Nucleic Acid Chemistry

1

Molecular Biochemistry

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Outline 1. Some Basics 2. Nucleic Acid Structure

3. Nucleic Acid Chemistry 4. Other Functions of Nucleotides

2

Structure of nucleotides

Structure of nucleotides

Major purine bases of nucleic acids

Major pyrimidine bases of nucleic acids

Conformations of ribose

Conformations of ribose

Deoxyribonucleotides of nucleic acids

Ribonucleotides of nucleic acids

Nucleotide and nucleic acid nomenclature

Some minor purine and pyrimidine bases

Some minor purine and pyrimidine bases

Some adenosine monophosphates

Phosphodiester linkages in the covalent backbone of DNA and RNA

Hydrolysis of RNA under alkaline conditions

Tautomeric forms of uracil

Schematic representation of nucleotide sequence

Absorption spectra of common nucleotides

Hydrogen-bonding patterns in the base pairs defined by Watson and Crick

The Avery-Macleod-McCarty experiment

The Hershey-Chase experiment

X-ray diffraction pattern of DNA

Watson-Crick model for the structure of DNA

Complementarity of strands in the DNA double helix

Replication of DNA as suggested by Watson and Crick

Structural variation in DNA

Comparison of A, B, and Z forms of DNA

Comparison of A, B, and Z forms of DNA

Palindromes and mirror repeats

Hairpins and cruciforms

DNA structures containing three of four DNA strands- Hoogsteen pairing

Hoogsteen pairing

DNA structures containing three of four DNA strands- Guanosine tetraplex

DNA structures containing three of four DNA strands- H-DNA

Prokaryotic mRNA

Typical right-handed stacking pattern of single-stranded RNA

Secondary structure of RNAs

Base-paired helical structures in an RNA

Three-dimensional structure in RNA

Reversible denaturation and annealing (renaturation) of DNA

Heat denaturation of DNA

Partially denatured DNA

DNA hybridization

Some well-characterized nonenzymatic reactions of nucleotides

Some well-characterized nonenzymatic reactions of nucleotides

Formation of pyrimidine dimers induced by UV light

Chemical agents that cause DNA damage

Chemical agents that cause DNA damage

Alkylating agents- dimethylsulfate

DNA sequencing by the Sanger method

DNA sequencing by the Sanger method

Strategy for automating DNA sequencing reactions

Chemical synthesis of DNA

Nucleoside phosphates

The phosphate ester and phosphoanhydride bonds of ATP

Some coenzymes containing adenosine

Some coenzymes containing adenosine

Some coenzymes containing adenosine

Three regulatory nucleotides