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PRE-FABRICATION
SUBMITTED BYRAJAT SINGH MOHAK JAIN SIDDHARTH ATREYA MEHJABEEN SULTHANA MOHIT RAJ NITESH KANNAUJIA RISHABH KAUSHIK
Page 1
Definitions •
Pre-Fabrication It is the practice of assembling components of a structure in a factory or other manufacturing site, and transporting complete assemblies or sub-assemblies to the construction site where the structure is to be located.
• Pre-Fabricated Construction A construction method relying primarily on the use of standardized manufactured components; consists largely of assembling these parts rather than fabricating them at the site.
• Pre-Fabricated House A house assembled from components cut to size at a factory, or assembled from building modules shipped to the construction site. • Pre-Fabricated Masonry Panel A wall panel fabricated of masonry units which are bonded together at a manufacturing plant and then transported to the job site as a construction unit, ready for erection.
Page 2
HISTORY • •
•
Buildings have been built in one place and reassembled in another throughout history. the first advertised prefab house was the Manning Portable Cottage. A London carpenter, Henry Manning, constructed a house that was built in components, then shipped and assembled by British emigrants.
In Barbados the Chattel house was a form of prefabricated building which was developed by emancipated slaves who had limited rights to build upon land they did not own.
As the buildings were moveable they were legally regarded as chattels.
Page 3
HISTORY •
•
In 1855 during the Crimean War, after Florence Nightingale wrote a letter to The Times, Isambard Kingdom Brunel was commissioned to design a prefabricated modular hospital. In five months he designed a 1,000 patient hospital, with innovations in sanitation, ventilation and a flushing toilet.
Prefabricated housing was popular during World War II due to the need for mass accommodation for military personnel. The United States used Quonset huts as military buildings, and in the United Kingdom prefabricated buildings used included Nissen huts and Bellman Hangars.
Page 4
HISTORY
•
McDonalds uses prefabricated structures for their buildings, and set a record of constructing a building and opening for business within 13 hours on pre-prepared ground.
•
In the UK, the major supermarkets have each developed a modular unit system to shop building, based on the systems developed by German cost retailers Aldi and Netto.
Page 5
Definitions •
•
Fabricated Unit Fabricated are typically made of extruded or poured metal (aluminum or steel) The units range in scale from a small fasteners to steel bridge trusses. For the consideration of construction and design logics, metal fabricated components from the single stud to the 300’-0” bridge truss are in this category. Panel System Panel systems contain integrated systems within one component. Often included are structural, thermal/waterproofing, electrical, mechanical systems. Made up of a sandwich of complementary materials. How the panels are handled on site is dependent on the weight and size of each piece. •
Precast Concrete Precast concrete is fabricated in a multitude of sizes. Precast components are comprised of an internal steel rebar framework and high tolerance concrete. Concrete is meant to withstand transport to and movement on site. Units are limited in weight and dimensions based on the smallest unit of transportation
Page 6
Fabricated Unit Logic
Steel Frame Construction Fabricated Units compose the structural framing.
Page 7
PANEL System Panelized construction minimizes on-site construction. Construction materials typically fastened on-site are compiled into a component constructed in the controlled factory environment. Most common type of panel system is SIPs, structural insulated panels. SIPs are comprised of a thick layer of insulation between two layers of OSB, oriented strand board. A basic SIPs panel is composed of both structure and insulation layer. Panel systems may increase material cost by up to 50% but on-site labor cost can potentially decrease by 50%. The benefit exists in the precision of factory controlled construction with isolation from problems that exist at the site. Installation of the panels is based on methodology developed for the specific system. Different systems will have different advantages: whether the panel is lightweight or resistant to weather, earthquakes, winds, insects, debris. Panel Installation Sequence
Page 8
PRECAST CONCRETE Precast concrete construction is most readily seen within the city as infrastructure. It is a versatile construction type.
Structural Components Slabs length factor by function of service width by transportation restriction
Beams depth is dependent on length length is function of capacity load
Columns height is dependent on the width 1. Solid
Composition of Precast Materials and Accessories Rebar concrete: portland cement, water, air, aggregate Formwork: positive/negative connection keys Epoxy cementitious grout: between precast segments/ components.
2. Hollow Core 3. Single Tee 4. Double Tee 5. Rectangular 6. Inverted Tee 7. L-shaped 8. Round|Rectangle 9. Square 10. Double Height
Page 9
Process
Page 10
Advantages of Prefabrication • • • • • • • • • •
•
High capacity- enabling the realization of important projects Factory made products Shorter construction time- less than half of conventional cast in situ construction Independent of adverse weather conditions during construction Continuing erection in winter time until -20 °C Quality surveillance system Opportunities for good architecture Healthy buildings Reduced energy consumption Environmentally friendly way of building with optimum use of materials, recycling of waste products, less noise and dust etc. Cost effective solutions
Page 11
Disadvantages of Prefabrication • •
•
• •
Leaks can form at joints in prefabricated components. Transportation costs may be higher for voluminous prefabricated sections than for the materials of which they are made, which can often be packed more efficiently. Large prefabricated sections require heavy-duty cranes and precision measurement and handling to place in position. Larger groups of buildings from the same type of prefabricated elements tend to look drab and monotonous. Local jobs may be lost, if the work done to fabricate the components being located in a place far away from the place of construction. This means that there are less locals working on any construction project at any time, because fabrication is outsourced
Page 12
EXAMPLES of Prefabrication NAKAGIN CAPSULE TOWER T30A HOTEL TOWER GFRG Demo Building at IIT Madras
Page 13
NAKAGIN CAPSULE TOWER LOCATION: TOKYO, JAPAN BUILDING STATISTICS•
•
•
SITE AREA: 442 SQUARE METRES BUILDING AREA: 430 SQUARE METRES TOTAL FLOOR AREA: 3,091 SQUARE METRES. STRUCTURE DETAILS: STRUCTURAL STEEL FRAME PARTLY ENCASED IN CONCRETE MAX OF 140 CAPSULE UNITS (PREFABRICATED) 1113 STORIES INCLUDING 1 BASEMENT MATERIAL DETAILS: CAPSULE EXTERIOR: STEEL WITH SPRAYED PAINT FINISH CAPSULE INTERIOR: STEEL CAPSULE WITH CLOTH CEILING AND FLOOR CARPET TOWERS: CORTEN STRUCTURAL STEEL FRAME LOWER LEVELS: FAIR-FACED REINFORCED CONCRETE .
Page 14
NAKAGIN CAPSULE TOWER •
•
•
•
Methodology: Japanese Metabolism, physical objects are never eternal, celebrates individualism, response to long commutes. Units of Prefabrication: Capsules arrive from factory completely prefabricated, ready to be lifted by crane and bolted onto the superstructure. Structure: Steel frame with lightweight concrete shaft which houses vertical circulation, mechanical shafts. Delivery: Dense urban surroundings meant that capsules were delivered from factory to site on the same day it was attached to the superstructure
Page 15
NAKAGIN CAPSULE TOWER THE STRUCTURE : REPUTED TO BE THE WORLD’S FIRST STRUCTURE THAT IMPLEMENTED THE INNOVATIVE IDEA OF CAPSULE ARCHITECTURE, KISHO KUROKAWA DESIGNED THE NAKAGIN CAPSULE TOWER BASED OFF OF HIS SUSTAINABILITY CONCEPT CALLED “METABOLISM”. THE NAKAGIN CAPSULE TOWER IS A “MIXEDSYSTEM” STRUCTURE, UTILIZING BOTH TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE WITH MODERN TECHNOLOGY WITHIN ONE ENTITY. IT IS MADE OF TWO REINFORCED CONCRETE AND STEEL FRAME PILLARS OF ASYMMETRIC HEIGHTS, BOTH HOUSING PUBLIC UTILITIES SUCH AS STAIRS, ELEVATORS, PLUMBING, AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS . THE 14-STORY HIGH TOWER HAS 140 CAPSULES STACKED AT ANGLES AROUND THE CENTRAL CORE. KUROKAWA DEVELOPED THE TECHNOLOGY TO INSTALL THE CAPSULE UNITS INTO THE CONCRETE CORE WITH ONLY 4 HIGH-TENSION BOLTS, AS WELL AS MAKING THE UNITS DETACHABLE AND REPLACEABLE.
Page 16
NAKAGIN CAPSULE TOWER
DETAIL OF SYSTEM OF CAPSULE JOINING TO SHAFT
THE CAPSULE : THE STEEL FRAME CAPSULES (WHICH HAVE BEEN DESIGNED TO BE REPLACEABLE, REMOVABLE, AND TRANSPORTABLE) WERE PREFABRICATED IN SPECIALIST FACTORIES AND ASSEMBLED AT A PLANT BEFORE BEING DELIVERED TO THE SITE. EACH ONE WAS LIFTED BY MECHANICAL CRANES AND WERE ATTACHED TO THE TOWER SHAFTS USING 4 HIGH-TENSION BOLTS THE CAPSULE INTERIOR WAS PREASSEMBLED IN A FACTORY THEN HOISTED BY CRANE AND FASTENED TO THE Page 17 CONCRETE CORE SHAFT.
NAKAGIN CAPSULE TOWER THE CAPSULE : Capsule Axonometric 1. Plumbing, Electrical, & Waste Lines 2. Vertical Plug-In Service Fin 3. Air Conditioning Duct 4. Air Conditioning Register 5. Prefabricated Bathroom 6. Built-In Desk 7. Moveable Chair 8. Built-In Bed
Page 18
NAKAGIN CAPSULE TOWER Typical Capsule Plan 1. Capsule Entrance 2. Prefabricated Bathroom 3. Air Conditioning Chase 4. Interior Finish Surface 5. Welded Light-Weight Steel Truss Member “A” 6. Welded Light-Weight Steel Truss Member “B” 7. Built-In Bed 8. Circular Window
The capsules contained a built-in bed and drop-in bathroom unit. They were outfitted off site and hoisted into place by crane, latching onto the fourteen-story superstructure and its concrete shaft of vertical circulation. All capsules were driven in by truck the same day they were to be “plugged-in”. A stop-over happened on the outskirts of Tokyo where the capsules got transferred to smaller trucks.
Page 19
NAKAGIN CAPSULE TOWER INSIDE THE CAPSULE (2.5M X 4.5 X 2.5M) : KUROKAWA’S DESIGN CONCEPT FOCUSES ON HOW TO MAKE THE MOST EFFICIENT USE OF LIVING SPACE TO ACCOMMODATE THE EVERYDAY ESSENTIALS OF A PERSON. HE BORROWED THE “CAPSULE” TERMINOLOGY FROM THE AEROSPACE INDUSTRY (ALREADY AWARE THAT MANY SPACESHIPS HAVE IMPLEMENTED THE IDEA OF EFFICIENT AREA-USAGE) AND RETROFITTED A RECTANGULAR CABIN OF 8 FEET BY 12 FEET FLOOR SPACE WITH A BUILT-IN BATHROOM, DOUBLE BED, DESK, STORAGE SPACES, TV, TAPEDECK, TYPEWRITER, CALCULATOR, CLOCK RADIO, AND A 2BURNER STOVE. IT WAS PLANNED AS A FUTURISTIC NICHE FOR MODERN BUSINESSMEN IN TOKYO.
Page 20
The Armature Components Exploded Axonometric 1. Precast Concrete Shell w/ Steel Frame 2. Plug-In Service Fins 3. Lightweight Precast Concrete Floor Plates 4. Precast Concrete Lift Shaft 5. Ground Level Podium - Office Space
Armature: a framework to support the clay or other material used in modelling. The tower is comprised of two, interconnected towers which serve as the framework for the capsules to rest on. The on-site preparation work to create the armature is the first stage.
Page 21
NAKAGIN CAPSULE TOWER The Aggregation & Capsule Delivery Components: Plan & Core 1. Typical Capsule 2. Lightweight Precast Concrete Floor Plate 3. Prefabricated Interim Bridge 4. Plug-In Service Fin 5. Precast Concrete Shell w/ Steel Frame 6. Prefabricated Lift Cage 7. Typical Floor Entrance/Exit
Aggregation: Type 1 1. Typical Side-Entry Capsule w/ Side Window 2. Typical Front-Entry Capsule w/ Side Window 3. Side Window Capsule Aggregation
Type 1
Type 2
Aggregation: Type 2 1. Typical Side-Entry Capsule w/ End Window 2. Typical Front-Entry Capsule w/ End Window 3. End Window Capsule Aggregation
Page 22
NAKAGIN CAPSULE TOWER Capsule Delivery 1. Capsule Base Connections Détail 2. Capsule Bolting Process 3. Capsule Bolting Connection Detail 4. Prefabrication - 3 Hour Assembly 5. Transportation - 500km 6. Construction - 7-8 Months
Page 23
TIME LINE The precast concrete floor slabs that were part of the core’s structure were erected at a rate of one every two days, alternating with the construction of the steel frame, affording a full operational core to facilitate the periodic construction of the framework without an external scaffold. 144 capsules were attached to the building in less than a month. Interestingly, the podium, which is the most under-looked part of the project, had more traditional construction techniques and also responsible for much of the on-site construction time.
Page 24
NAKAGIN CAPSULE TOWER
Page 25
NAKAGIN CAPSULE TOWER
Page 26
T30A HOTEL TOWER • • • • •
LOCATION- CHANGSHA, CHINA HEIGHT: 99.9 meter / 328 feet FLOORS- G+30 GROUND FLOOR AREA- 17,602 m² / 189,466 ft² OWNER/DEVELOPER- BSB GROUP (BROAD SUSTAINABLE BUILDING) • BUILDING FUNCTION- HOTEL • STRUCTURAL MATERIAL- STEEL
Page 27
T30A HOTEL TOWER A 3.9×15.6m “main board” including flooring and ceiling, embedded shafts of ventilation, water supply & drainage, electricity and lighting. All needed pillars, diagonal bracings, doors, windows, walls and even sanitary & kitchen wares for the room installation are placed on main board for factory shipment. One truck can carry 120m2 main boards and then deliver them to the construction site to be hoisted in installation place. What all workers need to do is just screwing bolts, painting. Such a high-efficiency construction mode makes on-site installation only account for 7% of the total construction hours. This building is 93% factory-made.
Page 28
T30A HOTEL TOWER
Page 29
THE INSTANT SKYSCRAPER
Page 30
THE INSTANT SKYSCRAPER
Page 31
THE INSTANT SKYSCRAPER
Page 32
THE INSTANT SKYSCRAPER
Page 33
THE INSTANT SKYSCRAPER
Page 34
T30A HOTEL TOWER
Page 35
GFRG Demo Building at IIT Madras
Page 36
GFRG Demo Building at IIT Madras
Page 37
GFRG Demo Building at IIT Madras
GFRG demo building at IIT Madras (1981 sq ft) Page 38
GFRG Demo Building at IIT Madras TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN BUILT UP AREA-1981.3 SQ. MT.
Page 39
Page 40
SUBMITTED BYRAJAT SINGH MOHAK JAIN SIDDHARTH ATREYA MEHJABEEN SULTHANA MOHIT RAJ NITESH KANNAUJIA RISHABH KAUSHIK
Page 1
Definitions •
Pre-Fabrication It is the practice of assembling components of a structure in a factory or other manufacturing site, and transporting complete assemblies or sub-assemblies to the construction site where the structure is to be located.
• Pre-Fabricated Construction A construction method relying primarily on the use of standardized manufactured components; consists largely of assembling these parts rather than fabricating them at the site.
• Pre-Fabricated House A house assembled from components cut to size at a factory, or assembled from building modules shipped to the construction site. • Pre-Fabricated Masonry Panel A wall panel fabricated of masonry units which are bonded together at a manufacturing plant and then transported to the job site as a construction unit, ready for erection.
Page 2
HISTORY • •
•
Buildings have been built in one place and reassembled in another throughout history. the first advertised prefab house was the Manning Portable Cottage. A London carpenter, Henry Manning, constructed a house that was built in components, then shipped and assembled by British emigrants.
In Barbados the Chattel house was a form of prefabricated building which was developed by emancipated slaves who had limited rights to build upon land they did not own.
As the buildings were moveable they were legally regarded as chattels.
Page 3
HISTORY •
•
In 1855 during the Crimean War, after Florence Nightingale wrote a letter to The Times, Isambard Kingdom Brunel was commissioned to design a prefabricated modular hospital. In five months he designed a 1,000 patient hospital, with innovations in sanitation, ventilation and a flushing toilet.
Prefabricated housing was popular during World War II due to the need for mass accommodation for military personnel. The United States used Quonset huts as military buildings, and in the United Kingdom prefabricated buildings used included Nissen huts and Bellman Hangars.
Page 4
HISTORY
•
McDonalds uses prefabricated structures for their buildings, and set a record of constructing a building and opening for business within 13 hours on pre-prepared ground.
•
In the UK, the major supermarkets have each developed a modular unit system to shop building, based on the systems developed by German cost retailers Aldi and Netto.
Page 5
Definitions •
•
Fabricated Unit Fabricated are typically made of extruded or poured metal (aluminum or steel) The units range in scale from a small fasteners to steel bridge trusses. For the consideration of construction and design logics, metal fabricated components from the single stud to the 300’-0” bridge truss are in this category. Panel System Panel systems contain integrated systems within one component. Often included are structural, thermal/waterproofing, electrical, mechanical systems. Made up of a sandwich of complementary materials. How the panels are handled on site is dependent on the weight and size of each piece. •
Precast Concrete Precast concrete is fabricated in a multitude of sizes. Precast components are comprised of an internal steel rebar framework and high tolerance concrete. Concrete is meant to withstand transport to and movement on site. Units are limited in weight and dimensions based on the smallest unit of transportation
Page 6
Fabricated Unit Logic
Steel Frame Construction Fabricated Units compose the structural framing.
Page 7
PANEL System Panelized construction minimizes on-site construction. Construction materials typically fastened on-site are compiled into a component constructed in the controlled factory environment. Most common type of panel system is SIPs, structural insulated panels. SIPs are comprised of a thick layer of insulation between two layers of OSB, oriented strand board. A basic SIPs panel is composed of both structure and insulation layer. Panel systems may increase material cost by up to 50% but on-site labor cost can potentially decrease by 50%. The benefit exists in the precision of factory controlled construction with isolation from problems that exist at the site. Installation of the panels is based on methodology developed for the specific system. Different systems will have different advantages: whether the panel is lightweight or resistant to weather, earthquakes, winds, insects, debris. Panel Installation Sequence
Page 8
PRECAST CONCRETE Precast concrete construction is most readily seen within the city as infrastructure. It is a versatile construction type.
Structural Components Slabs length factor by function of service width by transportation restriction
Beams depth is dependent on length length is function of capacity load
Columns height is dependent on the width 1. Solid
Composition of Precast Materials and Accessories Rebar concrete: portland cement, water, air, aggregate Formwork: positive/negative connection keys Epoxy cementitious grout: between precast segments/ components.
2. Hollow Core 3. Single Tee 4. Double Tee 5. Rectangular 6. Inverted Tee 7. L-shaped 8. Round|Rectangle 9. Square 10. Double Height
Page 9
Process
Page 10
Advantages of Prefabrication • • • • • • • • • •
•
High capacity- enabling the realization of important projects Factory made products Shorter construction time- less than half of conventional cast in situ construction Independent of adverse weather conditions during construction Continuing erection in winter time until -20 °C Quality surveillance system Opportunities for good architecture Healthy buildings Reduced energy consumption Environmentally friendly way of building with optimum use of materials, recycling of waste products, less noise and dust etc. Cost effective solutions
Page 11
Disadvantages of Prefabrication • •
•
• •
Leaks can form at joints in prefabricated components. Transportation costs may be higher for voluminous prefabricated sections than for the materials of which they are made, which can often be packed more efficiently. Large prefabricated sections require heavy-duty cranes and precision measurement and handling to place in position. Larger groups of buildings from the same type of prefabricated elements tend to look drab and monotonous. Local jobs may be lost, if the work done to fabricate the components being located in a place far away from the place of construction. This means that there are less locals working on any construction project at any time, because fabrication is outsourced
Page 12
EXAMPLES of Prefabrication NAKAGIN CAPSULE TOWER T30A HOTEL TOWER GFRG Demo Building at IIT Madras
Page 13
NAKAGIN CAPSULE TOWER LOCATION: TOKYO, JAPAN BUILDING STATISTICS•
•
•
SITE AREA: 442 SQUARE METRES BUILDING AREA: 430 SQUARE METRES TOTAL FLOOR AREA: 3,091 SQUARE METRES. STRUCTURE DETAILS: STRUCTURAL STEEL FRAME PARTLY ENCASED IN CONCRETE MAX OF 140 CAPSULE UNITS (PREFABRICATED) 1113 STORIES INCLUDING 1 BASEMENT MATERIAL DETAILS: CAPSULE EXTERIOR: STEEL WITH SPRAYED PAINT FINISH CAPSULE INTERIOR: STEEL CAPSULE WITH CLOTH CEILING AND FLOOR CARPET TOWERS: CORTEN STRUCTURAL STEEL FRAME LOWER LEVELS: FAIR-FACED REINFORCED CONCRETE .
Page 14
NAKAGIN CAPSULE TOWER •
•
•
•
Methodology: Japanese Metabolism, physical objects are never eternal, celebrates individualism, response to long commutes. Units of Prefabrication: Capsules arrive from factory completely prefabricated, ready to be lifted by crane and bolted onto the superstructure. Structure: Steel frame with lightweight concrete shaft which houses vertical circulation, mechanical shafts. Delivery: Dense urban surroundings meant that capsules were delivered from factory to site on the same day it was attached to the superstructure
Page 15
NAKAGIN CAPSULE TOWER THE STRUCTURE : REPUTED TO BE THE WORLD’S FIRST STRUCTURE THAT IMPLEMENTED THE INNOVATIVE IDEA OF CAPSULE ARCHITECTURE, KISHO KUROKAWA DESIGNED THE NAKAGIN CAPSULE TOWER BASED OFF OF HIS SUSTAINABILITY CONCEPT CALLED “METABOLISM”. THE NAKAGIN CAPSULE TOWER IS A “MIXEDSYSTEM” STRUCTURE, UTILIZING BOTH TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE WITH MODERN TECHNOLOGY WITHIN ONE ENTITY. IT IS MADE OF TWO REINFORCED CONCRETE AND STEEL FRAME PILLARS OF ASYMMETRIC HEIGHTS, BOTH HOUSING PUBLIC UTILITIES SUCH AS STAIRS, ELEVATORS, PLUMBING, AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS . THE 14-STORY HIGH TOWER HAS 140 CAPSULES STACKED AT ANGLES AROUND THE CENTRAL CORE. KUROKAWA DEVELOPED THE TECHNOLOGY TO INSTALL THE CAPSULE UNITS INTO THE CONCRETE CORE WITH ONLY 4 HIGH-TENSION BOLTS, AS WELL AS MAKING THE UNITS DETACHABLE AND REPLACEABLE.
Page 16
NAKAGIN CAPSULE TOWER
DETAIL OF SYSTEM OF CAPSULE JOINING TO SHAFT
THE CAPSULE : THE STEEL FRAME CAPSULES (WHICH HAVE BEEN DESIGNED TO BE REPLACEABLE, REMOVABLE, AND TRANSPORTABLE) WERE PREFABRICATED IN SPECIALIST FACTORIES AND ASSEMBLED AT A PLANT BEFORE BEING DELIVERED TO THE SITE. EACH ONE WAS LIFTED BY MECHANICAL CRANES AND WERE ATTACHED TO THE TOWER SHAFTS USING 4 HIGH-TENSION BOLTS THE CAPSULE INTERIOR WAS PREASSEMBLED IN A FACTORY THEN HOISTED BY CRANE AND FASTENED TO THE Page 17 CONCRETE CORE SHAFT.
NAKAGIN CAPSULE TOWER THE CAPSULE : Capsule Axonometric 1. Plumbing, Electrical, & Waste Lines 2. Vertical Plug-In Service Fin 3. Air Conditioning Duct 4. Air Conditioning Register 5. Prefabricated Bathroom 6. Built-In Desk 7. Moveable Chair 8. Built-In Bed
Page 18
NAKAGIN CAPSULE TOWER Typical Capsule Plan 1. Capsule Entrance 2. Prefabricated Bathroom 3. Air Conditioning Chase 4. Interior Finish Surface 5. Welded Light-Weight Steel Truss Member “A” 6. Welded Light-Weight Steel Truss Member “B” 7. Built-In Bed 8. Circular Window
The capsules contained a built-in bed and drop-in bathroom unit. They were outfitted off site and hoisted into place by crane, latching onto the fourteen-story superstructure and its concrete shaft of vertical circulation. All capsules were driven in by truck the same day they were to be “plugged-in”. A stop-over happened on the outskirts of Tokyo where the capsules got transferred to smaller trucks.
Page 19
NAKAGIN CAPSULE TOWER INSIDE THE CAPSULE (2.5M X 4.5 X 2.5M) : KUROKAWA’S DESIGN CONCEPT FOCUSES ON HOW TO MAKE THE MOST EFFICIENT USE OF LIVING SPACE TO ACCOMMODATE THE EVERYDAY ESSENTIALS OF A PERSON. HE BORROWED THE “CAPSULE” TERMINOLOGY FROM THE AEROSPACE INDUSTRY (ALREADY AWARE THAT MANY SPACESHIPS HAVE IMPLEMENTED THE IDEA OF EFFICIENT AREA-USAGE) AND RETROFITTED A RECTANGULAR CABIN OF 8 FEET BY 12 FEET FLOOR SPACE WITH A BUILT-IN BATHROOM, DOUBLE BED, DESK, STORAGE SPACES, TV, TAPEDECK, TYPEWRITER, CALCULATOR, CLOCK RADIO, AND A 2BURNER STOVE. IT WAS PLANNED AS A FUTURISTIC NICHE FOR MODERN BUSINESSMEN IN TOKYO.
Page 20
The Armature Components Exploded Axonometric 1. Precast Concrete Shell w/ Steel Frame 2. Plug-In Service Fins 3. Lightweight Precast Concrete Floor Plates 4. Precast Concrete Lift Shaft 5. Ground Level Podium - Office Space
Armature: a framework to support the clay or other material used in modelling. The tower is comprised of two, interconnected towers which serve as the framework for the capsules to rest on. The on-site preparation work to create the armature is the first stage.
Page 21
NAKAGIN CAPSULE TOWER The Aggregation & Capsule Delivery Components: Plan & Core 1. Typical Capsule 2. Lightweight Precast Concrete Floor Plate 3. Prefabricated Interim Bridge 4. Plug-In Service Fin 5. Precast Concrete Shell w/ Steel Frame 6. Prefabricated Lift Cage 7. Typical Floor Entrance/Exit
Aggregation: Type 1 1. Typical Side-Entry Capsule w/ Side Window 2. Typical Front-Entry Capsule w/ Side Window 3. Side Window Capsule Aggregation
Type 1
Type 2
Aggregation: Type 2 1. Typical Side-Entry Capsule w/ End Window 2. Typical Front-Entry Capsule w/ End Window 3. End Window Capsule Aggregation
Page 22
NAKAGIN CAPSULE TOWER Capsule Delivery 1. Capsule Base Connections Détail 2. Capsule Bolting Process 3. Capsule Bolting Connection Detail 4. Prefabrication - 3 Hour Assembly 5. Transportation - 500km 6. Construction - 7-8 Months
Page 23
TIME LINE The precast concrete floor slabs that were part of the core’s structure were erected at a rate of one every two days, alternating with the construction of the steel frame, affording a full operational core to facilitate the periodic construction of the framework without an external scaffold. 144 capsules were attached to the building in less than a month. Interestingly, the podium, which is the most under-looked part of the project, had more traditional construction techniques and also responsible for much of the on-site construction time.
Page 24
NAKAGIN CAPSULE TOWER
Page 25
NAKAGIN CAPSULE TOWER
Page 26
T30A HOTEL TOWER • • • • •
LOCATION- CHANGSHA, CHINA HEIGHT: 99.9 meter / 328 feet FLOORS- G+30 GROUND FLOOR AREA- 17,602 m² / 189,466 ft² OWNER/DEVELOPER- BSB GROUP (BROAD SUSTAINABLE BUILDING) • BUILDING FUNCTION- HOTEL • STRUCTURAL MATERIAL- STEEL
Page 27
T30A HOTEL TOWER A 3.9×15.6m “main board” including flooring and ceiling, embedded shafts of ventilation, water supply & drainage, electricity and lighting. All needed pillars, diagonal bracings, doors, windows, walls and even sanitary & kitchen wares for the room installation are placed on main board for factory shipment. One truck can carry 120m2 main boards and then deliver them to the construction site to be hoisted in installation place. What all workers need to do is just screwing bolts, painting. Such a high-efficiency construction mode makes on-site installation only account for 7% of the total construction hours. This building is 93% factory-made.
Page 28
T30A HOTEL TOWER
Page 29
THE INSTANT SKYSCRAPER
Page 30
THE INSTANT SKYSCRAPER
Page 31
THE INSTANT SKYSCRAPER
Page 32
THE INSTANT SKYSCRAPER
Page 33
THE INSTANT SKYSCRAPER
Page 34
T30A HOTEL TOWER
Page 35
GFRG Demo Building at IIT Madras
Page 36
GFRG Demo Building at IIT Madras
Page 37
GFRG Demo Building at IIT Madras
GFRG demo building at IIT Madras (1981 sq ft) Page 38
GFRG Demo Building at IIT Madras TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN BUILT UP AREA-1981.3 SQ. MT.
Page 39
Page 40
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