t)

is the instantaneous force acted on the floor under test when the rubber ball is dropped on the floor, in newtons;

E

e o-

J

o

F9

is the referenceforce (= 1 N);

c c o o o

tz- tt

is the time duration of the impact force,in seconds;

o

Tref

is the referencetime interval (= 1 s).

E o

g

' oF C ctt =o bo t/,o

rr=

odF oE Ell ; ruo

E € oE *'6 -- o.

E I ot

Table A.1 - Impact force exposure level in each octave band of the rubber ball Octave band centre frequency Hz

3L , 5

Impact force exposure level, Lps dBrelN

e r-, - 5 (E q; .9 c-a

63

39,0t 1,0 3 L , 0+ 1 , 5

'aa

L25

23,0+ 1-,5

Oo ()E

250

-b ;z

500

L7,0! 2,0 L 2 , 5+ 2 , 0

-*= cLx

ox

sc c 5 O L

oo :=F

EE 8; o 6tc)

bs

qc !F

o

.6

Gi .9 c)tr c{o JO. ( ) + .

gE c o o

E (D

ou, o o t o 1t o rtt c o

() :

@ ISO 2AI5 - All rights reserved

ISO16283'2:2015(E)

Y 60

50

E

g

40

€

c

e o-

-L

o

E o

c C o o o 5 r_ o c oo,

30

\,

\

€ L

v

\

= q , l-

20

rlt

vra

€-= 065 oo

\ \

CDJ (!(E

E € aE Pq

\

10

Ei

-g=

*.0 5E d€ c-o

-a

oo ().E -)

31,5

,-

63

125

250

+<

s00

X

b A

ox

se c6 OL (Jo

PP o b tt g a ! ( D O ' LJ(J

bs 2c rF

Key X

o

.6

Y

octaveband centre frequency [Hz] impact force exposurelevel (dB re 1 N)

Figure A.2 - Impact force exposure level in each octave band of the rubber ball

.(j -2

rF OE N(l) O'.| ( J d

showsthe impactforcewaveformof the rubberball. lilgrrrt:-r\-3

EE C

o o

E CE

ou, ]D o

a. I p o tn g (D

() =

@ ISO 20L5 - All rights reserved

ISO 16283-22O15(E)

Y

ct o

5 .9

e

o. .l! o

E o c c o o o

:

X

o c Oor

Key .62 E6 X time [ms) €= Y impactforce[N) ;8 .t nEE €, NorE Therubberball caneitherbe droppedmanuallyor usingan automatedset-up lto

6rl

tr

CD -: (EO

d ' 6U'

F-

E=

Figure A.3 - Impact force waveform of the rubber ball measured on a heavy concrete floor

.g= 9 . 6'E !? rro

di .o c .ct

e a 4.2.2 Exampleof the construction of the rubber ball

(OJo E >+< =o

;E E g (Droo :=

A rubber ball with the following characteristicscan realize the conditionsspecifiedin iL2=Z: aJ shapeand size:hollow ball of 180 mm in diameterwith 30 mm thickness(see6.+u_r:t\..1J; b)

composition:see'ftrbleA.2;

&g be

c)

effective mass: (2,5 t 0,1) kg;

f- '6 ((t .g_ (fE (\lo Jo.

d)

coefficient of restitution: 0,8 t 0,1.

E F'+-

{1 ut !:

cl.

4 so

Table A.2 - Composition of the rubber ball

( ) + .

3E c

o o

Material

E E oat, o

o

u

Massfractior w1a t

o ro o o g

Silicon rubber

Peroxide cross-linking agent

Pigment

Vulcanizing agent

2

2

<0,L

1_00

Parts by mass per hundred parts by mass of rubber.

s

24

@ ISO 2A15 - All rights reserved

ISO I6283'2I2O15(E)

"tc,

E € E

e o-

*o

E o

Key

c C o o o

1.

pin hole (1 mm in diameter)

f

o c oo,

Figure A.4 - Sectionview of the rubber ball

E 2 !o o()

€=

:E

A.2.3 Regular checks of performance

E € U, E,

of the impactforceexposurelevelof theball onlyneedto bemeasuredonce Thefrequencycharacteristics whentheyshouldbe checked. unlessthe rubberball is visiblycrackedor damaged after manufacture,

CDJ (!(E

* ' 6th. .'

Et

-o3

F E 66 d e c-o

-o oa

o.E >+ =o

EE Eb EE ? ,; !o-

tsg b e qc

!-

o 'a

(ct -2 clE N(l) O.j. l ) e

3E :o

o

E (E

oo (,l o E.

I E o .n c

g

@ lS0 20L5 - All rights reserved

ISO L6283-222O15(E)

Annex B (normative) Requirementsfor loudspeakersused for reverberation time measurements .lf o

F -c

g o.

8.1 General

J

o

E o C c o o o

A loudspeakershall be a closedcabinet containing one or more individual speakerunits. All speaker units in the samecabinetshall radiate in phase.

o

The directivity of loudspeakersshall have approximately uniform, omnidirectional radiation. The qualification procedure for loudspeakerdirectivity that is describedin 8.2 shall be used to confirm that the loudspeaker is suitable for measurements.

g

o(I, E.c -69 .bo .tn .() E= ooF

OU

ED -.: (E(o

E € tn6 r;

'6

-'

q.

N9TE - _ ln choosinga suitableloudspeaker, it is commonto find that loudspeakers mountedon the surfaces of a polyhedron,preferablya dodecahedron, will giveuniform,omnidirectionairadiation.This is alsoachievable with a hemispherepolyhedronloudspeaker that is mounteddirectly on the floor.

E T GU

-*3

*.0

6E ol€ c-o

8,2 Qualification procedure for directivity

'aa

To test the directional radiation ofa loudspeaker,measurethe sound pressurelevelsaround the source at a distanceof 1,5 m from the centre of the loudspeakerin a free-fieldenvironment.The loudspeaker :!+( shouldbe rotated using a turntable or by taking discretemeasurementsat 5" intervals.The loudspeaker =o ; E .shallbe driven with a broadbandnoisesignal,and measurementsmade in one-third octavebands. E P Or=o o Measure lsoo" which -is the energy-averagelevel for the complete arc of 360o. Measure L3g,ivalues E E for each angle step i (typically chosen as 1o or 5o intervals) which correspond to the H . g value over an arc of 30" that is centred around the anglestep (i.e.t15'J. Thi directivity "nergfiv"rage indicesshall 5e ho calculatedusing Formula(8.L): 6= 5b Ao (JE

OF 3I' hcL

'6 (ct .9

DIi:L3ooo-L3o,i

OE NO O. .l (J+.

3E c o o

E 6 rL v, u, o

u

o :o o u, c q) (J

=

(8.1)

For one-third octave bands, the loudspeaker(s) can be considered to have uniform omnidirectional radiation if the DI values are within t2 dB for the frequency range from 100 Hz to 630 Hz, lS dB for 800 Hz and t8 dB for the frequencyrange from 1 000 Hz to 5 000 Hz. Carry out the test in different planesto ensure inclusion of the "worst case"condition. For a polyhedron source,testing in one plane is sufficient. This qualification procedure shall be carried out at intervals not exceedingtwo years to ensure conformance.

26

O ISO2AL5- All rightsreserved

rso L6283-22O15(E)

Annex C Iinformative) Forms for th,eexpression of results This annex gives examplesof forms for the expression of results for the field measurementsof impact sound insulation between rooms for one-third octave bands. The curves of referencevalues shown in the forms (see Figurq-(*l, j:rgule-C.2 and i-r-Curqel) are taken from ISO 7L7-2.The reference curves should be supplemented or at least replaced by the shifted reference curves in accordancewith the proceduredescribedin ISO7L7-2.

d

E € -c

e

o. .Y o

E o) C

o q, a :f

o c O(') =

ct)

o()

€=

atr

;8

CD: oo

E€ l,,Et

Pfr

EI

-g3

*.o 6E di .o c-o

-a

oo OE -> +<

:iFr. =O ec

@L (Jo

=

EO b E o hcL

H.g b e qc rF-

o

.6

(Cj .2 oE (\lo .g o'

0()€

/1

(l,

xCI c o o

E

(o o. u, ]t o

tr I

E o v, c @ .g

@ ISO ZAIS - All rights reserved

ISO 16283-2:2O15(E)

Standardizedimpactsoundpressurelevels,,,nfiaccordingtoISoL6ffi Fieldmeasurements otj*p3$!9g44 insulationof floorsusingthe tappingmachine CIient: Date oftest: Description and identification of the building construction and test arrangement,etc. p3 Receivingroom volume:

!t

.g

€ s, e o. lro

Frequency

E o c c o o o

f

Hz

:' o c ocn

50

-6p Eo (6J

63

IE E € itr B

-

L25

'6 o.

E= *.0 66

\

50

160

-*Q 3

20a 250

c i- go g

la oo

(JE

\ \

315

-bx

8g

400

drF i6(l'

e c (Dr-

30

500

.(Jo

xF €F

630 800

cL

H.g b.g Ec 'a

dB

L00

CD; (!(E

tt !-

L'

BO

EF

r; .-

L'nT one third octave

125

2 000

4 000

1 000

o

cct .9 (o\ttro JO(Je

3E c o o E

L 250 1 600

frequencyrangeaccordingto the

2 000

curve of referencevalues[lSO 7L7-Z)

2 500 3 1-50

(E

ottt a o

u o t, o u, c o o 5

4 000 5 000 Rating in accordancewith ISO7L7-2: L'sy,s(C1)=

Ct,so-zsoo=dB

0dB;

Evaluationbasedon field measurementresults obtained by an engineeringmethod No. of test report: Date;

Name of test institute:

Signature:

Figure C.1- Example of a form for the expression of results using the tapping machine

@ ISO 20L5 - All rights reserved

IS0 L6ZB3-222O15(E)

Normalized impact sound pressure levels,l'n, according to ISO t6283'2 Field measurementsof impact sound insulation of floors using the tapprng rnqgltng

Client: Dateoftest: Description and identification of the building construction and test arrangement,etc. E

63

Receivingroom volume:

.E € .C

I o. v o

Frequency

E 0)

f

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50 63 BO 100

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800

63

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000

2000

4000

1000

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curve of referencevalues (lSO 717-2)

o

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9 E (D U' c (D

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[) dB;

= dB Ct,so-zsoo

Evaluation based on field measurementresults obt;ainedby an engineeringmethod No. of test report: Date:

Name of test institute:

Signature:

Figure C.2 - Example of a form for the expression of results using the tapping machine

@ IS0 20L5 - All rights reserved

IsO r6283-22O15(E)

Standardized maximum impact sound pressure levels,L'i,Fmax,vr,according to ISo 162g3-2 Field measurements orlrnqagt sound insulation of floors using the rubber ball

Client: Date oftest: Description and identification of the building construction and test arrangement, etc. p3 Receivingroom volume;

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€ e -g

CL .Y

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Hz

=

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Name of test institute:

Date:

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No. of test report:

Figure C.3 - Example of a form for the expression of results using the rubber ball

o

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ou, v, o

u

o

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@ ISO 20L5 - All rights reserved

ISO 16283-22O15[E)

Annex D IinformativeJ Additional guidance

E

.E €

D.l General

E

e o.

This annex containsadditional measurementguidelinesfor room volumesin the range 10 m3 < 7< 250 m3 in the frequency range 100 Hz to 3 150 Hz. However; the basic principles may also be used for measurementsin the frequency range 50 Hz to 80 Hz (when the room volumes are equal to, or larger than 25 m3 calculatedto the nearest cubic metre) and in the frequency range 4 000 Hz to 5 000 Hz.

!

o

E o c C o o o

= L

o E ocD =]h j=(l, a(J E= at(

E

D.2 Principles

;C 8 Dr

D.2.1 Floor coverings

E € @E g'q

If different floor coverings are used in the same room [e.g. in a combined kitchen and living roomJ, measurementsshould be performed and reported from the two types of floors separately.The following guidelinesshouldthen be used on eachof the two floor areas.

O(E

ET

e3 *.0 66 dg c-o

-a

oo ()E

-)+ E6

:.= EP gb 8E

lf allowed by the national building regulations, measurementson soft floor coverings (such as carpets and PVC-layers)may be performed on a small sample [e.g.1 p2) which is moved between the different tapping machinepositions.It shouldbe noted that if the coveringis to be fastenedby an adhesive,the results from a measurementwithout adhesivecan be misleading.The use of a small sampleof a heavy carpet with significant weight on a lightweight timber joist partition should be avoided since it may not take into account a damping or restraining effect on the flexural motions of the partition, which occurs when the total area is covered.

8-'. OO t.I C)

b .e qc o '6 to.2 oE N O ( J -

When a small sampleis used,this shouldalways be mentionedin the test report. For soft coverings, it should be noted that some materials have an impact sound insulation which is dependenton the temperature.The temperaturedependenceshouldbe evaluatedif measurementsare carried out under conditionsdiffering from normal temperature.

t^'r o

:(o

Cf, C

o

D.2.2 Calculation of room volumes

@

E 6 ov, o o tr I E o 3D c o g

When calculatingthe room volume, the volumes of obiects in the receiving room with closed nonabsorbing surfaces,such as wardrobes, cabinets and installation shafts, should not be included in the total volume of the receivingroom.

D.2.3 Calculationof common partition area When calculatingthe area of the common partition, the area should not be reducedby objectssuch as fixed cabinets or wardrobes that cover part of the common partition.

D.2,+ Number of microphone and impact sourte positions The recommendednumber of microphoneand impact sourcepositionsare given in TableD.1.

@ ISO 20tS - All rights reserved

31

ISO16283-2:2015(E)

Table D.1 - Number of microphone and impact source positions determined from the floor area of the source and receiving rooms Floor area of the source room, g12

Floor area of the receiving roorn, m2

s50

Number of positions

Partition type la

Partition type 2b

>50 Partition type L

Partition type 2

Tappingmachine

4

4

4

4

Fixed or manually-held microphonepositions

4

4

B

B

Mechanizedcontinuously-moving or manually 1 scannedmicrophone positions

L

2

2

Tappingmachine

B

4

B

4

Fixed or manually-held microphonepositions

4

4

B

B

Mechanizedcontinuously-moving or manually L scannedmicrophone positions

1

2

2

-g= *.8

Tappingmachine

B

B

B

B

aa

Fixed or manually-held microphonepositions

4

4

B

B

Mechanizedcontinuously-moving or manually 1 scannedmicrophone positions

T

2

2

E o

;E .g

P

<20

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5 2 bo oo

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a-Partition type 1: Timber joist partitions, concrete partitions with ribs or beams and solid concrete partitions with a thickness less than 100 mm. Applies to all floor coverings. b Pa-rtition type 2: Solid concrete partitions with a thickness equal to or greater than 100 mm, clinker concrete elements . and hollow concrete elements.Applies to all floor coverings.

c)c (\t q, g1. .l

( ) { , For-par-titiontype 1, at least one position of the tapping machine should be on top of a beam with an angle of 45" oriented with the direction of the beam.

3E c o o E $

o. Q Q

o E, o a o o c o (t

:

For some very small floor areas <20 m2, the minimum requirement for the distance between the tapping machine and the edges of the floor leads to a very limited area available for the four tapping machinepositions.Howeve4the minimum number of positionsstated in lablqtIl. should still be usedl To achievethis, the tapping machineshould be placedwithin the permitted area and the direction of the hammer connecting line should be changedfbr each measurement.

D.3 Horizontal measurements Examples of suitable impact source and microphone positions for horizontal measurementsare shown in ArrnexE. If the floor area of the so^trrce room is equal to or less than 20 m2, T-a-lile_D.l may be used directly. If the floor area exceeds20 m2,a limited area of 2O mz should be used.The dimensionsof the limited floor area perpendicular to the partition in the source room should not be reduced to lessthan half the width of th9 partition in the source room. The other dimension of the limited area should not be less than the width of the partition i1 th_9receiving room. These recommendations should always be followed. In some special cases,this implies that it will not be possibleto limit the floor area to Z0 m2.(SeeAgr,r,sx Ij, Examples1 to 9J

32

@ ISO 2AL5 - All rights reserved

ISOr6283-2|2A15G)

D.4 Vertical measurements D.4.1 General of suitableimpactsourceandmir:rophonepositions for vertical measurementsare shown in Examples l^\r'trl r':t Ii.

D.4.2 .g

€-c, o o l= o

For transmissionbetween partly-divided rooms in a finished building, the room can be consideredas two individual rooms if thsarea of the opening is equal to or less than one-third of the total area of the vertical section of the room in the plane containing the wall. (Seefuine-xFl Examples12 and 13)

E o c C

o o tt o o

rooms

Partly-divided rooms can be found in aJ finished buildings (example,an open-plankitchen/living room which is partly divided by a wall) or b) unfinished buildings under construction.

E

C

Partly-divided

ct)

la l:o a(J

For an unfinished building under construction where two rooms are coupled by a large opening, the opening should be covered by sheet material such as plywood or gypsum board to achievewell-defined rooms for the measurement.

€=

06E o)()

D.4.3 Non-staggeredrooms

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D.4.3.1 General Non-staggeredrooms are defined as rooms where the horizontal contour of the smaller room can be totally containedwithin the horizontal contour of the larger room. D.4.9.2 Rooms with floor area of the source room equal to or less than the floor area of the receiving room

>+<

:.= E P (t)r-

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The number of tapping machine positions and microphone positions should be chosendirectly from 'Lri{r: _D-1.The tapping machine positions should be distributed to cover the total floor area (see AlrLt:rll Example11). D.4.3.3 Rooms with floor area of the source room larger than the floor area of the receiving room lf the floor area of the source room is equal to or less than 20 62, the values of Table D.1 should be used directly.lf the floor area of the sourceroom exceeds20 mz and the area of the common partition is equal to or lessthan 20 m2, a limited floor area of 20 mz should be used for the measurements.The tapping machineshould be placedexclusivelyin this area (seeAnttex F',Example14).If the area of the common partition exceeds20 m2,the tapping machine positions should be equally distributed over the total area of the commonpartition.

D.+.4 Staggered rooms shouldbe in D.4.3.2 andD.4.3.3 If theareaof the commonpartitionis greaterthan20 m2,the guidelines used.If the areaof the commonpartitionis equalto or lessthan 20 m2,or if thereis no commonpart,a limited areaof Z0 mz shouldbe used(Seel!_rurexlExamples15 to 17). D.5 Corridors and staircases D.5.1 Measurements

of impactsound

insulation

from a corridor

Impact sound insulation measurements from a corridor to a room on the same storey or the storey below should be carried out by placing the tapping machine on a limited area of the corridor close to the receiving room. The area used should be the full width of the corridor and a length correspo-nding_ to an area oiapproximately 10 m2. Four tapping machine positions should be used, and the number of

1.0J to TableD.1.(SeeAnnexE.Example according positions bechosen should microphone @ ISO 2015 - All righB reserved

33

ISO16283-2:2015(E)

D.5.2 Measurementsof impact sound insulation from staircasesin apartment houses and internal stairs in apartments and terrace houses Measurementsshould be carried out for the landings and the flights separately.Four tapping machine positions should be used.on the landings as well as on the flights. The number of rnicropitbne"positions shouldbe chosenaccordingto TableD.i. The four tapping machine positions on the flights should be placed with one at step number two from the top -9f th-eflight and one at step number two from the bottom. The other two positions should be evenly distributed in-between the top and bottom positions.

€o € e c

CL

l: o

E o c c o o a 5

o c ocD

It might sometimesbe difficult to placethe tapping machineon narrow steps.A specialsupport device may be usedto extendthe supportinglegsat one side of the tappingmachine.This illows thlhachine to s1a1don two steps.When a special support is used,care shouid be taken to ensure that the fall height of the hammersand the horizontal balanceof the tapping machineis maintained.If sucha modificaiion is used,this shouldbe mentionedin the test report. In all cases,care is neededto ensurethat the tapping machine does not topple over during operation and causedamageor injury.

E E The imp_actsound pressurelevel from a landing is usually measuredin an adjoiningroom in which the

highestlevel is expected.If the floor in an adjoiningroom in the samestorey as the-landingconsistsof, example,boards on joists on a concreteslab,the impact soundpressuremay be at its hifhest level in T E aforroom in the storey below the landing, becausethe wooden floor reducesthe iound radiaiion from the .@EE,€ concrete slab into the upper room. l=O tto

€= Ell -: tEO

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f( orSi .gt

H.9 66 di -e

'ea E.O

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If the flights are not fixed to the walls of a staircase,the impact sound pressure level from the flights should be measuredin the same room as used for the measurementfrom the landings.If the fligfrt is fixed to the wall, the receiving room used for measurements from the flight should 6e chosen a-sthe room closestto the attachment points. The guidelines stated above are also applicablefor measurementson internal stairs (e.g.in a twostorey apartment).

(l)r-

:o=o EP 8 ; l- o-

D.6 Airborne sound contribution from the tapping machine

H . 8 The airborne sound contribution from the tapping machine may be evaluated in the following way: be

EE F.6

o

d.g C)E (\l o JCL (J *-,

3E c o o E o & o o o

u I

Determine the sound pressure level difference between source and receiving room by means of a pink noisesignal from a loudspeakerplacedin the sourceroom, LD,spk. Measurethe sound pressure level in the source room from the tapping machine,l5,sp. Measurethe sound pressure level in the receiving room from the tapping machine,Lp,1,11. If at any frequency band of interest, the -the difference, l5,srn ln,spt, is 10 dB or more below Lp,1s1 influenceof the airborne sound from the tapping machinemay be regardedas negligible.

1J

o

o E o

() :

34

@ ISO 2AL5 - All rights reseryed

ISO 16?,83'2t2O15(E)

Annex E [informative) Horizontal measurements- Examplesof suitable impact source and microphonepositions E o)

E E

e

E.1 General

-Y o

E o

This annex contains examples of suitable impact source and microphone positions for horizontal measurementsof impact sound insulation.

c C o o o :t

o c o(l, =o .:O o(J E= 06E (l)o CDr 6(E

E€ Pq v)

c'l

The examplesof tapping machinepositionsin Annex E are all shown for partition type 2 as defined in '1-rr-r,r_r'x D._fulrlcj).1.For partition type 1, the number of tapping machine positions shall be increased in D.l. the 20 to 50 m2 rangeaccordingto 1'31)le All examplesare horizontal sections. Room dimensions in metres are only indicated on the sketchesto illustrate the example.

i, I

_gt *.0

66 di .e c-o

ea

oo O'E

-) +z =o

EE gb PP ?,; o6' I.I

Impact sourceposition Fixedmicrophoneposition Fixedpoint aboutwhich a mechanizedcontinuously-movingmicrophonemoves or the position of the operator for a manually-scannedmicrophone Roomboundaries

C)

b e qc tF

8.2 Symbols

o

.6

Common partition

(ct -? oc N(l) J( Jo?.

r'\

io

11

o

C o o

E E o.f, tt,

o d. I E o o c o "(J

11 a) Example 1

@ ISO 20L5 - All rights reserved

35

ISO !6283-2=2O15(E)

!, o

€ E

o o. ..Y o

E o

b) Example 2

c c o o .D 5

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:

@ ISO 20L5 - All rights reserved

NO 16283'2=2O15(E)

d

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@ ISO 2015 - All righs reserved

37

ISO 16283-212A15(E)

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E E e o. to

E o c c o o

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lh 5

11

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Figure E.1 - flsrizontal measurements - Scale L;200, Examples 1to 10

:

3B

@ ISO2AL5- All rightsreserved

ISO16283'2:2015(E)

Annex F (informative) Vertical measurements- Examplesof suitable impact source and microphonepositions E

.E €

s

e

ol= o

F.1 General

E 0)

This annex contains examples of suitable impact source and microphone positions for vertical measurementsof impact sound insulation.

c C o o a

b

All examplesare horizontal sections.

o(',

E E .=o aa

Room dimensions in metres are only indicated on the sketchesto illustrate the example.

€-=

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F.2 Symbols

d'6 .' ul

E- o I3

Impact sourceposition

F 6 66

x

Fixed microphone position

cc

A

Fixed point about which a mechanized continuously-moving microphone moves or the position of the operator for a manually-scannedmicrophone

U

Upper room

L

Lower room

di .9

-o oa

OE >#

ox

se c6 gb

EP 8-=. !o-

Roomboundaries

H.g b e qc

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-'ao cj2 c(\,r, t o

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0()€ no ..L

O'

io

Limitation of floor area

C o o

E

(o oo itt o

10

tr

L

o E o tt c o o

a) Example 11

O ISO 2At5 - All rights reserved

39

ISO 16283-2,2O15(E)

U

L

rrl

lC o

x

b) Example 12

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40

@ ISO 2415 - All rights reserved

ISO 16283-2?2A15(E)

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g

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!7

rso 16283-22O15(E)

Bibliography tl]

ISO 10140-3, Acoustics - Loboratory measurement of sound insulation of building elements Part 3: Measurementof impact sound insulation

12)

ISO 10140-5, Acoustics - Laboratory measurement of sound insulation of building elements Part 5: Requirementsfo r test facilities ond equipment

t3]

IEC 6t672-2, Electroacousttcs- Sound level meters - Part 2: Pattern evaluation tests

t4]

IEC 61672-3,Electroacoustics-

tsl

OIML RecommendationsR 58, Sound level meters, 19981)

t6]

OIML RecommendationsR 88, Integrating-averagingsound level meters, 1998

t7l

Ot sspN H.S.Measurementof the acousticalpropertiesof buildings - additionalguidance.Espoo 1992.Nordtest.NT TechnicalReport 203. NT ProiectNo.963-91

tB]

StuuoNs C. Measurementof sound pressurelevelsat low frequenciesin rooms. Comparisonof availablemethods and standards with respect to microphone positions.Acta Acustica united with Acusti ca, 1999,85, pp.BB-100

t9]

Hopnns C.,& TuRwnn P. Fieldmeasurementof airborne sound insulationbetween rooms with non-diffusesound fields at low frequencies.Appl. Acoust. 2005, 66 pp. 1339-1382

[10]

Hopxtxs C. On the efficacyof spatial samplingusing manual scanningpaths to determine the spatial averagesound pressure level in rooms. f. Acoust. Soc.Am. 20LL, L29 (5) pp. 3027-3034

[11]

YosnIuuRa ]., Awnow K., Koce T. Short time methods for field measurementof sound insulation between rooms. Proceedingsof Internoise 96, Liverpool, lJK, pp.2737-2742

lL?l

Hopxtr.ls C. Soundinsulation. Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann, Amsterdam, 2007, p.

rt o

€ -c

e o.

f o

E q, c c o o o J

Soundlevel meters - Part 3: Periodic tests

o c o

ctt

=U' trO .o .9 E=

TE CD; (EO !ct JJ .9 v, ct) '6

r;

F-O

E= -*= *.E

66 di .s c.o

ea oo

oE -) +z =o \r,

sE C6 ( ) r -

oo :=

EF .h h o .

H.g [13] bs 3 E.-tn ,r (o.9 OE (\t(l, Jo. (Jv

3E c o o E o o-

Iwour K., Yasuoxa M., TAcHts.Ana H. New heavy impact source for the measurement of floor impact sound insulationof building.Proc.Inter-noise2000, 2000,pp. L493-L496

lL41

lNoun K., Yasuora M., TacrsaNa H. Reduction of floor impact sound on floor finishing for wooden floor structure. Proc. Inter-noise 2001,2001, pp. 1161-1166

[1s]

ScHonnwalp S.,Zettlen 8., NIGIIIINGALE T.RT.lnfluenceof receiveroom propertieson impact sound pressurelevel measuredwith heavy impact sources.Proc.EuroRegio,2010

1)

OrganisationInternationalede MdtrologieLdgale,11 rue Turgot,75009Paris,France.

q ID

uo o tt o o g o .9

42

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ICS 91.12O.ZOt91.060.30 Pricebasedon 42 pages @ISO2015- AII righs reserved