Ob Pamphlet
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Why is Nutrition Important? A healthy diet is essential to a healthy pregnancy and it’s never too early to begin thinking about how your lifestyle, habits, and diet will affect you and your future child. When you are pregnant, you have a higher need for certain vitamins and minerals. A nutritious diet, along with important dietary supplements, can help provide energy and allow you to take care of yourself and your baby. Lactation places high demands on your stores of energy, protein, and other nutrients. This may cause maternal deficiencies that may be avoided with proper nutrition. While pregnant, your baby receives the nutrients you eat. These nutrients are also passed on through your breast milk, therefore, it’s important to continue with a healthy diet once you have delivered your baby and are breastfeeding.
Refer ence s Ahmed, F., & T seng, M. (2013). Diet and nutritional status during pregnancy. Public Health Nutrition, 16(8), 1337-‐1339. doi:10.1017/S1368980013001651 Pregnancy and breastfeeding: health and n utrition information. Retrieved from http://www.choosemyplate.gov/pregnancy-‐ breastfeeding.html Pregnancy Nutrition: Health-‐eating basics (2015). Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-‐lifestyle/pregnancy-‐ week-‐by-‐week/in-‐depth/pregnancy-‐nutrition/art-‐ 20046955 Lowdermilk, D., Perry, S., Cashion, M., Alden, K. (2016). Maternity and women's health care (11th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby, Inc. March o f Dimes (2015). Low birth weight. Retrieved from http://www.marchofdimes.org/baby/low-‐birthweight.aspx Ramakrishnan, U., Grant, F., Goldenberg, T ., Zongrone, A., Martorell, R. (2012). Effect of women’s nutrition before and during early pregnancy on maternal and infant o utcomes: a systematic review. Paediatric perinatal epidemiology, 26(S1), 285-‐301. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-‐3016.2012.01281.x World Health Organization (2015). E-‐library of evidence for nutrition actions (elena). Retrieved from http://www.who.int/elena/nutrient/en/
Maternal Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation Did you know that 7 out of 10 low birth weight babies are born premature, which can be caused by poor nutrition during pregnancy?
What foods should I avoid during pregnancy?
How much weight should I gain during pregnancy? NURS 3331 AUSON Summer 2015
1 2
Important Dietary Nutrients and Supplements What types of foods should I eat while p regnant and breastfeeding? A balanced diet with foods from each food group is essential to proper nutrition. By eating a healthy variety of foods, you will receive essential nutrients that provide energy and other health promoting agents. In addition to increasing your caloric intake (mostly in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters) while pregnant, you should increase your protein intake by including lean meats such as fish or chicken, beans, and nuts. Protein is important for fetal growth and promotes gestational weight gain as well as tissue growth. Protein intake can also reduce the risk of preterm births by 54%. You should also include foods high in fiber in your diet. These foods include whole grain bread, pasta, cereals, and fruits and vegetables. It is important to drink plenty of water while pregnant and especially while breastfeeding. Eight to ten glasses per day are recommended, and you should be sure to avoid drinks with high caffeine and sugar contents. How much weight should I gain during pregnancy? Both too little and too much weight gain can negatively affect the health of you and your baby. While pregnant, you should gain weight gradually, gaining about 3.5 – 5 pounds in the first trimester and most weight being gained in the last three months.
Pre-‐pregnancy BMI
Recommended Total Weight Gain
Below 18.5
28 to 40 pounds
18.5-‐24.9
25 to 35 pounds
25-‐29.9
15-‐25 pounds
30 and above
Less than 15 pounds
Consequences of Inadequate Maternal Nutrition Co nse quence s fo r m ate rnal heal th: • • • • • • •
What supplements should I take or include in my diet while pregnant?
Fo lic acid is important in preventing complications during and after birth, such as neural tube defects. Therefore, pregnant women need 50% more folic acid than non-pregnant women. Foods high in folate include spinach, lettuce, and green beans. Some women may need to take a daily folic acid supplement if recommended by your doctor. Iron is important for the growth and development of your baby. Foods high in iron include lean meats, leafy vegetables, and cooked beans and peas. If iron supplements are needed, they may be started at 12 weeks, but you should not take these supplements unless advised by your doctor, as they may cause constipation. Pre na ta l vita mins are extremely beneficial to you and your baby’s health during pregnancy. Prenatal vitamins include both folic acid and iron, in addition to other important supplements such as calcium, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin C., zinc, and copper. R em em ber: prenatal vitamins are not a substitute for a healthy diet and should be taken in addition to healthy food choices.
*Ab
o
bab ut 1 Anemia ie in is b s b o rn e ve ry orn 1 i Weakness and lower productivity wi th n th e U 2 weig low b , S . Scaly, dry skin on the face ir th ht Swelling in extremities Constipation or Diarrhea Increased risk of infection Increased risk of maternal complications and death
Co nseq ue nc es for fe tal a nd i nfa nt hea lth: • Increased risk of fetal, neonatal, and infant death • Low birth weight and premature births • Birth defects • Brain damage • Increased risk of infection
What should I avoid while pregnant and breastfeeding? Alcohol should be avoided, especially during the first three months of pregnancy. Alcohol consumption can lead to growth, physical, and mental problems in your baby.
Caffeine intake should be in moderation. Tea and cola-type drinks usually contain the same amount of caffeine, while coffee contains about twice as much. Smoking should be avoided during pregnancy as it can result in low birth weight, premature birth, and miscarriage. It can also affect your child’s growth and development. You should always consult your doctor before taking any prescription or over the counter medications or supplements while pregnant. * These guidelines for healthy nutrition d ur ing pr egna nc y also apply during bre astfe eding, and add itiona l pr oteins, vitam ins, and minera ls may be nece ssa ry . During lactation, 1,80 0 calo ries a da y is r ec omme nd ed.
Why is Nutrition Important? A healthy diet is essential to a healthy pregnancy and it’s never too early to begin thinking about how your lifestyle, habits, and diet will affect you and your future child. When you are pregnant, you have a higher need for certain vitamins and minerals. A nutritious diet, along with important dietary supplements, can help provide energy and allow you to take care of yourself and your baby. Lactation places high demands on your stores of energy, protein, and other nutrients. This may cause maternal deficiencies that may be avoided with proper nutrition. While pregnant, your baby receives the nutrients you eat. These nutrients are also passed on through your breast milk, therefore, it’s important to continue with a healthy diet once you have delivered your baby and are breastfeeding.
Refer ence s Ahmed, F., & T seng, M. (2013). Diet and nutritional status during pregnancy. Public Health Nutrition, 16(8), 1337-‐1339. doi:10.1017/S1368980013001651 Pregnancy and breastfeeding: health and n utrition information. Retrieved from http://www.choosemyplate.gov/pregnancy-‐ breastfeeding.html Pregnancy Nutrition: Health-‐eating basics (2015). Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-‐lifestyle/pregnancy-‐ week-‐by-‐week/in-‐depth/pregnancy-‐nutrition/art-‐ 20046955 Lowdermilk, D., Perry, S., Cashion, M., Alden, K. (2016). Maternity and women's health care (11th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby, Inc. March o f Dimes (2015). Low birth weight. Retrieved from http://www.marchofdimes.org/baby/low-‐birthweight.aspx Ramakrishnan, U., Grant, F., Goldenberg, T ., Zongrone, A., Martorell, R. (2012). Effect of women’s nutrition before and during early pregnancy on maternal and infant o utcomes: a systematic review. Paediatric perinatal epidemiology, 26(S1), 285-‐301. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-‐3016.2012.01281.x World Health Organization (2015). E-‐library of evidence for nutrition actions (elena). Retrieved from http://www.who.int/elena/nutrient/en/
Maternal Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation Did you know that 7 out of 10 low birth weight babies are born premature, which can be caused by poor nutrition during pregnancy?
What foods should I avoid during pregnancy?
How much weight should I gain during pregnancy? NURS 3331 AUSON Summer 2015
1 2
Important Dietary Nutrients and Supplements What types of foods should I eat while p regnant and breastfeeding? A balanced diet with foods from each food group is essential to proper nutrition. By eating a healthy variety of foods, you will receive essential nutrients that provide energy and other health promoting agents. In addition to increasing your caloric intake (mostly in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters) while pregnant, you should increase your protein intake by including lean meats such as fish or chicken, beans, and nuts. Protein is important for fetal growth and promotes gestational weight gain as well as tissue growth. Protein intake can also reduce the risk of preterm births by 54%. You should also include foods high in fiber in your diet. These foods include whole grain bread, pasta, cereals, and fruits and vegetables. It is important to drink plenty of water while pregnant and especially while breastfeeding. Eight to ten glasses per day are recommended, and you should be sure to avoid drinks with high caffeine and sugar contents. How much weight should I gain during pregnancy? Both too little and too much weight gain can negatively affect the health of you and your baby. While pregnant, you should gain weight gradually, gaining about 3.5 – 5 pounds in the first trimester and most weight being gained in the last three months.
Pre-‐pregnancy BMI
Recommended Total Weight Gain
Below 18.5
28 to 40 pounds
18.5-‐24.9
25 to 35 pounds
25-‐29.9
15-‐25 pounds
30 and above
Less than 15 pounds
Consequences of Inadequate Maternal Nutrition Co nse quence s fo r m ate rnal heal th: • • • • • • •
What supplements should I take or include in my diet while pregnant?
Fo lic acid is important in preventing complications during and after birth, such as neural tube defects. Therefore, pregnant women need 50% more folic acid than non-pregnant women. Foods high in folate include spinach, lettuce, and green beans. Some women may need to take a daily folic acid supplement if recommended by your doctor. Iron is important for the growth and development of your baby. Foods high in iron include lean meats, leafy vegetables, and cooked beans and peas. If iron supplements are needed, they may be started at 12 weeks, but you should not take these supplements unless advised by your doctor, as they may cause constipation. Pre na ta l vita mins are extremely beneficial to you and your baby’s health during pregnancy. Prenatal vitamins include both folic acid and iron, in addition to other important supplements such as calcium, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin C., zinc, and copper. R em em ber: prenatal vitamins are not a substitute for a healthy diet and should be taken in addition to healthy food choices.
*Ab
o
bab ut 1 Anemia ie in is b s b o rn e ve ry orn 1 i Weakness and lower productivity wi th n th e U 2 weig low b , S . Scaly, dry skin on the face ir th ht Swelling in extremities Constipation or Diarrhea Increased risk of infection Increased risk of maternal complications and death
Co nseq ue nc es for fe tal a nd i nfa nt hea lth: • Increased risk of fetal, neonatal, and infant death • Low birth weight and premature births • Birth defects • Brain damage • Increased risk of infection
What should I avoid while pregnant and breastfeeding? Alcohol should be avoided, especially during the first three months of pregnancy. Alcohol consumption can lead to growth, physical, and mental problems in your baby.
Caffeine intake should be in moderation. Tea and cola-type drinks usually contain the same amount of caffeine, while coffee contains about twice as much. Smoking should be avoided during pregnancy as it can result in low birth weight, premature birth, and miscarriage. It can also affect your child’s growth and development. You should always consult your doctor before taking any prescription or over the counter medications or supplements while pregnant. * These guidelines for healthy nutrition d ur ing pr egna nc y also apply during bre astfe eding, and add itiona l pr oteins, vitam ins, and minera ls may be nece ssa ry . During lactation, 1,80 0 calo ries a da y is r ec omme nd ed.
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