Nfm Armour Sjold

Technologies Enhancing Fightability & Survivability

Skjold – NFM® Body Armour

V.02

Content

Skjold leads the way with its innovative approach to personal protective equipment. SKJOLD is the family of body armour products within the NFM® personal protective equipment segment. As a part of Full Spectrum Protection concept, SKJOLD offers multiple anti-ballistic components where optimal protection level and protected area can be adapted according to different threats and environments. The core of Skjold is innovation, early adoption

• »» »» »» »» »» »»

Hard body armour Reliability Protection Comfort Wearing configuration Weight classes Product range »» HB plates »» Training plates »» Dummy plates »» HB rifle threats comparison • »» »» »»

Soft Body Armour Geometries Protection levels (product range) SB handgun threats comparison

2 3 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8

12 13 14

and quality. The NFM® team believes that personal protection can be better, and strives for improvement in materials, manufacturing methods and ergonomics to improve the protection, comfort and capability of users.

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SKJOLD – NFM® Body Armour System (v.02)

1

Hard Ballistic (HB) Armour Advantages

Reliability

Protection

Reliable in all operational environments

Superior multi-hit

Enhanced drop resistance

Large active area

Uniform performance

Various protection levels

SKJOLD

Example of TOR-X3M-SA-T6 plate which successfully stopped 5 shots of 7.62x54R B32 API round at 875m/s

Rapid temperature change

Rapid air pressure change

Non-ballistic impact

SUPERIOR MULTI-HIT

LARGE ACTIVE AREA

SKJOLD plates are consolidated under

SKJOLD patented technologies

The ceramic core of SKJOLD body

SKJOLD protective inserts provides significant multi-hit

SKJOLD body armour plates have significant area of

assures perfect alignment of

armour inserts is encapsulated

capabilities despite monolithic construction of ceramic

active protection. Most of the standards for body armour

into envelope made of high

antiballistic core.

classification define fair-hit as far as 50-75 mm (2-3”)

Ceramic core is encapsulated into envelope made of high

from the edge.

performance glass fibre with PET matrix what allows to

Inserts produced by NFM® provide effective protection as

control cracking pattern and eventually provides superior

close as 13 mm (0.5”) from the edge:

high temperature and vacuum assuring extraction of all undesired substances.

ceramic core and backing layers.

Such production method prevents

The vacuum forming process

condensation of water, which could,

creates air-free composite.

in extreme operational environments,

Expansion of potential bubble

freeze and expand several times. The

during jumping, diving or air

unique production process prevents

transportation would eventually

are secured with 5 mm structural

All NFM® products which are certified for level IV protection

structural delamination and secures

cause delamination and

edge protection which assures

acc. NIJ standard (7.62x63 M2AP) are capable to pass and

»» 7.62x51 P80 – 25 mm (1.0”) from the edge

protection properties of SKJOLD plates.

destruction of ballistic properties.

corner drop resistance.

exceed full multi-hit tests required for level III protection.

»» 5.56x45 SS109 – 13 mm (0.5”) from the edge

2

performance glass fibre and PET matrix. Such encapsulation increases significantly its durability without increasing plate thickness. In addition plates

multi-hit capabilities.

UNIFORM PERFORMANCE

LIGHTWEIGHT

SKJOLD consolidation technology does not require any moulding tooling or high pressure. Backing material and antiballistic core are bound under vacuum and high temperature. Such process assures that layers of backing follow the curvature of ceramic and eliminates spots of glue or air bubbles. Full alignment of backing and ceramic core assures uniform performance of the whole plate surface.

SKJOLD body armour inserts are the

»» 7.62x63 M2AP – 38 mm (1.5”) from the edge

lightest antiballistic composites available on the market. Unique properties of used resin and fibre reinforcement allow using 10% thinner ceramic cores than competitors. This combined with strongest backing materials enables to produce lightest products in almost every protection class and price category.

SKJOLD – NFM® Body Armour System (v.02)

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HB Armour Advantages

HEXA – Wider angle protection Classic shape protects 36º of frontal arc

Comfort Ergonomic shape

HEXA shape protects 46º of frontal arc

Variety of sizes Low profile

Wearing configurations

Lightweight

Weight classes

HEXA plate

TORSO plate

SIDE plate

»» New revolutionary shape

»» Classic SAPI shape

»» Extends protected area

»» Superior comfort for female front torso

»» Excellent ergonomics

»» 10º wider angle protection

»» Freedom of movement

»» Suitable for upper arm, torso side or thigh protection

»» Extended range of sizes

»» Extended range of sizes

»» Improved ergonomics »» Improved freedom of movement

»» Does not affect mobility

ICW: In Conjunction With

SA: Stand Alone

ICW & RAVEN upgrade

Plates are designed to provide the protection only in conjunction with soft armour panels. ICW plates are lighter and less bulky than stand alone equivalents.

Plates are designed to be used as Stand Alone. Product does not require and soft armour support to provide given protection level.

RAVEN upgrade is lightweight soft ballistic insert delivered in sealed envelope in exact plate shape. Worn just behind the plate on its body side enable use of ICW plate as SA plate.

Weight classes Flexible technology suitable for wide range of raw materials helps to optimise weight/performance ratio.

»» Extended range of sizes Size

Dimensions

Area of coverage

Size

Dimensions

Area of coverage

Size

Dimensions

Area of coverage

H1

27.5x26.0 cm 10.8x10.2 in

560 sq.cm 0.60 sq.ft

T3

21.0x26.0 cm 8.27x10.23 in

533 sq.cm 0.57 sq. ft

S3

10.0x15.0 cm 3.94x5.91 in

145 sq.cm 0.16 sq.ft

H2

29.0x28.5 cm 11.4x11.2 in

638 sq.cm 0.69 sq.ft

T4

23.0x30.0 cm 9.06x11.81 in

640 sq.cm 0.69 sq.ft

S4

12.5x17.5 cm 4.92x6.89 in

215 sq.cm 0.23 sq.ft

H3

30.0x28.5 cm 11.81x11.22 in

707 sq.cm 0.76 sq.ft

T5

25.0x33.0 cm 9.8x13.0 in

751 sq.cm 0.81 sq.ft

SQ4

15.0x15.0 cm 5.91x5.91 in

220 sq.cm 0.24 sq.ft

H4

31.0x30.0 cm 12.20x11.81 in

758 sq.cm 0.82 sq.ft

T6

27.0x35.0 cm 10.6x13.8 in

896 sq.cm 0.96 sq.ft

S5

15.0x20.0 cm 5.91x7.87 in

295 sq.cm 0.32 sq.ft

H5

32.0x31.5 cm 12.60x12.40 in

832 sq.cm 0.90 sq.ft

TM3

25.0x30.0 cm 9.8x11.8 in

730 sq.cm 0.79 sq.ft

TN4

25.0x30.0 cm 9.8x11.8 in

680 sq.cm 0.73 sq.ft

TN5

25.0x30.0 cm 9.8x11.8 in

700 sq. cm 0.75 sq.ft

Starting from “white” ceramics with simple backing system going to “black” ceramics with high performance backing we can save up to 16% weight.

100 90 80 70 TOR X3M

TOR

TOR LP

EXTREME (X3M suffix)

BASELINE (no suffix)

LOW PROFILE (LP suffix)

»» Ultimate solution for low weight and high performance

»» Optimum compromise between weight, performance and price

»» Usually consists of “black” ceramic core and high performance backing system

»» Usually consists of thinnest applicable “white” ceramic core with high performance backing system

»» Best choice for semi concealed wearing and price sensitive projects »» Usually consist thick “white” ceramic core with simple backing system

Tolerances: dimensions +/- 3%, coverage +/- 3%. Other shapes upon request, MOQ ≥500 pieces. 4

SKJOLD – NFM® Body Armour System (v.02)

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HB Product range

Supreme antiballistic protection

Weight & Dimensions of a Real Plate

Reliable in all environments Superior multi-hit Large active area Comfortable SKJOLD body armour provides an extremely high antiballistic performance with regard to armour piercing rifle ammunitions, multi-hit and edge shot capabilities. SKJOLD body armour is an advanced fibre reinforced composite product that consisting of monolithic antiballistic core supported with high performance, light antiballistic backing system. The superior features are achieved by in-house developed and patented manufacturing technologies.

Protection levels of SKJOLD plates

TOR

HEIMDAL

VANDI – training plate VANDI plate provides ballistic protection adequate for live fire training situations, for FMJ riffle ammunition, mutili-hit and edge shot capabilities.

Protection level achievable with this construction

VANDI plate simulates dimensions and weight of TOR-X3M plates what improves reality of training and helps to avoid exposing real plates to mechanical damage.

Bullet resistance in conjunction with soft antiballistic inserts:

VANDI plate is a composite product consisting of monolithic antiballistic core supported with backing system designed and assembled by use of the cost effective antiballistic materials.

»» 5.56x45 SS109

protection level IV & III acc. NIJ Std. 0101.04

protection class 9 acc. VPAM BSW 2006

Provides multi-hit protection against armour piercing ammunitions, eg.:

Provides multi-hit protection against armour piercing ammunitions, eg.:

»» 7.62x63 M2AP

»» 7.62x51 P80

Bullet resistance in STAND-ALONE configuration:

»» 7.62x54R B32 API

»» 7.62x39 BZ API

»» 7.62x25 57N134S

»» 5.45x39 7N6 PS »» 7.62x39 57N231 PS (M43)

»» 5.45x18 7N7

ODIN

(during development)

(during development)

protection level III++ acc. NIJ Std. 0101.04 Provides multi-hit protection against semi-armour piercing and heavy FMJ ammunition, eg.:

»» 5.56x45 SS109 (NIJ III++)

protection level IV+ & III acc. NIJ Std. 0101.04 Provides multi-hit protection against armour piercing ammunitions, eg.:

»» 7.62x51 M993/FFV »» 7.62x54R BS40

»» 7.62x39 57N231 PS (M43 MSC)

»» 5.56x45 M995/FFV

»» 7.62x51 M80 (NIJ III)

»» 5.45x39 7N24

VANDI

NARVE

Training plates designed as substitute of X3M plates for in-land training. Provides multi-hit protection against assault rifle ammunition, eg.:

Provides multi-hit protection against handgun ap

EFLA series is a family of durable insert plates designed to be used in training.

ammunintion, eg.:

EFLA insert plate is a composite product designed and assembled by use of durable materials.

»» 7.62x25 57N134S

EFLA inserts simulates dimensions and weight of real TOR-X3M plates improving reality of training activities. This avoids exposing high performance ceramic plates to mechanical damage.

»» 5.56x45 SS109 »» 5.45x39 7N6 PS »» 7.62x39 57N231 PS (M43 MSC)

6

»» 9x19 Vanäs M39/B

TYR

EFLA – dummy plate

»» 5.45x18 7N7 »» 9x19 Vanäs M39/B

SKJOLD – NFM® Body Armour System (v.02)

7

HB Rifle threats comparison

ODIN TOR HEIMDAL TYR USA

(III-)

(III+)

III

(III++)

IV

NIJ 0101.06

5.56x45

7.62x39

7.62x51 M80

5.56x45

.30-06 M2AP

NIJ 0101.04

M193, 3.55 g

MSC, 7.9 g

NATO Ball, 9.6 g

SS109, 4.0 g

10.8 g

930 m/s*

730 m/s*

847 m/s*

930 m/s*

878 m/s*

US ARMY

A

C

B

F

D

Y

X

I/E/X - SAPI

7.62x51 M80

5.56x45 M855

7.62x54 R LPS

7.62x39 API

7.62x63 M2AP

5.56x45 M995

7.62x51 M993

NATO Ball, 9.6 g

Ball, 4.0 g

MSC, 9.6 g

Bz, 7.4 g

10.8 g

FFV, 4.0 g

FFV, 8.4 g

847 m/s*

999 m/s*

847 m/s*

740 m/s*

878 m/s*

1029 m/s*

938 m/s*

RUSSIA

3

3

4

5

5

5A

6

6A

(6A+)

(6A++)

GOST

5.45x39 AK74

7.62x39 AK47

5.45x39 AK74

7.62x54 R SVD

7.62x39 AK47

7.62x39 AK47

7.62x54R SVD

7.62x54R SVD

5.45x39 AK74

7.62x54 R SVD

R 50744-95

7-N-6, PS

57-N-231, PS

7-N-10, PP

57-N-323S, LPS

57-N-231, PS

57-BZ-231, Bz

7-N-13, ST-M2

7-BZ-3, B32

7-N-24

BS40

MSC, 3.4 g

MSC, 7.9 g

HSC, 3.6 g

MSC, 9.6 g

HSC, 7.9 g

API, 7.4 g

HSC, 9.6 g

API, 10.4 g

WC AP, 4.15 g

WC API, 12.1 g

900 m/s*

725 m/s**

900 m/s*

830 m/s*

725 m/s**

735 m/s**

830 m/s*

820 m/s**

900 m/s*

805 m/s**

Germany

SK 6

SK 7 (SK 3)

SK 7 (SK 3)

SK 8

SK 9 (SK 4)

SK 10

SK 11

SK 12

VPAM

7.62x39

.308 Winchester

.223 Remington

7.62x39

.308 Winchester

7.62x54 R

.308 Winchester

.308 Winchester

BSW2006

FMJ/PB/Fe-Core

FMJ/PB/SC

FMJ/PB/SCP

FMJ/PB/HCI

FMJ/PB/HC

FMJ/PB/HCI

FMJ/PB/WC

FMJ/PB/WC

(TR2008)

8.0 g;

9.55 g

4.0 g

7.7 g; Core 4.1 g

9.7 g; Core 4.0 g

10.4 g; Core 5.3

8.4 g; Core 5.9

12.7 g; Core 5.58

PS

MEN, DM111

MEN, SS109

65HRC; Bz

MEN/CBC

63HRC; B32

Nammo, AP8

Swiss P AP

720 m/s*

830 m/s*

950 m/s*

740 m/s*

820 m/s*

860 m/s*

930 m/s*

810m/s*

GERMANY

Special (SK3+)

SK3

SK3

SK4

Special (SK4+)

Special (SK4++)

TR2003

7.62x39 M43

7.62x51 DM111

5.56x45 DM11

7.62x51 P80

7.62x54 R B32

7.62x51 AP8

VMS/Fe-Core, 8.0 g

VMS/Wk, 9.55 g

VMS/WK+P, 4.0 g

VMS/HK, 9.45 g

API, 10.4 g

VMS/HK(WC), 8.4 g

730 m/s*

830 m/s*

950 m/s*

820 m/s*

890 m/s*

960 m/s*

POLAND

K3-A

K3-C

K3-B

K4

K5-A

K5-B

PN-V-87000

7.62x39

7.62x51

5.56x45

7.62x39

7.62x51

7.62x54 R

2011

PS, 7.9 g

M80, 9.6 g

SS109, 4.0 g

Bz, 7.7 g

AP, 9.7 g

B32, 10.4 g

720 m/s**

840 m/s**

950 m/s**

735 m/s**

820 m/s**

860 m/s**

UK

HG3

RF1

(RF1+)

RF2

HOSDB

5.56x45

7.62x51

5.56x45

7.62x51

2007

LE223T3

L2A2

L2A1

L40A1

Bonded SP; 4.02 g

NATO Ball; 9.3 g

(SS109 eq.) 4.0 g

NATO Ball HP; 9.7 g

750 m/s**

830 m/s**

930 m/s**

850 m/s**

* Velocity ±10 m/s

This comparison is simplified by not taking into consideration differences in testing protocols (i.e. req. BFS, shot spacing, edge distance, conditioning) and has only indicative character. More detailed information can be found in relevant standards and Product Data Sheets.

** Velocity ±15 m/s 8

SKJOLD – NFM® Body Armour System (v.02)

9

SOFT Body (SB) ARMOUR PANELS

10

SKJOLD – NFM® Body Armour System (v.02)

11

SB ARMOUR PANELS

Geometries

M14 »» Large coverage area »» Modular add-on protection compatible (see below) »» HEXA shape plate compatible

Protection levels

M17 »» Close body fit »» Short torso to improve mobility »» Perfect for vehicle operations »» Modular add-on protection compatible (see below) »» HEXA shape plate compatible

M21 »» Short torso to optimise mobility »» HEXA shape plate compatible »» Integrated shoulder protection for improved comfort »» Modular add-on protection compatible (see below)

Level IIIA NIJ Standard 0101.04

Level SK1 TR2003/TR2008

Frag vest STANAG 2920

NANNA (UD01) 5.95 kg/sqm

IDUNN (TSB01) 5.20 kg/sqm

FREYA (T03) 4.80 kg/sqm

JORD (T09) 5.75 kg/sqm

HLIN (TPE03) 4.75 kg/sqm

SIGYN (PE01) 5.50 kg/sqm

FRIGG (T04) 4.50 kg/sqm

SAGA (TPE04) 5.25 kg/sqm EIR (PE09) 4.85 kg/sqm

Protection level

Product

Add-on protection »» ADD-ONs are supplementary protection items for body

NECK Add-On

level IIIA acc. NIJ Standard 0101.04 9x19 mm FMJ

436 m/s ±9 m/s

THROAT Add-On

.44 Magnum SJHP

436 m/s ±9 m/s

armour vests. The ADDONs include: neck, throat,

SHOULDER Add-On

shoulder, upper-arm, belt,

UPPER ARM Add-On

groin and coccyx protection.

Belt Add-On

The functional design of the

Thigh Add-On

different ADD-ONs minimises

level SK1 acc. TR2003/TR2008 9x19 mm DM41

9x19 mm QD/PEP II/s 460 m/s ±10 m/s 9x19 mm Action 4

460 m/s ±10 m/s

GROIN Add-On

interference with other modules and the base of combat helmet.

410 m/s ±10 m/s

Frag vest acc. STANAG 2920

COCCYX Add-On

Fragment resistance (V50) 1.102 g FSP

0.325 g FSP

Composition

Areal weight*

NANNA (UD01) 600 m/s

680 m/s

Twaron®

5.95 kg/sqm

JORD (T09)

550 m/s

-

Twaron®

5.75 kg/sqm

SIGYN (PE01)

580 m/s

680 m/s

Dyneema®

5.50 kg/sqm

SAGA (TPE04)

630 m/s

-

Twaron® / Dyneema®

5.25 kg/sqm

EIR (PE09)

550 m/s

-

Dyneema® / Twaron®

4.85 kg/sqm

IDUNN (TSB01)

550 m/s

640 m/s

Twaron®

5.20 kg/sqm

HLIN (TPE03)

-

-

Twaron® / Dyneema®

4.75 kg/sqm

FRIGG (T04)

550 m/s

650 m/s

Twaron®

4.50 kg/sqm

FREYA

600 m/s

680 m/s

Twaron®

4.80 kg/sqm

* Nett weight excluding water repellent casing. Other shapes available upon request. 12

SKJOLD – NFM® Body Armour System (v.02)

13

SB handgun threats comparison Armour type

Defendable with Soft Armour Panels

Defendable with Soft Armour Panels

USA

II-A

II-A

II

II

IIIA

IIIA

NIJ 0101.06

9x19 mm

.40 S&W

9x19 mm

.357 Magnum

.357 SIG

.44 Magnum

FMJ RN; 8.0 g

FMJ; 11.7 g

FMJ RN; 8.0 g

JSP; 10.2 g

FMJ FN; 8.1 g

SJHP; 15.6 g

Con. 355 m/s *

Con. 325 m/s *

Con. 379 m/s *

Con. 430 m/s *

Con. 430 m/s *

Con. 408 m/s *

New. 373 m/s *

New. 352 m/s *

New. 398 m/s *

New. 448 m/s *

New. 448 m/s *

New. 436 m/s *

USA

I

I

II-A

II-A

II

II

IIIA

IIIA

NIJ 0101.04

.22 caliber LR

.380 ACP

9x19 mm

.40 S&W

9x19 mm

.357 Magnum

9x19 mm

.44 Magnum

Lead RN, 2.6 g

FMJ RN, 6.2 g

FMJ RN; 8.0 g

FMJ; 11.7 g

FMJ RN; 8.0 g

JSP; 10.2 g

FMJ RN; 8.0 g

SJHP; 15.6 g

329 m/s *

322 m/s *

341 m/s *

322 m/s *

367 m/s *

436 m/s *

436 m/s *

436 m/s *

USA

Hard Armour Plate is required

9x19 mm; FMJ RN; 8.0 g; V0 ≥ 427 m/s; V50 ≥ 466 m/s

IOTV

RCC 2 gr (0.13 g); V50 DRY ≥ 827 m/s; V50 WET ≥ 786 m/s

FQ/PD 07-05B

RCC 4 gr (0.26 g); V50 DRY ≥ 732 m/s; V50 WET ≥ 702 m/s

(12 OCT 2007)

RCC 16 gr (1.04 g); V50 DRY ≥ 626 m/s; V50 WET ≥ 586 m/s RCC 64 gr (4.15 g); V50 DRY ≥ 507 m/s; V50 WET ≥ 492 m/s

Germany

1

2

3

4

4

5

VPAM

.22 Long Rifle

9 mm Luger

9 mm Luger

.357 Magnum

.44 Rem. Mag.

.357 Magnum

BSW2006

L/RN; 2.6 g

FMJ/RN/SC; 8.0 g

FMJ/RN/SC; 8.0 g

FMJ/CB/SC; 10.2 g

FMJ/FN/SC; 15.6 g

MsF/CB; 7.1 g

Winchester

RUAG DM41

RUAG DM41

Geco

Speer

DAG Spezial

360 m/s *

360 m/s *

415 m/s *

430 m/s *

440 m/s *

580 m/s *

GERMANY

Special (SK1+)

SKL

SK1

Special (SK1+)

Special (SK2+)

SK2

TR2003

9x18 Makarov

9 mm Luger

9 mm Luger

7.62x25 Tokarev

7.62x25 Tokarev

.357 Magnum

VMR/Fe-Core; 6 g

FMJ/RN/SC; 8.0 g

DM41; RUAG; 8.0 g; 410 m/s *

FMSJ; 5.5 g

VMR/Fe-Core

MsF/CB; 7.1 g

DDR Fertig.

RUAG DM41

QD-PEP II/s; MEN; 6.0 g; 460 m/s *

UdSSR Fertig.

5.5 g (Core 2.6 g)

DAG Spezial

350 m/s *

365 m/s *

Action 4; RUAG; 6.1 g; 460 m/s *

500 m/s *

530 m/s *

580 m/s *

UK

HG1

HG1

HG2

HG2

HOSDB

9x19 mm

.357” Magnum

9x19 mm

.357” Magnum

2007

FMJ; 8.0 g

SPFN; 10.2 g

FMJ; 8.0 g

SPFN; 10.2 g

DM11A1B2

Rem. R357M3

DM11A1B2

Rem. R357M3

365 m/s *

390 m/s *

430 m/s *

455 m/s *

SWEDEN

RPS1

RPS1

RPS2

RPS2

RPS3

RPS

9x19 mm

.357” Magnum

9x19 mm

.357” Magnum

9x19 mm

PVS/P 036/08

FMJ; 8.0 g

SPFN; 10.2 g

FMJ; 8.0 g

SPFN; 10.2 g

FMJ; 6.75 g

DM11A1B2

Rem. R357M3

DM11A1B2

Rem. R357M3

Vanäs, 39/b

360 m/s *

385 m/s *

425 m/s *

450 m/s *

420 m/s *

POLAND

K1A

K1B

K2

PN-V-87000

9x19 mm

9x19mm

7.62x25 TT

2011

FMSJ; 8,0 g

FMSJ; 8,0g

FMSJ; 5,5g

365 m/s *

400 m/s *

420 m/s *

RUSSIA

1

1

2

2

GOST

7.62x38 Nagant

9x18 Makarov

5.45x18 PSM

7.62x25 Tokarev

R 50744-95

57-N-122, P

57-N-181, Pst

7-N-7, Pst

57-N-134S, Pst

SC, 6.8 g

MSC, 5.9 g

MSC, 2.5 g

MSC, 5.5 g

285 m/s *

315 m/s *

325 m/s *

430 m/s *

* Velocity ±10 m/s

14

This comparison is simplified by not taking into consideration differences in testing protocols (i.e. req. BFS, shot spacing, edge distance, conditioning) and has only indicative character. More detailed information can be found in relevant standards and Product Data Sheets.

SKJOLD – NFM® Body Armour System (v.02)

15

Unit Conversation Tables

This document is subject to changes pursuant to new development and findings and similar reservation applies to the properties of the products described. The technical data in this document reflect to our best knowledge at the time of publication. NFM does not accept any liability for the results of usage of these products except obligations implicating from: »» GENERAL SALE CONDITIONS OF NFM HOLDING AS and its subsidiaries »» NFM BODY ARMOUR Limited warranty

LengTH 1 cm = 1 m = 1 m = 1 km = 1 km =

1 in = 2.5400 cm 1 ft = 0.3048 m 1 yd = 0.9144 m (= 3 ft = 36 in) 1 land mile = 1.6093 km 1 naut. mile = 1.8520 km

0.3940 in 3.2808 ft 1.0936 yd 0.6214 land mile 0.5400 nautical mile

Surface 1 sq.inch = 6.4516 sq.cm 1 sq.foot = 0.0929 sq.m 1 sq.yard = 0.8361 sq.m

1 sq.cm = 0.1552 sq.in 1 sq.m = 10.7639 sq.ft 1 sq.m = 1.1960 sq.yd

VOLUME 1 cu.cm = 0.061 cu.in 1 cu.dm = 0.035 cu.ft 1 cu.m = 1.308 cu.yd

1 cu.in 1 cu.ft 1 cu.yd

IMPERIAL MEASURE 1 pint = 0.568 l 1 quart = 1.136 l 1 gallon = 4.546 l 1 peck = 9.092 l 1 bushel = 36.369 l 1 barrel = 163.642 l

AMERICAN LIQUID MEASURE 1 pint = 0.473 l 1 quart = 0.946 l (= 2 pints) 1 gallon = 3.785 l (= 4 quarts) 1 barrel = 158.968 l (= 42 gallons)

(= 2 pints) (= 4 quarts) (= 2 gallons) (= 8 gallons) (= 36 gallons)

= 16.387 cu.cm = 0.0283 cu.m = 0.7646 cu.m

WeighT 1 gr = 0.0648 g 1 oz = 28.35 g (= 437.5 gr) 1 lb = 0.4536 kg

1 g = 15.4321 gr 1 g = 0.0353 oz 1 kg = 2.205 lb

Areal density 1 psf = 4.88 kg/sqm

1 kg/sqm = 0.205 psf

Linear density of fibres 1 dtex = 1.11 den 1 den = 0.9 dtex

1 dtex = 1g / 10 000 m 1 den = 1g / 9 000 m

Velocity 1 m/s = 3.2808 ft/s 1 m/s = 3.60 km/h

1 ft/s = 0.3048 m/s 1 km/h = 0.28 m/s

mph

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

km/h

0

16

32

48

64

80

97

113

129

145

161

TEMPERATURE Celsiusº = 5/9 (Fº - 32º)

Fahrenheitº = 9/5 Cº + 32º

ºC

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

60

80

100

120

140

ºF

32

41

50

59

68

77

86

95

104

140

176

212

248

284

16

SKJOLD – NFM® Body Armour System (v.02)

NFM® Group headquarters Glynitveien 27 N-1400 Ski, Norway Phone: +47 64 85 14 00 Fax: +47 64 85 14 01 [email protected] www.nfm.no