Philippine Politics And Governance

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PHILIPPINES POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE

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MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCIES

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LESSON 1 ➢

POLITICS AND THE STUDY OF POLITICS

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WHAT IS POLITICS? ➢

Differentiate the various view on politics, governance from government, nation, and globalization. Distinguish various types of power (nature, dimensions, deployments, and consequences) and political ideologies (basic tenets) Explain the importance of politics and political analysis.

According to Plato, POLITICS is the study of the affairs of the Polis(city-state), which he defined as the most sovereign and inclusive association. To Robert Dahl, POLITICS is the existence of rules or authority within the state. It is therefore the study of POWER relationship among the people in a given society as well those relationship among states in the international community. (Lazo,2009)

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WHAT IS THE ORIGIN OF THE WORD POLITICS? ➢ It came from the word polis which means city-sate from this word, come polites, referring to citizen and politikos that means government officials (Zaide, 1983)

POLITICS AS A CONCEPT It is associated to the culture of cooperation one side and differing conflict on the other side. Work together

Rivals

Oppositions

Politics

Competitions

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Consolidation

Integration

Politics is the middle ground that aims to unionize and harmonize clashing concerns in achieving a consensus.

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There is Politics as long as there are people who exist and work-on in an organization, with set of rules they followed in order to live and prosper.

VARYING OUTLOOKS OF POLITICS: As a consensus & compromise

As a public affair

As a science

As academics

As a society Politics As a power & distribution of resources

As an art of government

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POLITICS – exercise of power, making of political decisions, practice of deception and manipulation, exercise of authority, allocation of limited resources. ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢

It is the study of tries to complement extreme power and interest in the society. Making of common decision Use of force to affect the behavior of another person or group. Denotes a social activity. The creation, maintenance and amendment of social norms or rules. Is an art and science of the government. Is the realm of public affairs or the state.

Did you know that people who are unaware or are only partly aware and uninformed of what is going on, is called as Idiotes. Idiots for ancient Greek means a person who: does not vote, does not discuss public issue and does not involve himself in government affairs.

BASIC CONCEPTS OF POLITICS 1. Order - Is the central to the study of politics because it shows different components of human society. a) COMMUNITY is one kind of social order which refers to the association of individual who shares a common identity. b) GOVERNMENT - is a higher level of social order that exist primarily for the maintenance and perpetuation of the community. c) STATE - is the largest social order today and in which the term politics originally derived. 2. POWER - The main source of reign of the government. The possession to govern or rule the state. 3. JUSTICE - The process of legalizing and penalizing the abuse of political power and power to rule. “If the government gives what people need, protect and respect their rights, and put the common good over and above the personal interest of the leaders then there is said to be justice.”

BASIC ISSUES IN POLITICS 1. Legitimacy ➢

Attitude of the people about what they consider in mind that government is a rightful ruler over them

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The King and Queen is the rightful throne on the basis of legitimate succession to authority

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LEGAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL RIGHT TO GOVERN

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Compels people to believe and follow orders

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How does government achieve legitimacy? ✓

By existing a long time

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By governing well

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By structure of government

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By manipulating national symbols

2. Sovereignty ➢

It is the right of the government to rule and the right of a government of leadership to exist. The right of a leader to rule and control not only his subjects but also the territory over which the citizens live and prosper.

SOVEREIGNITY < - > LEGITIMACY

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3. Authority ✓

It is the power of the leader to rule and the power to exact obedience on his people. It is based on acknowledged duty to obey rather than of any form of coercion or manipulation.

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It exists when subordinates acknowledged the right of superiors to given orders.

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Right act rather than the power to do so.

Three Traditional Classification of Authority according to Max Weber: 1. Traditional Authority – inheritance or succession

Ex. Datu Puti

2. Charismatic Authority – Legality of formal rules

Ex. Mayor Ernida Reynoso

3. Rational-Legal or Bureaucratic Authority – Gift of Grace

Ex. Bro Eddie Villanueva

Note: Authority relies on the obligation of the people to obey their leaders by virtue of the legitimate power of his or here effective authority requires firm, fair and wise leadership.

TWO APPROACHES to the STUDY of POLITICS •

POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY - It is the traditional approach in which the primary goal is to understand the essence or the truth about politics.

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POLITICAL SCIENCE - It is the empirical/objective approach in which it places little emphasis on abstract and normative question, and concentrates on a dispassionate and objective of the realities of politics.

Why do we need to study Political Science? We need to study Political Science because it enables us: ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢

To understand how a political system works To understand the functions and the role of the government To develop political awareness To understand socio-political issue and their implications To cultivate responsive citizenship and effective participation in government

What are the fields of study in Political Science? The fields of study are as follows: 1. Political Theory – political views, thoughts or doctrines (ideology) relating to state, includes ethical and moral standards. 2. Public Law – government powers, duties and organization and limits of power: a. Constitutional Law – results from interpretation of court of a written constitutional instrument. b. Administrative Law – laws regulating conduct of officials. c.

International Law – Laws which pertains to relations of sovereign states.

3. Public Administration – Study of methods and techniques of state affairs by the government branches.

IMPORTANT PERSONALITIES IN POLITICAL SCIENCE Jean Bodin - French Philosopher, who first called the study of state as political science. Niccolo Machiavelli – Father of Modern Political Science Jean Jacques Rousseau - Father of Modern Democracy

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Direction: If the question is answerable by Yes write “TAYO NA!”. If the question is answerable by No write “WALANG TAYO!”. Put the correct answer according on the space provided. _____________ 1. Generally, politics exist whenever people group together. _____________ 2. Politics can be found only in government organizations. _____________ 3. The word polites refers to politicians. _____________ 4. Politics, in its strictest meaning, refers to the process of decision-making and enforcing in any group that makes and enforce rules for its members. _____________ 5. Government decisions affect us in almost everything we do. _____________ 6. Politics is conflict but it is also through politics that conflict is resolved. _____________ 7. An idiot, during the time if ancient Greece, referred to a person who did not go to school. _____________ 8. A political system will be in order even without the application of power. _____________ 9. It was Aristotle that the central activity of politics is power struggle. _____________10. It was Niccolo Machiavelli who said that the study of political science is the most sovereign of all arts and sciences.

GOVERNANCE Importance of Studying Governance Governance - the people, most especially the citizens, will be aware of the need for good governance Consequently, such awareness should move them to action. For their continued empowerment and sustainable development, they have to know how to fight for their rights by knowing what to expect from Philippine governance. THREE LEGS OF GOVERNANCE ✓ ✓ ✓

ECONOMIC GOVERNANCE – Country’s economic activities and its relationships with other economies. Political Governance – to formulate policy Administrative Governance - A system of policy implementation PROCESSES AND ACTORS IN GOVERNANCE

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Decision Making and Implementation - decision making refers the process by which a person or group of persons, guided by socio political structures, arrive at a decision involving their individual and communal needs and wants. Implementation is the process that logically follows the decision. Actors and Structures - An actor is a sector or group or institution that participates in the process of decision making and Implementation. A structure refers to an organization or mechanism that formally or informally guides the decision-making process and sets into motion the different actors and apparatuses in the implementation process. Informal Actors and Bad Governance - Their influence is felt more clearly in local governments, such as organized crime syndicates and powerful families, and in rural and urban areas Most often than not, these actors are the cause of corruption, in that legitimate government objectives are distorted by their illegal and private interests. Worse, they manipulate government officials and agencies, and cause widespread yet organized violence in the community. In urban and rural areas, for example, the rich and powerful families control the economy by controlling the local government officials. They bring about a controlled environment so that decisions must always favor them.

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CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD GOVERNANCE 1. 2.

3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

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Death penalty sponsorship stumps Senate deliberation ABS-CBN News Posted at Aug 06 2020 11:45 AM MANILA - The Senate is seeking to resolve who will sponsor bills for the revival of death penalty, which President Rodrigo Duterte recently gave a fresh boost, a lawmaker said Thursday. Sen. Richard Gordon is supposed to sponsor the bills as chairperson of the justice panel that would lead deliberations. However, he "is against it," said Sen. Panfilo Lacson. "How can you defend something that you do not believe in? We are now trying to resolve whether a subcommittee chair will be appointed," he told ANC. This is “not something new,” Lacson said, pointing out that he led discussions on the National ID System as subcommittee chair because Gordon had been preoccupied with matters under the Senate Blue Ribbon Committee that he also chaired. "We only have to resolve who will sponsor it (death penalty) in the floor," said Lacson. President Rodrigo Duterte in his recent State of the Nation Address urged lawmakers to reinstate capital punishment for crimes related to narcotics. Lacson said he had filed a bill seeking the return of death penalty for "heinous crimes, even corruption, plunder." The reimposition of capital punishment was among Duterte's campaign promises in 2016, saying the threat of death can deter the proliferation of narcotics in the country. The death penalty was abolished in the Philippines in 2006, under the presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.

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Reading and Writing about Politics

1. Which of the stories do you think depicts politics? Why?

2. Which of the stories do you think do not depict politics? Why?

3. Focusing on one news story identified as depicting politics, what is the issue or problem identified?

4. Why is it an issue or problem?

5. Is it important to solve or address the problem? Why or not?

6. Whose responsibility is it to solve the problem? Why?

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7. Who are likely to benefit from the resolution of the problem? Why or why not?

Activity 1 Know Thy Power Instruction: Giving the following photos or image, please identify which ones shows or evoke power and explain why. Encircle Yes or No if the image evokes power or not, respectively, and then explain why or why not. (All images are downloaded/taken from the internet.)

Yes or No? Why or Why not? _______________________________________________________

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Yes or No? Why or Why not? _______________________________________________________

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Yes or No? Why or Why not? _______________________________________________________

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Yes or No? Why or Why not? _______________________________________________________

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Yes or No? Why or Why not? _______________________________________________________

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Yes or No? Why or Why not? _______________________________________________________

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Yes or No? Why or Why not? _______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ REFERENCES • • • • • • •

Lazo, R (2009) Introduction to political science: Rex Printing Company, Inc. Naguit, R (2005) Discourses on the 1987 Philippine Constitution: Trinitas Publishing, Inc. www.tamayaosbc.wordpress.com www.global_competitiveness_report2015 2016 www.global_competitiveness_report2016 2017 United Nation Development Program (1997) Governance & Sustainable Human Development. A UNDP Policy Document

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