Quartz School For Well Site Supervisors

Quartz1. School for Well Supervisors Introduction to WellSite Completion Module – 12 Well Completions

Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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Section – 1 Introduction to Well Completion

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1. Introduction to Well Completion

Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

Schlumberger Private

Types of Wells and Completions

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1. Introduction to Well Completions Contents Completions in Vertical Wells Completions in Deviated Wells Horizontal Wells Completions Extended Reach Well Profile Multilateral Wells Intelligent Completions

Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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y y y y y y

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1. Introduction to Well Completions Completions in Vertical Wellbore Profiles yVertical wellbore y No great productivity benefit y May catch unwanted water or gas y Preferred for fracturing

Basement

Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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Cap rock

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1. Introduction to Well Completions Open Hole (Barefoot) Completions

Cap Rock

y Casing string with open hole y Provides top-hole stability

Schlumberger Private

y Conductor with open hole y No ground water protection

Reservoir

y Liner with open hole y Cross-flow protection Open hole Completion

Gravel Pack Completion

Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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1. Introduction to Well Completions Perforated Completions y Casing or liner y Without production tubing y Casing or liner with production tubing y Production through tubing or annulus y Casing or liner with tubing and packer y Production through tubing enables

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Cap Rock

Reservoir

flow control Cemented casing

Cemented liner

Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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1. Introduction to Well Completions Deviated Wellbore Profile

y Deviated wellbore y Increased productivity

Cap rock

y Extends reach within

Basement

Schlumberger Private

especially in thin reservoirs

reservoir

y General y 0 – 90 degrees y Issues with Wireline/Slickline work beyond 65 degrees Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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1. Introduction to Well Completions Horizontal Well Completions

Cap rock

Issues y Depth Control y Zonal Isolation y Flow Control

Schlumberger Private

Horizontal wellbore y Significant increase in productivity y Reduced influence of skin y Reduced influence on coning

Water zone

Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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1. Introduction to Well Completions Extended Reach Well Definition:

depth (TVD) is greater than 2.0

y A mega-reach well has a MD/TVD ratio of 3.0 or greater

Schlumberger Private

y A well in which the ratio of measured depth (MD) to true vertical

y Hibernia - 2.05 Ratio y BP Wytch Farm - 5.4 Ratio

Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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1. Introduction to Well Completions Examples of Extended Reach Wells

1000

Foinhaven

Angola Gulfaks

2000

Argentina S. Italy

Valhal

Prudhoe Dan

Statfjord

3000 Magnus 4000

Dunlin Alwyn

Schlumberger Private

Wytch Farm

Oman

Hibernia Guida

Colombia 5000 1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

9000

10000

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1. Introduction to Well Completions Multilateral Wells Ideal

y The definition of a multilateral well is: y A well in which there is more than one

Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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horizontal or near horizontal lateral well drilled from a single main bore and connected back to the same main bore.

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1. Introduction to Well Completions Typical ML Well Trajectories

Stacked Laterals

Forked

Laterals in Vertical Hole

Laterals in Horizontal

Dual Opposing Laterals

Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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Multi branched

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1. Introduction to Well Completions Multilateral Nomenclature

Mainbore

Lateral

Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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Junction

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1. Introduction to Well Completions First Multilateral First Multilateral well was drilled in Russia in 1953

y y y

main bore Increased exposure to the pay zone by 5.5 times Increased production by 17 times Only increased capitol expenditures by 1.5 times

Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

Schlumberger Private

y 9 lateral branches from the

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1. Introduction to Well Completions Not Two Wells in One

Production y Will probably be between 30-60% improvement over a horizontal well, not double

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Cost y To be economical the Capex should be no greater than 50% additional for each lateral

Economics y Should improve by approximately 40%

Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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1. Introduction to Well Completions Multilateral Advantages Technical Advantages

coning, gas coning, and sanding potential y More efficient exploitation of complex reservoirs

Economic Advantages

y y y y

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y Increased reservoir exposure y Increase in connectivity to the reservoir, to reduce water

No added cost for the main bore and surface equipment No additional slot use on an offshore platform Smaller platform due to decreased surface equipment Increase in recoverable reserves

Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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1. Introduction to Well Completions Multilateral Disadvantages Technical Disadvantages Well intervention is more complicated Reservoir monitoring is more complicated Increased drilling risks Increased problems to control the well while creating additional laterals y Increased debris

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y y y y

Economic Disadvantages

y Increased risk of losing the main bore and lower laterals y Dependent on new technology

Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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1. Introduction to Well Completions

Technology Advancement of Multi Laterals Schlumberger Private

The objective of the TAML consortium is to promote the efficient development and utilization of multilaterals within the international petroleum industry, through dialogue; information and technology exchange; and collective sponsorship.

TAML Members Schlumberger, Baker Hughes, BP-Amoco, Chevron, Mobil, Norsk Hydro, Phillips, Saga, Shell, Smith, Sperry Sun, Statoil, Texaco, TIW,Total, Weatherford, Well Service Technology Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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1. Introduction to Well Completions

TAML (Technology Advancement Multi Lateral) Definitions • Open hole Main bore • Open hole Lateral

• Cased Main bore • Open hole Lateral

• Cased Main bore • Mechanical Integrity at Junction

• Cased Main bore • Cemented Junction

• Cased Main bore • Mechanical and Hydraulic Integrity at Junction through Casing Packers

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RapidExclude Animation

• Cased Main bore • Mechanical and Hydraulic Integrity at Junction through Junction construction

RapidSeal Animation Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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1. Introduction to Well Completions Intelligent Wells = Reservoir Monitoring & Control, RMC

Definition of an RMC or Intelligent Completion is: A completion system which can measure and selectively control flow into or out from a specific wellbore or interval.

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Known in Schlumberger as “RMC Completion” y RMC stands for: “Reservoir Monitoring & Control” y Referred to by the industry as: “Intelligent Completions”

y Two Key Words y Measure or Monitor y Control Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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1. Introduction to Well Completions Reservoir Monitoring Control, RMC Current Scenario y Water Cut interferes with Oil Production

Production will limit total Oil Recoveries to a maximum of 35% of Oil in Place

Gas

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y Water and/or Gas

Oil

Water

Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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1. Introduction to Well Completions Reservoir Monitoring Control, RMC

Schlumberger Private

Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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1. Introduction to Well Completions Reservoir Monitoring Control, RMC

Schlumberger Private

Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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1. Introduction to Well Completions Reservoir Monitoring Control, RMC System Overview Data Transmission

Reservoir Management

Data Acquisition Schlumberger Private

Power & Communication

Permanent Gauges Flow Control Valves

Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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1. Introduction to Well Completions Reservoir Monitoring Control, RMC Fundamental Requirements

y A completion system must provide a means of oil or gas y Safe y e.g., well security, environment

y Efficient

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production which is:

y e.g., production objectives

y Economic y e.g., cost vs. revenue

Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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1. Introduction to Well Completions Completion – Definition

Process: y The design, selection and installation of tubulars, tools and equipment, located in the wellbore, for the purpose of conveying, pumping or controlling production (or injection) fluids.

Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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Definition: y The methodology and technology required to produce recoverable reserves (reservoir to surface).

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1. Introduction to Well Completions

Completion History / Evolution

Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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y 1300 Marco Polo – wells dug at Caspian Sea y 1814 First naturally flowing oil well – 475 ft y 1822 Rudimentary art of drilling established y 1905 Casing cemented y 1911 First gas lift device y 1913 First dual completion y 1926 First electric submersible pump y 1933 First gun perforation job y 1963 Commercial coiled tubing services introduced

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1. Introduction to Well Completions

Completions – The Last 25 Years Over the past 25 years completion evolution has effected:

y Technology y Applications

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y Philosophy

y Safety y Contingency Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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1. Introduction to Well Completions

C

US$ x 1000

400 300 200 100

Schlumberger Private

M ob

500

/D em as ob Dr ing illi n Dr g R illi ng ig C Flu om id pl Lo s et gg io n in Di g Tu re & bu ct Pe io Bit la na rfo rs s& & l r at Se C C Eq in em o r rv g ui ic pm en ing Su es tin pe en g r t vis Sit e io n P Re rep nt a Pe a l E ra ti rso q on u O nn ip m th e er l L en og t C am ist ic p s

Completion Cost

Operational Phase/Cost Category

yCompletion cost (relative) example for a 10,000 ft land well Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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1. Introduction to Well Completions

Completion Design Factors y Principal completion design factors include: y Casing protection y Tubing string removal y e.g., for replacement or workover for the live of the well

y Safety or contingency

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y e.g., protection against erosion, corrosion

y e.g., requirements for safety valves and well kill

y Production control y e.g., components providing flexibility and control of production (nipples, profiles and sliding sleeves

Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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1. Introduction to Well Completions Basic Production Configurations

y Majority of completions are based on the following completion configurations

y Reservoir interface Openhole Casing production Liner production Gravel pack wellbore Deviation

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y y y y y

y Production conduit y y y y y

Suspended tubing Basic packer Packer and tailpipe Packer with additional safety and production devices Multiple Conduits

Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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1. Introduction to Well Completions Open Hole Production

Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

Schlumberger Private

Key points y No downhole flow control or isolation y Producing formation is unsupported y Casing provides isolation between shallower formations

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1. Introduction to Well Completions Casing Production

y Casing provides isolation between shallower formations with potential for remedial work to isolate sections of perforated interval

Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

Schlumberger Private

Key points y No downhole flow control or isolation

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1. Introduction to Well Completions Liner Production Key points:

production but with smaller (and shorter) tubulars set through the reservoir

Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

Schlumberger Private

y Similar to casing

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1. Introduction to Well Completions Gravel Pack Wellbore Key points:

requirement determined by formation type

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y Special application -

y May require special operation (under reaming) during well construction phase

Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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1. Introduction to Well Completions Gravel Pack - Screens

Schlumberger Private

Wire wrapped screen

Prepacked screen

yGravel pack screen types Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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1. Introduction to Well Completions Simple Tubing Completion Key features:

(well kill or kick-off)

y Improves hydraulic

Schlumberger Private

y Circulation capability

performance

y Limited protection for casing

Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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1. Introduction to Well Completions Basic Packer Completion Key features

y Isolation of Production Interval

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y Tubing Anchoring

y Circulation capability (determined by design and setting of packer)

y Casing string protected from fluid and pressure effects Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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1. Introduction to Well Completions Packer with Tailpipe Key features

downhole production (flow)control, e.g., plugs

Schlumberger Private

y Additional flexibility for

y Facility for downhole instruments (gauges)

Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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1. Introduction to Well Completions Enhanced Packer Installation Key features

downhole production control, e.g., plugs above or below packer

Schlumberger Private

y Improved flexibility for

y Circulation capability independent of packer

y Safety facility (SSSV) Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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1. Introduction to Well Completions Completion Examples The following completion examples are extracted from design files for: Single zone completions Multiple zone completions Liner completions Special completions

y y y y y

Schlumberger Private

y y y y

Sand control Inhibitor injection Water flooding Thermal Remedial (scab liner) Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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1. Introduction to Well Completions Single Zone – Retrievable Packer Key Features:

pressure and temperature gauges y Fully retrievable completion y Packer can be set with well flanged up y Thru-tubing perforation possible where size permits Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

Schlumberger Private

y Hydraulically set y Tail-pipe facility for

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1. Introduction to Well Completions Single Zone – Seal-Bore Packer Key Features:

electric-line or tubing

y On-off connector and

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y Seal-bore packer set on

tubing anchor allows tubing to be retrieved

y Tailpipe plugged and left in wellbore or retrieved with production tubing Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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1. Introduction to Well Completions Single Zone – Packer and Tailpipe Key Features:

wellbore when production tubing is retrieved

Schlumberger Private

y Tailpipe plugged and left in

y Permits safe thru-tubing perforating

y Block and kill system facilitates the killing of high-pressure, high-flow rate wells Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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1. Introduction to Well Completions Multiple Zones – 2 Zones 1 Packer Key Features:

production through single tubing string

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y Separate or commingled

y Blast joint protection across upper interval

y On-off connector and tubing anchor permits tubing retrieval with lower interval isolated Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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1. Introduction to Well Completions Multiple Zones – 2 Zones 2 Packers Key Features:

y Independent production through y Blast joint protection across upper interval

Schlumberger Private

dual tubing strings

y Both packers retrievable y Tailpipe instrument facility on both strings

y Thru-tubing perforation of lower zone possible Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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1. Introduction to Well Completions Liner CSR Key Features:

y Most simple liner hook-up

y Fluid circulation through

Schlumberger Private

y CSR replaces packer

sliding sleeve above the liner hanger

y Tailpipe retrieved with production tubing Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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1. Introduction to Well Completions Monobore Completion Key Features:

y Designed to meet criteria for: y appropriate production y y y y

rates flexibility/contingency safety monitoring (reservoir management) longevity

Schlumberger Private

Safety valve

Packer/hanger assembly

Liner Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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1. Introduction to Well Completions Multi-Zone Completion Hydraulic Control Line for the TRSCSSV Tubing Retreivable Surface Controled Subsurface Safety Valve (TRSCSSV) Hydraulic Control Line for the ASV

Example of a Multi Zone Completion using a Standard Configuration for each Zone

10 3/4 Casing

Gas Lift Mandrel 5-1/2 Production Tubing

Schlumberger Private

(this can be repeated for any number of zones) Annular Safety Valve (ASV) System with Wet Disconnect

Production Packer w/ TEC bypass Tubing Encased Conductor (TEC)

Isolation Packer w/ TEC feedthru

Flow Control Device w/ Cross Coupling Clamp Integral Pressure/ Temperature sensor Venturi Flowmeter

Zone 1

Plug 9-5/8 Liner

Zone 2

Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion

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