Road Safety Audit Reports For-: 1. Design Stage 2. Construction Stage & 3. Operation & Maintainance Stage
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ROAD SAFETY AUDIT REPORTS FOR1. DESIGN STAGE 2. CONSTRUCTION STAGE & 3. OPERATION & MAINTAINANCE STAGE
Submitted by,
P ANIL KUMAR AKSHAY ASHOK MURDE Dr. K GUNASEKARAN DAVULURI RAMESH KUMAR PRONJAL JOSHI BARUN HALDER AYAZ ALI KHAN
For 15 Day Road Safety Auditor Certification Course by CRRI during 10th Dec – 24th Dec 2018. MENTOR
RAMESH CHANDRA MAJHI
CSIR – CENTRAL ROAD RESEARCH INSTITUTE NEW DELHI - 110025
Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report
Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.
GENERAL ..................................................................................................................... 3
2.
DETAIL DESIGN STAGE AUDIT ............................................................................. 3 2.1
STUDY SECTION ................................................................................................. 5
2.2 SITE DRAWINGS ......................................................................................................... 6 2.3
OBSERVATIONS .................................................................................................. 7
2.3.1
CROSS SECTION .......................................................................................... 8
2.3.2
ALIGNMENT .............................................................................................. 12
2.3.3
INTERCHANGE ......................................................................................... 17
2.3.4
JUNCTIONS ................................................................................................. 18
2.3.5
PROVISIONS FOR VULNERABLE ROAD USERS ............................... 21
2.3.6
ROAD SIGNS, MARKINGS AND LIGHTING ....................................... 22
2.3.7
JUNCTION SIGNS @ Km 53+164 ............................................................. 27
2.3.8
ROAD SIGNAGE PLAN FROM Km 42+000 – 52+000 ......................... 31
2.3.9
PROVISION FOR ROAD SIDE COMMUNITIES ................................... 35
2.3.10 2.4
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ROAD SIDE HAZARDS ......................................................................... 35
CONCLUSION.................................................................................................... 36
Page 1
Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report List of Figures Figure 2.1 Steps to be followed for Design Stage Audit ................................................................. 4 Figure 2: Type-2B : Typical Cross Section for Right side Widening without Service Road in Rural Area ................................................................................................................................... 8 Figure 3: Type-3B Showing median width as 2.0m, without crash barrier in median and without pedestrian guard rail at footpath .............................................................................. 9 Figure 3.4:Type-5 : Typical Cross Section for Concentric Widening with Service road .......... 10 Figure 3.5: Type-10B : Typical Cross Section For Unidirectional Flyover Approach With Service Road ............................................................................................................................. 11 Figure 3.6: Deficit curve location. HIP NO: 79/2 at Ch: 78415+057............................................ 13 Figure 3.7: Observations at Interchange ......................................................................................... 17 Figure 3.8: Median without storage lane at Km 47+371 ........................................................... 18 Figure 3.9: Median without storage lane at Km 53+164 ............................................................... 20 Figure 10: Deficient Median and Traffic calming on cross road at Km 79+067 ........................ 21 Figure 11: JUNCTION MARKING @ Km 47.371 ........................................................................... 23 Figure 3.12: Deficient marking at Km 53+164 ................................................................................ 24 Figure 13: Deficient marking at Km 79+067 ................................................................................... 25 Figure 3.14: Deficient marking at Km 82.428 ................................................................................. 27 Figure 15: Deficient signage layout at Km 53+164 ........................................................................ 28 Figure 16: Deficient signage layout at Km 79+067 ........................................................................ 29 Figure 17: Deficient signage layout at Km 82+438 ........................................................................ 30 Figure 18: Deficient signage layout 1 .............................................................................................. 32 Figure 19: Deficient signage layout 2 .............................................................................................. 32 Figure 20: Deficient signage layout 3 .............................................................................................. 33 Figure 21: Deficient signage layout 4 .............................................................................................. 33 Figure 22: Deficient signage layout 5 .............................................................................................. 34 Figure 23: Deficient signage layout 6 .............................................................................................. 34
List of Tables Table 1: Salient Features of the Project .............................................................................................. 5 Table 2: Horizontal Curve Details ................................................................................................... 12 Table 3: Vertical Curve Details ......................................................................................................... 14
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report 1.
GENERAL
Road Safety Audit is a systematic process for checking the road safety implications of highway improvements and new road schemes. The sole objective of the process is to minimise road crashes and severity. The road safety audits are undertaken by a Audit team which must be independent to the design team. The audit team comprises of a minimum of two persons with appropriate level of training, skills and experience in road safety engineering and/or Accident Investigation. The road safety audit shall be undertaken at each of the following stages. 1. Feasibility Design 2. Preliminary Design 3. Detailed Design 4. Construction Stage 5. Pre-opening stage 6. Operation and Maintenance stage The current report is for the detailed design stage audit carried out from Km 77.000 to Km 83.000 of SH-10 of Sambalpur-Rourkela section.
2.
DETAIL DESIGN STAGE AUDIT
Detailed design road safety audit is done on completion of detailed design by design consultant and well before the commencement of work. Detailed design audit assess the design at a stage when the major conceptual and layout decisions have already been taken. This shall be undertaken as it is the last chance to make modifications to plans before construction. Steps involved in the Design stage audit have been given in Fig. 2.1
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report
Figure 2.1 Steps to be followed for Design Stage Audit The major elements required to examine at this stage are as follows. 1. Design of Geometrics 2. Cross-fall 3. Design of Junctions 4. Embankment Slops 5. Presence Clear Zone 6. Side Drains 7. Marking and Signs 8. Traffic Signals 9. Lighting 10. Interim measures
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report 2.1
STUDY SECTION A design stage practical training safety audit has been carried out at CRRI for
Road Safety Auditors Certification Course. The project to which the design stage audit carried out was “Four Laning with Paved shoulders of Sambalpur-Rourkela section of SH-10 in the State of Odisha to be executed as BOT (Toll) Project on DBFOT Pattern”.
This road has an approximate length of 162.5 km from Sambalpur (starting at rotary intersection with NH-6 at Km 4+900) to Rourkela (ending at the Vedvyas intersection with NH-23 at Km 167+400). The Existing Project Corridor has a two-lane carriageway configuration (average 7.0m wide) with paved shoulders on either side of average 1.5 m width, followed by 1m of earthen shoulder. The project Corridor is proposed for up gradation to four lane carriageway configuration with paved shoulders. There are a total of 166 intersections along the Project Corridor. Of these, 16 are major intersections with various categories of roads. There are a total of 378 Structures along the Project Corridor. Of these, 6 are major bridges, 39 are minor bridges, 2 are ROB’s, 225 are slab culverts, 98 are pipe culverts and 8 are box culverts. The following Table 1 shows the salient features of the project.
Table 1: Salient Features of the Project Sl. No.
1
2
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Description
Details
Carriageway
2 x 7.25m (Inclusive of Shyness)
Paved Shoulder
1.50m
Earthen Shoulder
2.0m
Median
1.50m (exclusive of Shyness)
Service Road
-
Carriageway
5.50m
Paved Shoulder
-
Page 5
Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report Sl. No.
Description
Details
Separator
0.5m
Footpath
1.50m on either side
3
Minor Intersections
150 Nos
4
Major Intersections
16 Nos
5
Major Bridges
6 Nos
6
Minor Bridges
39 Nos
7
Slab/Box Culverts
233 Nos
8
Pipe Culvert
98 Nos
9
ROB
2
Nos
2.2 SITE DRAWINGS The design consultant has completed the detailed design and submitted its report. The Audit is being carried for Stage 3 i.e. after completion of Detailed Design. The details not provided with drawing are as follows: 1. Traffic Volumes 2. Any Previous compliance reports 3. Any known safety issues
The drawings provided for the stage-3 Road Safety Audit are as follows. 1. Plan & Profile from Km 77+000 to Km 83+000 2. Road Sign Plan from Km 42+000 to Km 52+000 3. Typical Cross Sections - Type-1B, 2B, 3B, 6A, 10A & 11A. 4. Detailed Drawings for Major Junctions at Km 47+371, Km 53+164 & Km 82.438. 5. Detailed Drawings for Grade Separator Junction at Km 79+067. 6. Marking Drawings for Major Junctions at Km 47+371, Km 53+164, Km 82+438 & Km 79+067.
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report 7. Signage Drawings for Major Junctions at Km 47+371, Km 53.164, Km 82+438 & Km 79+067.
The Safety Audit team has not visited the site and the audit has been carried out as part of the practical training for Road Safety Auditors Certification Course. 2.3
OBSERVATIONS
The safety audit has been carried out and the problems identified are classified as follows: 1. General 2. Cross Section 3. Alignment 4. Interchange 5. Junctions 6. Provisions for VRUs 7. Road Signs, Markings and lighting as per standards 8. Provision for road side communities 9. Road Side hazard
Each situation under these categories will be presented in the following formats: Observation: Problem Observed Reasons for Concern: The safety concerns have been mentioned & supported with pictures extracted from the drawings to support the gravity of issue Recommendations: The Audit recommends road safety engineering measures for the observed problem Priority: To which priority this issue belongs
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report 2.3.1 CROSS SECTION 2.3.1.1 TYPE-2B: Cross Section Observation: Median width is proposed as 2.0m. Kerb Shyness is proposed as 0.25m. In this section , Right side has been widened & the existing road is left hand side of the proposed road. There is no service road as the section is in the rural area.
Figure 2: Type-2B: Cross Section Reasons for Concern: As per Table:2.2 of IRC SP:84-2014 the width of median in open country with isolated built-up area is 5.0m. The kerb shyness shall be 0.5m as per Cl. 2.5.1 Recommendations: The width of median shall be provided as 5.0m and the Kerb shyness shall be 0.5m as per IRC guidelines. GROUP-G
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report
Priority: Essential 2.3.1.2 TYPE-3B: Cross Section Observation: Kerb Shyness is proposed as 0.25m. Pedestrian guard rail not provided. Crash barrier not provided. Median Width provided is 2.0m without a Crash Barrier & there is no Pedestrian
Guard
Rail
along
the
footpath.
Figure 3: Type-3B Cross Section Reasons for Concern: The kerb shyness shall be 0.5m as per Cl. 2.5.1. Pedestrian guard rail need to be provided for safety of pedestrians. Crash barrier need to be provided in the median as width of median is very less and there is a chance of uncontrolled vehicle movement to other carriageway and can happen a head on collision. Recommendations:
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report Kerb shyness shall be 0.5m as per IRC guidelines. Pedestrian guard rail shall be provided at the edge of the footpath towards carriageway side. W-metal beam crash barrier shall be provided in median as per IRC guidelines. Priority: Highly Desirable 2.3.1.3
TYPE-5: Cross Section
Observation: The width of service road provided is 5.5m.
Figure 3.4:Type-5 : Cross Section Reasons for Concern: As per 2.12.2.1 of IRC SP 84: 2014 , the width of service road in open areas shall be 7.0m. If the width less than 7.0m is provided for service road bidirectional movement of traffic wouldn’t be a smooth flow.
Recommendations: The service road width shall be provided as per IRC guidelines. GROUP-G
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report Priority: Essential 2.3.1.4
TYPE-10B: Cross Section
Observation: RCC Drain provided is not a closed drain. Street lighting is not provided in approach of Grade Separator.
Figure 3.5: Type-10B : Cross Section
Reasons for Concern:
Closed drain shall be provided instead of open drain as it would lead to fall of errant vehicles and in attentive road users.
At this section sufficient lighting is not provided and it would influence the safe movements of vehicles during night time. Recommendations:
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report Closed drain shall be provided and lighting as per IRC codal recommendations shall be provided. Priority: Highly Desirable
2.3.2 ALIGNMENT 2.3.2.1
Horizontal Alignment
The given plan & profile drawings have been reviewed in detail considering the recommendations of IRC SP 84 2014, IRC 38 1988, IRC 73 & the details are as follows. Table 2: Horizontal Curve Details Horizontal curve details Design
Sl No
Chainage
speed (Kmph)
Radius of
Transition
curve
Length (m)
(m)
Super elevation (%)
Deflection angle
Length of circular curve (m)
1
77113.00
100
4000
0.00
NR
3.723
259.934
2
77417.00
100
6800
0.00
NR
2.039
241.983
3
78169.00
100
5400
0.00
NR
2.521
237.610
4
78415.06
100
600
95.00
7.00
2.310
24.176
5
79006.51
100
400
115.00
7.00
28.506
199.013
6
79355.00
100
13590
0.00
NR
1.130
267.930
7
79595.00
100
9000
0.00
NR
0.956
150.179
8
79853.00
100
620
95.00
7.00
8.504
92.017
9
81933.00
100
12000
0.00
NR
1.273
266.532
10
82432.40
100
2500
0.00
NR
8.585
374.603
Observation: GROUP-G
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report Super elevation is proposed as 7% for horizontal curve with radius 620m.
Figure 3.6: Deficit curve location. HIP NO: 79/2 at Ch: 78415+057 Reasons for Concern: As it is recommended in IRC to provide 5% Super Elevation for curvature with radius more than 400m, it is suggested to adopt super elevation of 5%. As curves with radius more than 400m is a moderate curve, lower super elevation would be sufficient for vehicles to traverse without rolling over due to centrifugal force.
Recommendations: As per cl. 2.9.3 of IRC SP 84: 2014 Super elevation shall be limited to 5% as the curve radius is more than desirable minimum of 400m. Priority: Essential
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report
2.3.2.2
Vertical Alignment
The given plan & profile drawings had been reviewed in detailed in view of geometric design provisions as per IRC SP 84 2014, IRC SP 23, IRC 73. The detail parameter wise of Vertical profile are reviewed as per IRC 38 & the details are as followsTable 3: Vertical Curve Details-LHS Vertical curve details-LHS Main Carriageway K value for ISD Sl
Chaina
Gradient
Gradient
No
ge
N1 (%)
N2 (%)
Type
K Value
Length
for
Available
of
design
sight
Curve
speed
distance
100 kmph 1
77100
0.017
1.293
Sag
47.05
60
41.50
HSD
2
77600
1.293
3.300
Hog
126.29
580
135.00
SSD
3
78230
3.300
0.640
Sag
76.14
300
41.50
HSD
4
78550
0.640
3.000
Sag
105.91
250
41.50
HSD
5
79060
3.000
2.500
Hog
73.63
405
135.00
SSD
6
79355
2.500
0.030
Sag
45.46
115
41.50
HSD
7
79290
0.030
1.240
Hog
157.21
200
135.00
ISD
8
79840
1.240
1.998
Sag
49.37
160
41.50
HSD
9
80160
1.998
0.960
Hog
86.73
90
135.00
SSD
10
80280
0.960
1.000
Sag
264.97
110
41.50
HSD
11
80590
1.000
0.814
Hog
132.22
240
135.00
SSD
12
80810
0.814
1.879
Hog
136.02
145
135.00
ISD
13
80960
1.879
1.746
Sag
42.70
155
41.50
HSD
14
81280
1.746
1.314
Hog
137.25
420
135.00
ISD
15
81620
1.314
1.266
Sag
42.63
110
41.50
HSD
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report Vertical curve details-LHS Main Carriageway K value for ISD Sl
Chaina
Gradient
Gradient
No
ge
N1 (%)
N2 (%)
Type
K Value
Length
for
Available
of
design
sight
Curve
speed
distance
100 kmph 16
81720
1.266
0.740
Hog
114.16
60
135.00
SSD
17
81860
0.740
0.731
Hog
98.59
145
135.00
SSD
18
82120
0.731
1.480
Sag
47.39
105
41.50
HSD
19
82440
1.480
1.925
Hog
140.75
480
135.00
ISD
20
82780
1.925
2.446
Sag
43.46
190
41.50
HSD
21
82940
2.446
-
Hog
74.80
370
135.00
SSD
Table 4: Vertical Curve Details-RHS Vertical curve details RHS Main Carriageway K value for ISD Chainage
Gradient Gradient N1 (%)
N2 (%)
Type
K Value
Length for
Available
of
design
sight
Curve
speed
distance
100 kmph 77100
0.010
1.260
Sag
51.08
65
41.5
HSD
77600
1.260
3.330
Hog
127.10
580
135
SSD
78230
3.300
0.400
Sag
81.07
300
41.5
HSD
78700
0.400
1.393
Sag
75.52
75
41.5
HSD
79030
1.393
0.300
Hog
141.81
155
135
ISD
79260
0.300
1.887
Sag
45.53
70
41.5
HSD
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report Vertical curve details RHS Main Carriageway 79500
1.887
1.241
Hog
136.44
420
135
ISD
79840
1.241
1.988
Sag
48.00
155
41.5
HSD
80160
1.988
0.967
Hog
137.13
140
135
ISD
80690
0.967
1.892
Hog
136.41
390
135
ISD
80960
1.892
1.751
Sag
42.55
155
41.5
HSD
81280
1.751
1.287
Hog
138.26
420
135
ISD
81620
1.287
0.975
Sag
42.00
95
41.5
HSD
81860
0.975
1.092
Hog
152.39
315
135
ISD
82120
1.092
1.469
Sag
42.95
110
41.5
HSD
82440
1.469
1.925
Hog
141.12
480
135
ISD
82780
1.925
2.446
Sag
43.46
190
41.5
HSD
82940
2.446
-
Hog
74.80
370
135
SSD
Observation: In certain sections , the visibility is for a distance of stopping sight distance. The ruling longitudinal gradient is 3.3%. Whereas in one of the sections, the gradient exceeds 3.3%. Reasons for Concern: The visibility is to be for a distance of ISD whereas if it is less than that, it may not be suffiencent for vehicles coming at higher speeds to stop or slow down if there is a unexpected obstruction on the road. The ruling longitudinal gradient has to be maximum of 3.3%. Recommendations: As per cl. 2.9.6.2 of IRC SP 84, ruling gradient shall be adopted as far as possible. Although the curves are designed for minimum safe stopping sight distance, we recommend trying it for Intermediate sight distance if possible. Priority: Essential
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report
2.3.3
INTERCHANGE
Observation: Acceleration and Deceleration lanes are not provided for right turning from major road and left turning from and to major road.
Figure 3.7: Observations at Interchange Reasons for Concern: There is possibility of rear end collisions of turning vehicles from major if they decelerate for turning to minor road. Similarly side swipe or rear end collision may
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report occur with turning vehicles from minor road to major road as they accelerate from lower speed to the operating speed of major road. Recommendations: Acceleration and Deceleration lanes shall be provided as per Cl. 2.12.2.3 of IRC SP:842014. Priority: Essential
2.3.4
JUNCTIONS
2.3.4.1
JUNCTION @ Km 47+371
Observation: Acceleration and deceleration lanes are not provided for safe Left & right turning movements.
Figure 3.8: Median without storage lane at Km 47+371 GROUP-G
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report Reasons for Concern: There is a Chance of rear end collision if the deceleration lane is not provided fro right turning and left turning from the major road. Similarly side swipe or rear end collision may occur with turning vehicles from minor road to major road as they accelerate from lower speed to the operating speed of major road. Recommendations: Acceleration and Deceleration lanes shall be provided as per Cl. 2.12.2.3 of IRC SP: 842014.
Priority: Essential
2.3.4.2 JUNCTION @ Km 53+164 Observation: Acceleration and deceleration lanes are not provided for safe Left & right turning movements.
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report
Figure 3.9: Median without storage lane at Km 53+164 Reasons for Concern: There is a Chance of rear end collision if the deceleration lane is not provided fro right turning and left turning from the major road. Similarly side swipe or rear end collision may occur with turning vehicles from minor road to major road as they accelerate from lower speed to the operating speed of major road. Recommendations: Acceleration and Deceleration lanes shall be provided as per Cl. 2.12.2.3 of IRC SP: 842014.
Priority: Essential
2.3.4.3 JUNCTION @ Km 79+067 GROUP-G
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report Observation: The left turning from major road needs to be modified & shifted to the joining point of minor road and major road. Median opening at Sundargarh road is provided close to the junction.
Figure 10: Deficient Median and Traffic calming on cross road at Km 79+067
Reasons for Concern: There is a chance of vehicles on major road to move straight on minor road if they fail to notice the curve. Recommendations: To avoid confusion, the left split road should be avoided and left turning has to be provided at the joining point of major and minor road. Priority: Highly Essential
2.3.5 PROVISIONS FOR VULNERABLE ROAD USERS GROUP-G
Page 21
Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report Observation: As the design stage audit is done from Km 77.000 to Km 83.000, it is observed that there are some thick built-up locations where there are no facilities for pedestrians to cross the State Highway. Reasons for Concern: The pedestrians are crossing the existing highway from different locations of the builtup portion as there are no proper facilities for pedestrian crossing. There is a chance of pedestrians accidents while crossing the road.
Recommendations: Underpass with segregation of pedestrians & vehicles needs to be provided at Km 77.450 for the safe pedestrian and small vehicles crossing the State Highway.
Priority: Essential
2.3.6 ROAD SIGNS, MARKINGS AND LIGHTING 2.3.6.1 JUNCTION MARKING @ Km 47.371 Observation: Edge line marking is missing on main carriage way at the junction. Discontinuous lines marked around median/island of minor road. Blinker is not provided in the median of main carriage way.
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report
Blinker shall be Placed in median
Edge lines needs to be continuous
Continuity lines are missing
Figure 11: JUNCTION MARKING @ Km 47.371
Reasons for Concern: Guidance for movement along the highway lane and warning for presence of junction are not provided
Recommendations: Blinkers shall be provided in the median of main carriage way. The edge line marking shall be continuous to guide the road user. The edge line present around the island/median of cross road shall be continuous as per IRC 35: 2015 Priority: Highly Desirable
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report 2.3.6.2
JUNCTION MARKING @ Km 53+164
Observation: Edge line near median and on the boundary of channelising islands are incomplete. Chevron markings provided are not as per standard. Directional arrow markings are missing.
Chevron Markings are needed in curved shape
Figure 3.12: Deficient marking at Km 53+164
Reasons for Concern: Guidance for crossing the junction are not sufficient. Recommendations: Chevron sign shall be marked in curved shape at islands. Directional arrow markings shall be provided at appropriate locations as per IRC 35: 2015. The edge line to be marked on the carriageway near median and no the edge of channelizing island. GROUP-G
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report
Priority: Essential
2.3.6.3
JUNCTION MARKING @ Km 79+067
Observation: Edge line near median and on the boundary of channelising islands are incomplete. Chevron markings provided are not as per standard. Directional arrow markings are missing.
Figure 13: Deficient marking at Km 79+067
Reasons for Concern:
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report Appropriate road markings are required to be provided according to the IRC guidelines. Chevron markings awareness the road users of hazardous conditions. Reasons for Concern: Guidance for crossing the junction are not sufficient.
Recommendations: Chevron sign shall be marked in curved shape at islands. Directional arrow markings shall be provided at appropriate locations as per IRC 35: 2015. The edge line to be marked on the carriageway near median and no the edge of channelizing island.
Priority: Essential
2.3.6.4
JUNCTION MARKING @ Km 82.438
Observation: Appropriate road markings are required to be provided according to the IRC guidelines. Chevron markings awareness the road users of hazardous conditions. Pedestrian zebra crossing is not marked on all the approach roads. Lane/ arrow markings are also missing at the rotary.
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report
Pedestrian footpath & markings are missing
Center line markings are missing
Edge lines of medians are missing
Figure 3.14: Deficient marking at Km 82+428
Reasons for Concern: Guidance for crossing of vehicles and pedestrian at the junction are not sufficient.
Recommendations: Chevron markings, edge line markings, Pedestrian zebra crossings markings to be provided as per IRC 65: 2017 Priority: Essential
2.3.7
JUNCTION SIGNS @ KM 53+164
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report Observation: Route Marker sign board on State highway is not required. Cautionary sign boards shall be placed before informatory signboards. Wrong location of Restriction ends sign board on State Highway.
No need of additional sign boards of route marker in traffic direction
Direction of Restriction ends sign shall be in dirction of traffic
Cautionary signs shall be Placed before direction sign Figure 15: Deficient signage layout at Km 53+164
Reasons for Concern: Additional provision and wrong provision of signs would confuse the road user.
Recommendations: Essential sign boards as per IRC 67:2012 to be provided. Priority: Essential GROUP-G
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report 2.3.7.1 JUNCTION SIGNS @ Km 79+067 Observation: Stop & Give way sign boards are missing at the location where traffic moving from minor road to state highway. Cautionary sign boards are placed before informatory signboards.
Stop & give way signs are needed.
Cautionary signs needs to Be provided before informatory. Figure 16: Deficient signage layout at Km 79+067
Reasons for Concern: Absence of Stop & Give way Sign would lead to direct joining of the turning traffic from minor road without reduction in speed. Presence of junction should be cautioned to avoid any collision. Recommendations: Essential sign boards as per IRC 67:2012 to be provided.
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report Priority: Essential
2.3.7.2 JUNCTION SIGNS @ Km 82+438 Observation: Wrong location of “Rotary ahead sign board”. Few chevron signs are inappropriate.. Double chevron signs to be provided instead of triple chevron signs. The informatory sign board provided doesnst reflect the ground condition. Direction sign boards are missing in channelizing island.
Figure 17: Deficient signage layout at Km 82+438
Reasons for Concern: The road user should know well in advance that there is a rotary ahead. The chevron sign boards placed in the channelized island are not as per IRC guidelines. Double chevron sign boards to be placed instead of triple chevron as as it mislead the road GROUP-G
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report user. The informatory board provided, misleads the road user that it is a 5-legged rotary. The road user will not know to which direction he needs to travel if there is no proper directional sign board.
Recommendations: The “Rotary ahead” sign board shall be placed in advance to the rotary location. The chevron signs placed in the channelized islands shall be as per standards. Double chevron sign boards to be placed instead of triple chevron as per IRC guidelines. The informatory board shall depict the 4-legged type junction. Proper directional sign boards shall be installed in channelized island as per IRC 67-2012.
Priority: Desirable
2.3.8 ROAD SIGNAGE PLAN FROM KM 42+000 – 52+000 Observation: Object hazard marker is placed before the crash barrier of the structure on the median side. Sign boards are placed too close i.e less than 10m distance to each sign board.
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report
Figure 18: Deficient signage layout 1
Figure 19: Deficient signage layout 2
Orientation of chevron sign board in curve portion. No chevron present indicating hazard at the start portion of crash barrier of the structure.
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report
Figure 20: Deficient signage layout 3
Figure 21: Deficient signage layout 4
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report
Project facility sign board provided in only one direction of travel.
Figure 22: Deficient signage layout 5
Figure 23: Deficient signage layout 6
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report Reasons for Concern: The object hazard placed in the median before structure location has no use as there would be continuation of median kerb till parapet/crash barrier of structure. Signages are too closer and there wouldn’t be much reaction time for the road user to understand the things depicted in sign boards. Chevron orientation is very important because it directs the driver to negotiate the curve smooth and safer. The road user may not notice the structure during nights if there is no object hazard marker and there is chance of collision to structure. Recommendations: The object hazard marker placed before the structure on the median side may be removed. All the sign boards shall be placed in such a way that road user has sufficient time to understand and react. Chevrons on the curves shall be in such a way that the driver understand the curve direction. Object hazard marker shall be placed before structure/crash barrier location on the shoulder side. Priority: Essential
2.3.9 PROVISION FOR ROAD SIDE COMMUNITIES The details about type of settlements and the trip attracting activities on both sides of the road is not available. So unable to comment on the need for crossing the highway is required or not.
2.3.10 ROAD SIDE HAZARDS Large scale drawings are not provided, so unable to comment on the existence of hazards like narrow culverts, bus bays, trees or other facilities.
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report 2.4
CONCLUSION
The Design Stage audit has been conducted and the observed deficiencies with recommendation and priority have been reported. The recommendation measures need to be carried out during execution. The design consultant is requested to look into the issues pointed out and modify suitably.
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Construction Stage Road Safety Audit Report
Construction Zone Road Safety Audit Report
CONTENTS 1.
GENERAL ..................................................................................................................... 3
2.
ELEMENTS OF TRAFFIC CONTROL ZONE ......................................................... 4
3.
PROJECT BACKGROUND ........................................................................................ 5
4.
ROAD SAFETY AUDIT- CONSTRUCTION STAGE ............................................. 6 4.1 CHECKLISTS ................................................................................................................ 7
4.2 OBSERVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON SPECIFIC SAFETY ISSUES 7 4.2.1 SIGN AND MARKINGS .......................................................................................... 7 4.2.2 SAFETY BARRICADES ............................................................................................ 9 4.2.3 DIVERSION ............................................................................................................. 11 4.2.4 PEDESTRIAN SAFETY .......................................................................................... 12 4.2.5 WORKER’S SAFETY ............................................................................................... 14 4.2.6 SAFETY TO ROAD USER ...................................................................................... 15 4.2.7 UN AUTHORISED MEDIAN OPENNG ............................................................. 17 4.2.8 NIGHT VISIBILITY ................................................................................................. 18 5.
ACTION PLAN .......................................................................................................... 19
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Construction Zone Road Safety Audit Report
List of Figures Figure 1: Traffic Control Zones ........................................................................................... 4 Figure 2: Study Area .............................................................................................................. 6 Figure 3: Issues at Advance warning zone ........................................................................ 8 Figure 4: Typical Signages as per IRC ............................................................................... 8 Figure 5: Non standard safety barriers provided ........................................................... 10 Figure 6: Non homogenous barricades provided ........................................................... 10 Figure 7: Improper Delineation Signs ............................................................................. 11 Figure 8: Traffic congestion due to Lack of Signages ................................................... 12 Figure 9: Improper Crash Barrier ...................................................................................... 13 Figure 10: Lack of Pedestrian Facilities............................................................................ 13 Figure 11: Lack of PPE to workers..................................................................................... 14 Figure 12: No Safety Barriers ............................................................................................. 15 Figure 13: Heavy Machinary adjacent to carriageway .................................................. 16 Figure 14: Insuffient Buffer Zone ..................................................................................... 16 Figure 15: Unauthorised Median Opening ..................................................................... 17 Figure 16: No Retro Reflective Paintings ........................................................................ 18 Figure 17: No Retro Reflective Paintings ........................................................................ 18
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Construction Zone Road Safety Audit Report 1.
GENERAL The road construction and maintenance activities are the integral part of road
network development particularly for developing and transitional economies. The construction stage represents the stage in which the highway project is actually built in the field while the work zone presents to highway users. The road work zones are areas of conflict between normal operating traffic, construction workers, road building machineries and construction traffic. If it is a construction of new road, normal operating traffic will not be there but the care has to be taken to avoid and or remove conflicts between workers and construction machineries and construction traffic. Problem becomes more serious if it is an urban road with significant proportion of vulnerable road users. Work zone accidents are caused by several factors such as frequently changing environment that occurs during road work whereby the driver is often surprised, insufficient warning signs for normal and construction traffic, lack of audible warning to workers and, inadequate provisions of safety devices to protect workers. At most work zones, normal traffic is plying very close from construction events. Major factors to work zone accidents are insufficient attention, going over speedy for the predominant situations, and following too close. An ideal way to reduce work zone accidents is to create a working area that does not influence the normal traffic flow by segregating and shielding the site.
The decisions made during the planning, preliminary engineering, and design stages are implemented at this stage. During construction, the focus is on implementing the traffic control plan, managing the construction project, facilitating safety for motorists and workers, maintaining traffic flow through the work zone area. At the construction stage road safety audit should address three unique features of an active work zone: temporary work zone elements, continuously changing work zone conditions, and closely engaged project participating parties.
A work zone is an area of a highway where road user working conditions are changed because of construction activities. The construction and maintenance GROUP-G
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Construction Zone Road Safety Audit Report activities would involve movements of workers and construction equipment requiring devoted space for execution the activities. The presence of regular traffic and works traffic makes the work zone a potential zone of conflict resulting in interference to normal traffic and hazards. A work zone is typically distinguished by the presence of signs, barriers, channelizing devices, pavement markings.
2.
ELEMENTS OF TRAFFIC CONTROL ZONE
The Elements of Temporary Traffic control zones are as mentioned in IRC SP 55 2014 are follows1.
Advance warning zone
2.
Approach Transition zone
3.
Activity zone
4.
Terminal transition zone
5.
Work end zone
Figure 1: Traffic Control Zones
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Construction Zone Road Safety Audit Report Advance warning zone- The "Advance Warning Zone" is the area to warn the road user of the approaching hazard and to prepare them for the change in driving conditions. Also in this zone the speed of vehicle shall be reduced. The information of hazard is ahead will be given in this zone by erecting the signs such as men at work, go slow, speed limit etc.
Approach Transition zone- The transition zone is that section of highway where road users are redirected from their normal path, where the regular traffic is guided to deviate from their normal path of travel through this zone. Lateral shifting of moving vehicle from the normal pathway can be achieved by strategic use of tapers or with circular curves.
Activity zone- The activity zone is the section of the highway where the construction activity takes place. It comprises the work space, the traffic space, and the buffer space.
Terminal transition zone- In the terminal transition zone, the traffic will be redirected from the deviated path to their normal path through the transition zone, which also can be achieved through tapering or through circular curves. Work zone end- The work zone end length shall extend from the end of terminal taper length to the last traffic control device such as sign showing the end of road work. An end road work sign, a speed limit sign, or other signs may be used to inform road users that they can resume normal operations.
3.
PROJECT BACKGROUND
A site visit was made by Group ‘G’ members with our mentor (Mr. Ramesh Kumar Majhi) to conduct road safety audit for construction stage of 3 lane flyover on 15th December 2018 at 11.30 AM. This 3 lane flyover is commence from the existing GROUP-G
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Construction Zone Road Safety Audit Report munrika flyover & running parallel to the RTR flyover before descending near Niryat Bhavan. The total length of flyover is 2.30 kms. The Public Works Department of New delhi awarded this work to contractor i.e. HCC. The location map of construction site is as follows-
Figure 2: Study Area
4.
ROAD SAFETY AUDIT- CONSTRUCTION STAGE This Safety Audit Report – 2 Construction Stage is the outcome of the physical
inspection of the project corridor under construction. This report will review the safety measures adopted by Concessionaire in the proposed construction activities and it will report potential hazards due to the noncompliance of safety norms. Note that this report’s intent is to advise client about immediate measures to be undertaken to improve
work
zone
safety
for
all
road
users.
Also
note
that
the
recommendations/improvements suggested herein are based on the philosophy of averting road accidents due to erroneous judgment of the drivers and to protect the vulnerable road users and workers in the work zone from getting involved in collisions.
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Construction Zone Road Safety Audit Report In this visit, road safety audit has been carried out for some of the stretch where ever the construction activities are going on. We didn’t get data of the diversion plans and safety drawings for the construction sites before going to site visit to study well in advance. Also the construction site has only advance warning zone, approach transition zone & Activity zone only. 4.1 CHECKLISTS Checklists are useful to assist the audit team. These checklists describe the performance and situations that can affect the road safety. Checklists have been prepared for this Stage – Audit, as per IRC: SP: 88-2010. These checklists are used as a guide to focus audit towards important matters that should be covered and not overlooked. Each project is different and will raise specific issues that may contain further safety implications. When reviewing each of the points, the team considered that the road user would have to cope with conditions during night / adverse weather conditions.
4.2 OBSERVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON SPECIFIC SAFETY ISSUES
4.2.1 SIGN AND MARKINGS As the length of flyover is 2.3Km and it is present in the dense built-up section, the advance warning zone is considered as the place just before the present construction zone where the audit is carried out. Observation: Traffic signs and markings have not been observed in the Advance warning zone
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Construction Zone Road Safety Audit Report
Figure 3: Issues at Advance warning zone
Figure 4: Typical Signages as per IRC
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Construction Zone Road Safety Audit Report Reasons for Concern:
The Traffic to the construction zone is entering from Palem flyover and the slip road present beside the Palem flyover. The traffic is approaching the work site at great speeds. The road users were not warned well in advance before entering the work zone.
This pavement marking continuing into work zone needs to be obliterated.
Road markings are not provided. This is causing scattered traffic movement during night time, since the users face difficulty to identify edge of pavement and to follow a particular lane. Recommendations: Signages shall be provided as per IRC SP:55-2014.
Priority: Essential
4.2.2 SAFETY BARRICADES Observation: It was observed that at many locations throughout the project stretch work zone areas were not protected. Construction materials and debris could easily roll on to the MCW which could be highly unsafe to the vehicles traveling on the MCW. The traffic should be protected through barriers, delineation and adequate signing.
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Construction Zone Road Safety Audit Report
Figure 5: Non standard safety barriers provided
Figure 6: Non homogenous barricades provided
Reasons for Concern: As the vehicles are travelling with speeds, they may hit the workers who are working just beside the edge of the carriage way. No tresses passer should enter the work zone
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Construction Zone Road Safety Audit Report Recommendations: Safety Consultant recommends that as per the IRC SP 55 -2014 guidelines, protect the work zone along the MCW with barricades/sheeting and keep the MCW free from debris and other construction material.
Priority: Essential
4.2.3 DIVERSION Observation: Advance warning signs about the diversion at many locations are missing. The elements of Temporary Traffic Control Zone i.e. Advance warning zone, Approach transition zone, Activity zone, Terminal transition zone and Work zone end zone, are not established as per IRC SP 55
Figure 7: Improper Delineation Signs
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Construction Zone Road Safety Audit Report
Figure 8: Traffic congestion due to Lack of Signages
Reasons for Concern: Lot of Car and two wheeler traffic was observed during day on this project stretch, the substandard transition length is a potential safety hazard. Also this leads to the traffic chaos. Recommendations: The elements of Temporary Traffic Control Zone i.e. Advance warning zone, Approach transition zone, Activity zone, Terminal transition zone and Work zone end zone, are to be established as per IRC SP 55
Priority: Essential 4.2.4 PEDESTRIAN SAFETY Observation: During visit it was observed that proper pedestrian crossing facilities have not been provided to the VRUs.
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Construction Zone Road Safety Audit Report
Figure 9: Improper Crash Barrier
Figure 10: Lack of Pedestrian Facilities
Reasons for Concern: VRUs are the most affected people as there is no facilities provided to them for crossing the road or the service road.
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Construction Zone Road Safety Audit Report Recommendations: Pedestrian facilities needs to be provided as per IRC – SP 55: 2014, Clause 5.2.5
Priority: Essential
4.2.5 WORKER’S SAFETY Observation: The Concessionaire shall at all times keep and maintain an adequate supply of suitable personnel protective equipment which shall be readily available for use at all times on the sites which is not observed in the site.
Figure 11: Lack of PPE to workers
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Construction Zone Road Safety Audit Report
Figure 12: No Safety Barriers
Reasons for Concern: Due to lack of PPE and barriers there is a danger of having a hazardous incident to the workers, working in the work zone. Recommendations: Personal Protective Equipment such as helmets, masks, safety harness/belts, boots, gloves, eye and hearing protection devices are to given to the workers for safety. Priority: Essential
4.2.6 SAFETY TO ROAD USER Observation: During visit it was observed that the heavy machineries have been place along the edge of the road without any protection.
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Construction Zone Road Safety Audit Report
Figure 13: Heavy Machinery adjacent to carriageway
Figure 14: Insuffient Buffer Zone
Reasons for Concern: There is no buffer zone in the work zone and there are chances of road users colliding with the machinery since they are in the edge of the road. Recommendations: Safety Consultant recommends that as per the IRC SP 55 -2014 guidelines, protect the work zone along the MCW with barricades GROUP-G
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Construction Zone Road Safety Audit Report
Priority: Essential
4.2.7 UN AUTHORISED MEDIAN OPENNG Observation: During visit it was observed that there are un authorised median openings in the work zone.
Figure 15: Unauthorised Median Opening
Reasons for Concern: Contra flow of traffic observed due to the median openings Recommendations: Safety Consultant recommends immediate closure of un authorised median openings observed Priority: Highly Desirable GROUP-G
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Construction Zone Road Safety Audit Report 4.2.8 NIGHT VISIBILITY Observation: During visit it was observed that the retroreflective paintings for the crash barrier are faded and are hazardous at night.
Figure 16: No Retro Reflective Paintings
Figure 17: No Retro Reflective Paintings
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Construction Zone Road Safety Audit Report Reasons for Concern: High chances of collision of traffic with the crash barrier in the night. Recommendations: Periodic retro reflective painting should be done for the crash barrier
Priority: Highly Desirable
5.
ACTION PLAN
A site visit was made by Group ‘G’ to conduct Road Safety Audit during Construction Stage Safety Audit on 15th dec 2018 for the flyover project under construction near Palam flyover. The action plan devised from this audit has been given below:
Consider enforcing The elements of Temporary Traffic Control Zone i.e. Advance warning zone, Approach transition zone, Activity zone, Terminal transition zone and Work zone end zone, are not established as per IRC SP 55
Consider enforcing the workers to wear Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) while doing construction work on the project highway as well as site offices.
Consider keeping appropriate barricades with retro-reflective tapes to segregate the construction activities and zones from the main carriageway.
The recommendations from the road safety audit should be implemented to enhance the road safety situation of the project highway during the construction activity.
Consider maintaining the existing road as per the recommendations
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report (Urban Expressway & Existing Road)
Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. 2.
GENERAL .................................................................................................................. 3 INTERURBAN EXPRESSWAY (NOIDA-GREATER NOIDA ) ................................ 4
2.1 Project Description: ................................................................................................... 4 2.2 OBSERVATIONS OF EXPRESSWAY ..................................................................... 5 2.3 ROAD ALIGNMENT................................................................................................ 6 2.3.1
ACCELERATION/DECELERATION LANES ............................................. 6
2.3.2
CLEAR ZONE................................................................................................. 7
2.3.3
BUS STOP ....................................................................................................... 8
2.4 ROAD SIGNS ............................................................................................................. 9 2.5 MARKING AND LIGHTING ................................................................................ 10 2.6 ROAD SIDE HAZARDS ......................................................................................... 11 2.7 CRASH BARRIER.................................................................................................... 12 2.8 PAVEMENT SURFACE.......................................................................................... 13 2.9 PLANTATIONS ....................................................................................................... 13 2.10 DISTRACTION TO DRIVERS ............................................................................... 15 2.11 ENFORECEMNT ..................................................................................................... 16 3. EXISTING URBAN ROAD (ASHRAM CHOWK TO MODI MILL JUNCTION) .......... 18 3.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................ 18 3.2 ROAD SIGNS ........................................................................................................... 18 3.3 DIRECTION SIGN BOARDS ................................................................................. 20 3.4 ROAD MARKINGS................................................................................................. 21 3.5 PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES .................................................................................... 22 3.6 ROAD SIDE HAZARDS ......................................................................................... 25 3.7 WORK ZONE........................................................................................................... 26 3.8 PAVEMENT SURFACE.......................................................................................... 27
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report List of Figures
Figure 1: Absence of Acceleration lane Figure 2: Presence of Unauthorized Median opening Figure 3: Bus Stopping at FOB location Figure4: Non Standard Sign boards installed Figure 5: Street Lighting and Lane marking along the project stretch Figure 6: Road Side Hazards Figure 7: Crash Barriers with low heights and improper end treatment Figure 8: Bleeding observed on Expressway. Figure 9: Trees and plantation along project stretch Figure 10: Advertisement boards Figure 11: Two & Three wheelers on the project stretch Figure 12: Vehicles are not following the lane descipline Figure 13: Wrong placement of Sign board Figure 14: Median Opening sign board placed near intersection Figure 15: STOP sign board placed at intersection Figure16: Damaged Direction Sign Boards Figure 17: Faded road markings. Figure18: Pedestrians standing away from bus shelter Figure19 : Footpath height is much more. Figure 20: Discontinous footpath. Figure 21: Wrong location of median opening Figure 22: Open drain along the footpath Figure 23: Presence of Tree at the edge of the carriageway. Figure 24: Drain work in progress. Figure 25: Potholes present on the road
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report 1. GENERAL Road Safety Audit (RSA) isa formal procedure for assessing accident potential and safety performance in the provision of new road schemes and schemes for the improvement and maintenance of existing roads. However, its systematic application can also ensure that a growing awareness about good road safety principles is achieved throughout in highway planning, design, construction and maintenanceorganisation. Theessential elementsof the definition are thatit is: a) Aformal process andnot an informal check, b) Carried out by persons are independentof the design and construction. c) Carried out by personswith appropriate expertise, experience andtraining, and d) Restricted to road safety issues. The main aim of road safety audit is to ensure that all new road schemes operate as safely as practicable. This means that safety should be considered throughout the entire cycle of design, construction and pre-opening of any project facility and also during operation & maintenance of the highway. Specific aims of RSA are: a) To minimize the risk of accidents likely to occur/occurring on the project facility and to minimize their severity. b) To minimize the risk of accidents likely to occur/occurring on network. c) To recognize the importance of safety in highway design to meet the needs and perceptions of all types of road users; and to achieve a balance between needs of different road user types where they may been conflict with one another. d) To reduce long-term costs of a project facility, bearing in mind that unsafe designs maybe expensive or even impossible to correct at alter stage. e) To increase awareness about safe design practices among all those involved in the planning, design, construction and maintenance of roads.
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report Stage 6-Audit-Audit on Existing Roads and During Operation and Maintenance Safety Audit methodology is also successful on existing roads which includes both Operation and Maintenance (O&M) of existing roads. The existing roads represent the present condition of the road after completion of construction as well as any hazardous conditions that may have been created during its lifetime such as encroachments, ribbon development or deterioration of road conditions as well as traffic conditions, etc. An analysis of any accident data and inspection of the scheme every year, with a view to determine whether or not road users use the scheme appropriately.
Requirements of preliminary data The preliminary data for conducting of safety audit should include plans and drawings; site information, such as detailed accident data andtrafficvolumes data; design standards that have been used; environmental effects, which examine allocation from the perspective of the road users (motorists, drivers, pedestrians). The RSAmust involve a review of all types of traffic movements, special needs if any and environmental difficulties. We had visited urban expressway i.e. Noida to greater Noida expressway &Existing urban Road from Ashram chowk to Okhla Interchange on 15.12.2018 in day time. The observations are follows-
2. INTERURBAN EXPRESSWAY (NOIDA-GREATER NOIDA ) 2.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION: The Noida–Greater Noida Expressway is a six-lane highway connecting Noida,Uttar Pradesh, an industrial suburb of Delhi to Greater Noida, a new suburb. This expressway is under expansion to Taj Economic Zone,
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report International Airport and Aviation Hub proposed to be constructed along the Yamuna Expressway
2.2 OBSERVATIONS OF EXPRESSWAY The safety audit has been carried out and the problems identified/arise are classified in the following sections: i)
Road Alignment
ii)
Road Signs
iii)
Road markings and lighting
iv)
Road side hazard
v)
Crash barriers
vi)
Pavement Surface
vii) Plantations viii) Distractions to drivers ix)
Awareness
Each situation under these categories will be presented in the following formats: Observation
: Problem Observed
Reasons for Concern
: The safety concerns have been mentioned supported with pictures extracted from the drawings to support the gravity of issue
Recommendations
: The Audit recommends road safety engineering measures for the observed problem
Priority
GROUP - G
:To which priority this issue belongs
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report 2.3 ROAD ALIGNMENT 2.3.1
ACCELERATION/DECELERATION LANES
Observation:
Acceleration/Deceleration lanes are not provided as per IRC SP-992013, Clause 3.3.8. Rescue lane cannot act as an acceleration and deceleration lane.
Figure 3: Absence of Acceleration lane
Reasons for Concern:
The speed of the traffic is very high in Expressway. If the vehicle wishes to go the service road or any cross road that has to use acceleration/deceleration to come out of the expressway. In this process of vehicle exiting the expressway, the vehicles have to cut down its speed. There is a chance of rear end collision if this is the case as there is no acceleration/deceleration lane.
Recommendations:
As the expressway is already constructed & operational, a good option will be to have a speed restriction zone before & after the entry & exits
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report
Priority: Essential 2.3.2
CLEAR ZONE
Observation:
Clear Zone is insufficient at certain locations.
Figure 4: Presence of Unauthorized Median opening
Reasons for Concern:
There would be no safety zone for the errant vehicles. If there is clear zone then there will be a chance for the driver to get control on the vehicle again. Vehicles from service road will directly enter into expressway.
Recommendations:
Speed restriction zone should be provided. Unauthorised median opening should be closed
Priority: Highly Desirable GROUP - G
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report
2.3.3
BUS STOP
Observation:
Bus Stops are located on adjacent to the carriageway. Buses Stopping on Carriageway near FOBs.
Figure 3: Bus Stopping at FOB location
Reasons for Concern:
Sudden stopping of buses increase chances of rear end collisions. Bus Stops should not be a reason for slow down of fast moving vehicles
Recommendations:
Buses should stop at their desired locations.
Priority: Highly Desirable
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report
2.4 ROAD SIGNS Observation:
Most of Signs provided are not as per IRC Standards
Figure4: Non Standard Sign boards installed
Reasons for Concern:
The sign boards are looking different in this highway. The drivers who are new to this highway may get confused due to the new sign boards.
Recommendations:
The sign boards shall be provided as per IRC 67-2012 throughout the country. They should be identical throughout the country.
Priority: Desirable
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report
2.5 MARKING AND LIGHTING Observation:
Highway lightings are placed away from the main carriageway. Trees are causing obstruction to lighting. Road Markings are faded at most of the places on the road stretch.
Figure 5: Street Lighting and Lane marking along the project stretch
Reasons for Concern:
The desirable lighting of 40 Lux illuminations may not get with these light poles as the trees are obstructing the lighting. This in due reduces the visibility in the night.
Guidance to the flow of traffic would not be available and inturn be hazardous for the night traffic
Recommendations:
Minimum required illumination of 40 Lux shall be ensured as per IRC SP 99: 2013 , Clause 12.4.17.(iv).
Road Markings to be provided as per IRC 35: 2015
Priority: Desirable
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report
2.6 ROAD SIDE HAZARDS Observation:
Advertisement boards, Foot over Bridges & Gantry Sign boards are found adjacent to the carriageway. The pillars of the structures are also with sharp edges.
Figure 6: Road Side Hazards
Reasons for Concern:
As it is expressway with high speed traffic, the structures that are adjacent to the road could be hazardous.
There is no retro reflective painting or stickering provided which in turn proves hazardous for night travellers.
Recommendations:
The Structures or Sign posts to be relocated away from the shoulder behind the crash barrier.
Object Hazard marker/Retro reflective sheeting to be provided before the road side hazard structures for proper identification during nights
Priority: Desirable
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report 2.7 CRASH BARRIER Observation:
End treatment of MCB is not done. The height of MCB is almost at the ground level
Figure 7: Crash Barriers with low heights and improper end treatment
Reasons for Concern:
The MCB without end treatment is hazardous to the road user. Low height of MCB does not serve its purpose & chances of toppling of vehicles during a crash
Recommendations:
Erections of the MCB have to be done as per IRC -119:2015.
Priority: Desirable
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report 2.8 PAVEMENT SURFACE Observation:
Bleeding was observed at most of the locations.
Figure 8: Bleeding observed on Expressway.
Reasons for Concern:
Since the friction between the tyre and road surface will be less in this areas there is a chance of skidding of vehicles in these areas.
Recommendations:
Necessary treatment for bleeding shall be carried out as per IRC provisions.
Priority: Highly Desirable
2.9 PLANTATIONS Observation:
Trees are observed before Metal beam crash barrier.
Signage at most of the locations is not visible to the road users due to plantation.
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report
Figure 9: Trees and plantation along project stretch
Reasons for Concern:
Trees before the Metal beam crash barrier were hazardous to road users. The purpose of Metal beam crash barrier is not fulfilled.
As the basic principle of the sign board is to guide the road user in advance about the next location or features of the project it wouldn’t be fulfilled if there is a obstruction to the line of site.
Recommendations:
Trees before the Metal beam crash barrier shall be removed and planted behind the crash barrier.
Plantation shall be done as per IRC codal provisions. Trimming of the braches shall be done periodically.
Priority: Desirable
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report 2.10
DISTRACTION TO DRIVERS
Observation:
Advertisement boards are given priority than informatory boards.
Figure 10: Advertisement boards
Reasons for Concern:
There will be distraction to the drivers as the advertisment boards are given importance than the informatory sign which in turn leads to collisions.
As the basic principle of the sign board is to guide the road user in advance about the next location , this purpose would not survive in the project stretch.
Recommendations:
The advertisement boards shall be removed and priority to be given for Informatory& direction sign boards.
Priority: Highly Desirable
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report 2.11
ENFORECEMNT
Observation:
Two and three wheelers are plying on expressway. No lane discipline.
Figure 11: Two & Three wheelers on the project stretch
Figure 12: Vehicles are not following the lane discipline
Reasons for Concern:
The expressway is provided only for the LCV and Heavy vehicles, but the two wheelers and three wheelers are seen on the expressway which are dangerous and will indulge in crash.
Lane discipline is not maintained by the vehicles plying on the expressway
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report . Recommendations:
Highway patrol shall be placed and they should be monitor not to allow VRUs to ply on Expressway.
Awareness programmes shall be conducted to the drivers to follow the lane discipline.
Priority: Highly Desirable
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report
3. EXISTING URBAN ROAD (ASHRAM CHOWK TO MODI MILL JUNCTION) 3.1 GENERAL The road is NH-2 starting from Asharam Circle to Modi Mill Junction. The approximate length of the survey stretch is about 2 kms. It is within the urban limits. The lane configuration is Six lane two way divided carriageway.
3.2 ROAD SIGNS Observation:
Signs provided are not as per IRC Standards and placement of the signs is also not correct.
Sign boards are placed at the junction instead of locating it in advance.
At the signalised intersection “STOP” sign is placed.
Median opening sign board is placed before the intersection.
Figure 13: Wrong placement of Sign board
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report
Figure 14: Median Opening sign board placed near intersection
Figure 15: STOP sign board placed at intersection
Reasons for Concern: •
The misplacement of sign board gives wrong message to the road user.
•
Junction sign board shall be placed at least 50m before the Junction location Recommendations: The sign boards shall be provided as per IRC 67-2012.
Priority: GROUP - G
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report Desirable
3.3 DIRECTION SIGN BOARDS Observation:
Signage at some locations is not visible to the road users due to plantation.
Damaged sign boards have been noticed.
Figure16: Damaged Direction Sign Boards
Reasons for Concern:
As the basic principle of the sign board is to guide the road user in advance about the next location or features of the project it wouldn’t be fulfilled if there is an obstruction to the line of site or there is any damaged sign board.
Recommendations:
Plantation shall be done as per IRC codal provisions. Trimming of the braches shall be done periodically.
Damaged sign boards shall be replaced as soon as possible.
Priority: GROUP - G
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report Desirable
3.4 ROAD MARKINGS Observation:
Road Markings are faded in most of the locations on the project stretch
Figure 17: Faded road markings.
Reasons for Concern:
The pedestrian would be confused where to cross the road since the markings are faded and in night the guidance to the pedestrian will be affected which leads to accidents.
Without road marking and Studs, there will be less guidance to traffic during night.
Recommendations:
Road Markings to be provided as per IRC 35: 2015
Priority: Highly Desirable GROUP - G
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report
3.5 PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES Observation: •
Depth of the footpath is around 500 mm at some locations.
•
Median opening and pedestrian markings are not aligned
•
Discontinuous footpath
Figure18: Pedestrians standing on the MCW rather than bus shelter
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report
Figure19: Footpath height is more than 500mm.
Figure 20: Discontinuous footpath.
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report
Figure 21: Wrong location of median opening
Reasons for Concern: •
Pedestrians waiting for bus. occupying a lane of the MCW which is dangerous, since it is invites accidents.
•
Median opening at one location and pedestrian crossing marking at others location causes confusion in crossing the road
•
Pedestrians walking on the MCW Recommendations:
•
The minimum depth of the foot path should be 150 mm as per the IRC standards
•
Pedestrian crossing and median opening should be provided at same location for safe passage of pedestrians.
•
Land needs to be acquired / procured for continuous passage of pedestrians
Priority: Highly Desirable
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report 3.6 ROAD SIDE HAZARDS Observation: •
Open drains on footpath observed.
•
Trees present adjacent to the MCW.
Figure 22: Open drain along the footpath
Figure 23: Presence of Tree at the edge of the carriageway.
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report Reasons for Concern: •
Possibility of pedestrian falling into the open drain on the footpath in day as well as in night. This would lead to a fatal accident.
•
The tree is just adjacent to the MCW and has possibility of vehicles hitting the tree in Night. Recommendations:
•
Drains on the footpath should be closed.
•
Tree shall be replaced/removed or retro reflective sheeting needs to be provided for night visibility
Priority: Desirable
3.7 WORK ZONE Observation:
GROUP - G
Drain work in progress without any barriers / Warning
Exposed reinforcement
No PPE provided to the workers
Page 26
Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report Figure 24: Drain work in progress.
Reasons for Concern:
Road side hazard for inattentive pedestrians/ in poor visibility conditions
Inconvenience to the pedestrians as they could not use the footpath.
Inconvenience to the drivers as the pedestrians tend to wall on paved area which results in congestion.
Workers might be injured since they are not wearing any protective equipments
Recommendations:
Proper barricading with signs need to be provided to ensure the safety to the pedestrians passing along the foot path.
Proper protective equipments needs to be provided to the workers working in the work zone.
Priority: Desirable
3.8 PAVEMENT SURFACE Observation:
GROUP - G
Potholes were observed on the road.
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report
Figure 25: Potholes present on the road.
Reasons for Concern:
Two wheelers may not notice the pothole and may lead to lose control over bike leads to accident.
Recommendations:
Necessary treatment to the pothole shall be done. Periodic maintenance of the pavement shall be undertaken.
Priority: Desirable
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report (Okhala Interchange)
Operation & Maintenance Stage Road safety Audit (Interchange) report
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 3
2.
STUDY INTERCHANGE ............................................................................................ 3
3.
OBSERVATIONS ......................................................................................................... 5 3.1
CONFLICT AT MERGING POINT ON GRADE SEPARATOR: ...................... 5
3.2
IMPROPER LOCATION OF BUS STOP: .......................................................... 6
3.3
TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES: ........................................................................ 7
3.4
FOOTPATH ON THE GRADE SEPARATOR: ................................................. 8
3.5
VULNERABLE ROAD USERS: ........................................................................ 10
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road safety Audit (Interchange) report
List of Figures Figure 1: Study Interchange ............................................................................................................................ 3 Figure 2: Major Turning Movements on the Okhla Interchange ....................................................................... 4 Figure 3: Merging of traffic on grade separator ............................................................................................... 5 Figure 4: Bus Stop on Mathura Road ................................................................................................................ 6 Figure 5: Chevron Sign on the merging lane to Outer Ring Road ...................................................................... 7 Figure 6: Informatry Signs before the merging lane to Outer Ring Road .......................................................... 8 Figure 7: The expansion Joints on the flyover .................................................................................................. 9 Figure 8: Damaged Footpath on Mathura Road ............................................................................................. 10
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road safety Audit (Interchange) report
1. INTRODUCTION
This report results from a Road Safety Audit carried out for Certificate Course on “Road Safety Audit and Other Road Safety Related Aspects”, on the existing Outer Ring Road. This report covers the Okhla interchange near Sukhdev Vihar. This Audit report indicates each of the problems identified together with the relevant recommendations. It is noted that recommendations cannot always solve the problem identified but rather often mitigate the safety issue, reducing the probability of occurrence and/or its severity.
2. STUDY INTERCHANGE Below are two plans showing the location of the Interchange that is the subject of this Audit, in the context of the city of Delhi.
Figure 1: Study Interchange
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road safety Audit (Interchange) report
Figure 2: Major Turning Movements on the Okhla Interchange
Outer Ring Road runs through Sukhdev Vihar, Kalkaji, RK Puram towards Airport. It is a dual carriageway with 3 lanes in each direction. It is a fully access controlled facility. Mathura Road is a part of NH-2 runs through Ashram, CRRI, Badarpur. This road is also a dual carriageway with 3 lanes in each direction. It runs through the Ashram, Sukhdev Vihar area of New Delhi city. Okhla interchange is located near Sukhdev Vihar Bus Depot. The traffic coming from Mathura road merges and diverges to/from the outer ring road through this interchange. The audit team inspected the site on 15th Dec, 2018 and found out the probable safety issues for the current road users. The observations are presented in the report with the recommendations and priorities of the issues. The observations mainly done on following aspects: Safety issues on traffic movements Road Signage and Road Markings Structural issues Vulnerable Road Users GROUP-G
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road safety Audit (Interchange) report
3. OBSERVATIONS 3.1 CONFLICT AT MERGING POINT ON GRADE SEPARATOR: Observation: There is a risk for collision of left turning vehicles from Mathura Road and straight vehicles towards airport at the point of merging on the grade separator . Reason for concern: The operational speed of the left turning traffic from Mathura Road are very high and they merge with the straight traffic to airport without prority for straight traffic(even if it is a NMT). There is a high probability of accident due to this merging of this two movements
Figure 3: Merging of traffic on grade separator
Recommendation Speed calming measures are to be installed to reduce the speed of left turning vehicles before merging. Priority: Essential
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road safety Audit (Interchange) report
3.2 IMPROPER LOCATION OF BUS STOP:
Observation: Bus Stop located after the down ramp where right turning traffic from outer ring road merge with straight traffic on Mathura road.
Reason for Concern: A Bus Stop is located about 50 m after the down ramp from the outer ring road joins with Mathura road. Bus stop sign has not been provided before the stop. There is a possibility of the merging traffic colliding with the rear end of buses stopping to facilitate boarding and alighting of passengers.
Figure 4: Bus Stop on Mathura Road
Recommendation The bus stop can be shifted well ahead of the merging location with proper signage and offset from the carriageway. Priority: Highly Desirable.
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road safety Audit (Interchange) report
3.3 TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES:
Observation: Chevron markings on up ramp from Mathura road are not as per standards and are non retro reflective. Direction signs are not provided at the appropriate place. Road markings at the point of merging and diverging were absent.
Reason for concern: The chevron signs on up ramp are of smaller size and would not be noticed by many road users. It would not be visible during night time as it is not retro reflective. Direction sign board are to be located at appropriate place to guide the users to select the correct path of movement. Absence of road signs at merging and diverging would likely misguide the road users.
Figure 5: Chevron Sign on the merging lane to Outer Ring Road
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road safety Audit (Interchange) report
Figure 6: Informatry Signs before the merging lane to Outer Ring Road
Recommendation Traffic signs and road markings to be provided as per IRC guidelines.
Priority: Highly Desirable.
3.4 FOOTPATH ON THE GRADE SEPARATOR:
Observation: Large gaps observed on the footpath at expansion joint of deck slab
Reason for concern: There is a possibility of pedestrians stepping in the gap and falling down
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road safety Audit (Interchange) report
Figure 7: The expansion Joints on the flyover
Recommendation It is recommended to provide Saw-tooth expansion joint on the flyover may be safer for the moving traffic. In addition, the joints on the footpaths need to be covered properly for pedestrian safety aspects. Priority: Highly Desirable.
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road safety Audit (Interchange) report
3.5 VULNERABLE ROAD USERS: Observation: sufficient safety provisions to vulnerable road users at the location is not provided.
Reason for concern: It was found that the pedestrian facilities throughout the scheme was very poor. The Footpaths were damaged at many places. Lots of encroachments were there on the footpaths that may lead the pedestrians walking on the carriageways. In addition, Lack of pedestrian crossings and no sign of pedestrian crossings were found on the highways. Without appropriate pedestrian crossing facilities, the pedestrian may choose to cross the roads at inappropriate locations. This could increase their risk of conflict with fast moving traffic, with subsequent severe injuries to pedestrians.
Figure 8: Damaged Footpath on Mathura Road
Recommendation The footpath throughout the scheme need to be improved with proper paver blocks and it needs to be separated from moving through traffic with sufficient kerb height. It is also recommended to provide bollards or guard rails on the footpath for better safety to the pedestrians and proper opening only at the pedestrian crossing areas. GROUP-G
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road safety Audit (Interchange) report
In addition, provide appropriate pedestrian crossing facilities for pedestrians. Priority: Essential
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Submitted by,
P ANIL KUMAR AKSHAY ASHOK MURDE Dr. K GUNASEKARAN DAVULURI RAMESH KUMAR PRONJAL JOSHI BARUN HALDER AYAZ ALI KHAN
For 15 Day Road Safety Auditor Certification Course by CRRI during 10th Dec – 24th Dec 2018. MENTOR
RAMESH CHANDRA MAJHI
CSIR – CENTRAL ROAD RESEARCH INSTITUTE NEW DELHI - 110025
Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report
Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.
GENERAL ..................................................................................................................... 3
2.
DETAIL DESIGN STAGE AUDIT ............................................................................. 3 2.1
STUDY SECTION ................................................................................................. 5
2.2 SITE DRAWINGS ......................................................................................................... 6 2.3
OBSERVATIONS .................................................................................................. 7
2.3.1
CROSS SECTION .......................................................................................... 8
2.3.2
ALIGNMENT .............................................................................................. 12
2.3.3
INTERCHANGE ......................................................................................... 17
2.3.4
JUNCTIONS ................................................................................................. 18
2.3.5
PROVISIONS FOR VULNERABLE ROAD USERS ............................... 21
2.3.6
ROAD SIGNS, MARKINGS AND LIGHTING ....................................... 22
2.3.7
JUNCTION SIGNS @ Km 53+164 ............................................................. 27
2.3.8
ROAD SIGNAGE PLAN FROM Km 42+000 – 52+000 ......................... 31
2.3.9
PROVISION FOR ROAD SIDE COMMUNITIES ................................... 35
2.3.10 2.4
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ROAD SIDE HAZARDS ......................................................................... 35
CONCLUSION.................................................................................................... 36
Page 1
Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report List of Figures Figure 2.1 Steps to be followed for Design Stage Audit ................................................................. 4 Figure 2: Type-2B : Typical Cross Section for Right side Widening without Service Road in Rural Area ................................................................................................................................... 8 Figure 3: Type-3B Showing median width as 2.0m, without crash barrier in median and without pedestrian guard rail at footpath .............................................................................. 9 Figure 3.4:Type-5 : Typical Cross Section for Concentric Widening with Service road .......... 10 Figure 3.5: Type-10B : Typical Cross Section For Unidirectional Flyover Approach With Service Road ............................................................................................................................. 11 Figure 3.6: Deficit curve location. HIP NO: 79/2 at Ch: 78415+057............................................ 13 Figure 3.7: Observations at Interchange ......................................................................................... 17 Figure 3.8: Median without storage lane at Km 47+371 ........................................................... 18 Figure 3.9: Median without storage lane at Km 53+164 ............................................................... 20 Figure 10: Deficient Median and Traffic calming on cross road at Km 79+067 ........................ 21 Figure 11: JUNCTION MARKING @ Km 47.371 ........................................................................... 23 Figure 3.12: Deficient marking at Km 53+164 ................................................................................ 24 Figure 13: Deficient marking at Km 79+067 ................................................................................... 25 Figure 3.14: Deficient marking at Km 82.428 ................................................................................. 27 Figure 15: Deficient signage layout at Km 53+164 ........................................................................ 28 Figure 16: Deficient signage layout at Km 79+067 ........................................................................ 29 Figure 17: Deficient signage layout at Km 82+438 ........................................................................ 30 Figure 18: Deficient signage layout 1 .............................................................................................. 32 Figure 19: Deficient signage layout 2 .............................................................................................. 32 Figure 20: Deficient signage layout 3 .............................................................................................. 33 Figure 21: Deficient signage layout 4 .............................................................................................. 33 Figure 22: Deficient signage layout 5 .............................................................................................. 34 Figure 23: Deficient signage layout 6 .............................................................................................. 34
List of Tables Table 1: Salient Features of the Project .............................................................................................. 5 Table 2: Horizontal Curve Details ................................................................................................... 12 Table 3: Vertical Curve Details ......................................................................................................... 14
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report 1.
GENERAL
Road Safety Audit is a systematic process for checking the road safety implications of highway improvements and new road schemes. The sole objective of the process is to minimise road crashes and severity. The road safety audits are undertaken by a Audit team which must be independent to the design team. The audit team comprises of a minimum of two persons with appropriate level of training, skills and experience in road safety engineering and/or Accident Investigation. The road safety audit shall be undertaken at each of the following stages. 1. Feasibility Design 2. Preliminary Design 3. Detailed Design 4. Construction Stage 5. Pre-opening stage 6. Operation and Maintenance stage The current report is for the detailed design stage audit carried out from Km 77.000 to Km 83.000 of SH-10 of Sambalpur-Rourkela section.
2.
DETAIL DESIGN STAGE AUDIT
Detailed design road safety audit is done on completion of detailed design by design consultant and well before the commencement of work. Detailed design audit assess the design at a stage when the major conceptual and layout decisions have already been taken. This shall be undertaken as it is the last chance to make modifications to plans before construction. Steps involved in the Design stage audit have been given in Fig. 2.1
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report
Figure 2.1 Steps to be followed for Design Stage Audit The major elements required to examine at this stage are as follows. 1. Design of Geometrics 2. Cross-fall 3. Design of Junctions 4. Embankment Slops 5. Presence Clear Zone 6. Side Drains 7. Marking and Signs 8. Traffic Signals 9. Lighting 10. Interim measures
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report 2.1
STUDY SECTION A design stage practical training safety audit has been carried out at CRRI for
Road Safety Auditors Certification Course. The project to which the design stage audit carried out was “Four Laning with Paved shoulders of Sambalpur-Rourkela section of SH-10 in the State of Odisha to be executed as BOT (Toll) Project on DBFOT Pattern”.
This road has an approximate length of 162.5 km from Sambalpur (starting at rotary intersection with NH-6 at Km 4+900) to Rourkela (ending at the Vedvyas intersection with NH-23 at Km 167+400). The Existing Project Corridor has a two-lane carriageway configuration (average 7.0m wide) with paved shoulders on either side of average 1.5 m width, followed by 1m of earthen shoulder. The project Corridor is proposed for up gradation to four lane carriageway configuration with paved shoulders. There are a total of 166 intersections along the Project Corridor. Of these, 16 are major intersections with various categories of roads. There are a total of 378 Structures along the Project Corridor. Of these, 6 are major bridges, 39 are minor bridges, 2 are ROB’s, 225 are slab culverts, 98 are pipe culverts and 8 are box culverts. The following Table 1 shows the salient features of the project.
Table 1: Salient Features of the Project Sl. No.
1
2
GROUP-G
Description
Details
Carriageway
2 x 7.25m (Inclusive of Shyness)
Paved Shoulder
1.50m
Earthen Shoulder
2.0m
Median
1.50m (exclusive of Shyness)
Service Road
-
Carriageway
5.50m
Paved Shoulder
-
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report Sl. No.
Description
Details
Separator
0.5m
Footpath
1.50m on either side
3
Minor Intersections
150 Nos
4
Major Intersections
16 Nos
5
Major Bridges
6 Nos
6
Minor Bridges
39 Nos
7
Slab/Box Culverts
233 Nos
8
Pipe Culvert
98 Nos
9
ROB
2
Nos
2.2 SITE DRAWINGS The design consultant has completed the detailed design and submitted its report. The Audit is being carried for Stage 3 i.e. after completion of Detailed Design. The details not provided with drawing are as follows: 1. Traffic Volumes 2. Any Previous compliance reports 3. Any known safety issues
The drawings provided for the stage-3 Road Safety Audit are as follows. 1. Plan & Profile from Km 77+000 to Km 83+000 2. Road Sign Plan from Km 42+000 to Km 52+000 3. Typical Cross Sections - Type-1B, 2B, 3B, 6A, 10A & 11A. 4. Detailed Drawings for Major Junctions at Km 47+371, Km 53+164 & Km 82.438. 5. Detailed Drawings for Grade Separator Junction at Km 79+067. 6. Marking Drawings for Major Junctions at Km 47+371, Km 53+164, Km 82+438 & Km 79+067.
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report 7. Signage Drawings for Major Junctions at Km 47+371, Km 53.164, Km 82+438 & Km 79+067.
The Safety Audit team has not visited the site and the audit has been carried out as part of the practical training for Road Safety Auditors Certification Course. 2.3
OBSERVATIONS
The safety audit has been carried out and the problems identified are classified as follows: 1. General 2. Cross Section 3. Alignment 4. Interchange 5. Junctions 6. Provisions for VRUs 7. Road Signs, Markings and lighting as per standards 8. Provision for road side communities 9. Road Side hazard
Each situation under these categories will be presented in the following formats: Observation: Problem Observed Reasons for Concern: The safety concerns have been mentioned & supported with pictures extracted from the drawings to support the gravity of issue Recommendations: The Audit recommends road safety engineering measures for the observed problem Priority: To which priority this issue belongs
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report 2.3.1 CROSS SECTION 2.3.1.1 TYPE-2B: Cross Section Observation: Median width is proposed as 2.0m. Kerb Shyness is proposed as 0.25m. In this section , Right side has been widened & the existing road is left hand side of the proposed road. There is no service road as the section is in the rural area.
Figure 2: Type-2B: Cross Section Reasons for Concern: As per Table:2.2 of IRC SP:84-2014 the width of median in open country with isolated built-up area is 5.0m. The kerb shyness shall be 0.5m as per Cl. 2.5.1 Recommendations: The width of median shall be provided as 5.0m and the Kerb shyness shall be 0.5m as per IRC guidelines. GROUP-G
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report
Priority: Essential 2.3.1.2 TYPE-3B: Cross Section Observation: Kerb Shyness is proposed as 0.25m. Pedestrian guard rail not provided. Crash barrier not provided. Median Width provided is 2.0m without a Crash Barrier & there is no Pedestrian
Guard
Rail
along
the
footpath.
Figure 3: Type-3B Cross Section Reasons for Concern: The kerb shyness shall be 0.5m as per Cl. 2.5.1. Pedestrian guard rail need to be provided for safety of pedestrians. Crash barrier need to be provided in the median as width of median is very less and there is a chance of uncontrolled vehicle movement to other carriageway and can happen a head on collision. Recommendations:
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report Kerb shyness shall be 0.5m as per IRC guidelines. Pedestrian guard rail shall be provided at the edge of the footpath towards carriageway side. W-metal beam crash barrier shall be provided in median as per IRC guidelines. Priority: Highly Desirable 2.3.1.3
TYPE-5: Cross Section
Observation: The width of service road provided is 5.5m.
Figure 3.4:Type-5 : Cross Section Reasons for Concern: As per 2.12.2.1 of IRC SP 84: 2014 , the width of service road in open areas shall be 7.0m. If the width less than 7.0m is provided for service road bidirectional movement of traffic wouldn’t be a smooth flow.
Recommendations: The service road width shall be provided as per IRC guidelines. GROUP-G
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report Priority: Essential 2.3.1.4
TYPE-10B: Cross Section
Observation: RCC Drain provided is not a closed drain. Street lighting is not provided in approach of Grade Separator.
Figure 3.5: Type-10B : Cross Section
Reasons for Concern:
Closed drain shall be provided instead of open drain as it would lead to fall of errant vehicles and in attentive road users.
At this section sufficient lighting is not provided and it would influence the safe movements of vehicles during night time. Recommendations:
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report Closed drain shall be provided and lighting as per IRC codal recommendations shall be provided. Priority: Highly Desirable
2.3.2 ALIGNMENT 2.3.2.1
Horizontal Alignment
The given plan & profile drawings have been reviewed in detail considering the recommendations of IRC SP 84 2014, IRC 38 1988, IRC 73 & the details are as follows. Table 2: Horizontal Curve Details Horizontal curve details Design
Sl No
Chainage
speed (Kmph)
Radius of
Transition
curve
Length (m)
(m)
Super elevation (%)
Deflection angle
Length of circular curve (m)
1
77113.00
100
4000
0.00
NR
3.723
259.934
2
77417.00
100
6800
0.00
NR
2.039
241.983
3
78169.00
100
5400
0.00
NR
2.521
237.610
4
78415.06
100
600
95.00
7.00
2.310
24.176
5
79006.51
100
400
115.00
7.00
28.506
199.013
6
79355.00
100
13590
0.00
NR
1.130
267.930
7
79595.00
100
9000
0.00
NR
0.956
150.179
8
79853.00
100
620
95.00
7.00
8.504
92.017
9
81933.00
100
12000
0.00
NR
1.273
266.532
10
82432.40
100
2500
0.00
NR
8.585
374.603
Observation: GROUP-G
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report Super elevation is proposed as 7% for horizontal curve with radius 620m.
Figure 3.6: Deficit curve location. HIP NO: 79/2 at Ch: 78415+057 Reasons for Concern: As it is recommended in IRC to provide 5% Super Elevation for curvature with radius more than 400m, it is suggested to adopt super elevation of 5%. As curves with radius more than 400m is a moderate curve, lower super elevation would be sufficient for vehicles to traverse without rolling over due to centrifugal force.
Recommendations: As per cl. 2.9.3 of IRC SP 84: 2014 Super elevation shall be limited to 5% as the curve radius is more than desirable minimum of 400m. Priority: Essential
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report
2.3.2.2
Vertical Alignment
The given plan & profile drawings had been reviewed in detailed in view of geometric design provisions as per IRC SP 84 2014, IRC SP 23, IRC 73. The detail parameter wise of Vertical profile are reviewed as per IRC 38 & the details are as followsTable 3: Vertical Curve Details-LHS Vertical curve details-LHS Main Carriageway K value for ISD Sl
Chaina
Gradient
Gradient
No
ge
N1 (%)
N2 (%)
Type
K Value
Length
for
Available
of
design
sight
Curve
speed
distance
100 kmph 1
77100
0.017
1.293
Sag
47.05
60
41.50
HSD
2
77600
1.293
3.300
Hog
126.29
580
135.00
SSD
3
78230
3.300
0.640
Sag
76.14
300
41.50
HSD
4
78550
0.640
3.000
Sag
105.91
250
41.50
HSD
5
79060
3.000
2.500
Hog
73.63
405
135.00
SSD
6
79355
2.500
0.030
Sag
45.46
115
41.50
HSD
7
79290
0.030
1.240
Hog
157.21
200
135.00
ISD
8
79840
1.240
1.998
Sag
49.37
160
41.50
HSD
9
80160
1.998
0.960
Hog
86.73
90
135.00
SSD
10
80280
0.960
1.000
Sag
264.97
110
41.50
HSD
11
80590
1.000
0.814
Hog
132.22
240
135.00
SSD
12
80810
0.814
1.879
Hog
136.02
145
135.00
ISD
13
80960
1.879
1.746
Sag
42.70
155
41.50
HSD
14
81280
1.746
1.314
Hog
137.25
420
135.00
ISD
15
81620
1.314
1.266
Sag
42.63
110
41.50
HSD
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report Vertical curve details-LHS Main Carriageway K value for ISD Sl
Chaina
Gradient
Gradient
No
ge
N1 (%)
N2 (%)
Type
K Value
Length
for
Available
of
design
sight
Curve
speed
distance
100 kmph 16
81720
1.266
0.740
Hog
114.16
60
135.00
SSD
17
81860
0.740
0.731
Hog
98.59
145
135.00
SSD
18
82120
0.731
1.480
Sag
47.39
105
41.50
HSD
19
82440
1.480
1.925
Hog
140.75
480
135.00
ISD
20
82780
1.925
2.446
Sag
43.46
190
41.50
HSD
21
82940
2.446
-
Hog
74.80
370
135.00
SSD
Table 4: Vertical Curve Details-RHS Vertical curve details RHS Main Carriageway K value for ISD Chainage
Gradient Gradient N1 (%)
N2 (%)
Type
K Value
Length for
Available
of
design
sight
Curve
speed
distance
100 kmph 77100
0.010
1.260
Sag
51.08
65
41.5
HSD
77600
1.260
3.330
Hog
127.10
580
135
SSD
78230
3.300
0.400
Sag
81.07
300
41.5
HSD
78700
0.400
1.393
Sag
75.52
75
41.5
HSD
79030
1.393
0.300
Hog
141.81
155
135
ISD
79260
0.300
1.887
Sag
45.53
70
41.5
HSD
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report Vertical curve details RHS Main Carriageway 79500
1.887
1.241
Hog
136.44
420
135
ISD
79840
1.241
1.988
Sag
48.00
155
41.5
HSD
80160
1.988
0.967
Hog
137.13
140
135
ISD
80690
0.967
1.892
Hog
136.41
390
135
ISD
80960
1.892
1.751
Sag
42.55
155
41.5
HSD
81280
1.751
1.287
Hog
138.26
420
135
ISD
81620
1.287
0.975
Sag
42.00
95
41.5
HSD
81860
0.975
1.092
Hog
152.39
315
135
ISD
82120
1.092
1.469
Sag
42.95
110
41.5
HSD
82440
1.469
1.925
Hog
141.12
480
135
ISD
82780
1.925
2.446
Sag
43.46
190
41.5
HSD
82940
2.446
-
Hog
74.80
370
135
SSD
Observation: In certain sections , the visibility is for a distance of stopping sight distance. The ruling longitudinal gradient is 3.3%. Whereas in one of the sections, the gradient exceeds 3.3%. Reasons for Concern: The visibility is to be for a distance of ISD whereas if it is less than that, it may not be suffiencent for vehicles coming at higher speeds to stop or slow down if there is a unexpected obstruction on the road. The ruling longitudinal gradient has to be maximum of 3.3%. Recommendations: As per cl. 2.9.6.2 of IRC SP 84, ruling gradient shall be adopted as far as possible. Although the curves are designed for minimum safe stopping sight distance, we recommend trying it for Intermediate sight distance if possible. Priority: Essential
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report
2.3.3
INTERCHANGE
Observation: Acceleration and Deceleration lanes are not provided for right turning from major road and left turning from and to major road.
Figure 3.7: Observations at Interchange Reasons for Concern: There is possibility of rear end collisions of turning vehicles from major if they decelerate for turning to minor road. Similarly side swipe or rear end collision may
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report occur with turning vehicles from minor road to major road as they accelerate from lower speed to the operating speed of major road. Recommendations: Acceleration and Deceleration lanes shall be provided as per Cl. 2.12.2.3 of IRC SP:842014. Priority: Essential
2.3.4
JUNCTIONS
2.3.4.1
JUNCTION @ Km 47+371
Observation: Acceleration and deceleration lanes are not provided for safe Left & right turning movements.
Figure 3.8: Median without storage lane at Km 47+371 GROUP-G
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report Reasons for Concern: There is a Chance of rear end collision if the deceleration lane is not provided fro right turning and left turning from the major road. Similarly side swipe or rear end collision may occur with turning vehicles from minor road to major road as they accelerate from lower speed to the operating speed of major road. Recommendations: Acceleration and Deceleration lanes shall be provided as per Cl. 2.12.2.3 of IRC SP: 842014.
Priority: Essential
2.3.4.2 JUNCTION @ Km 53+164 Observation: Acceleration and deceleration lanes are not provided for safe Left & right turning movements.
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report
Figure 3.9: Median without storage lane at Km 53+164 Reasons for Concern: There is a Chance of rear end collision if the deceleration lane is not provided fro right turning and left turning from the major road. Similarly side swipe or rear end collision may occur with turning vehicles from minor road to major road as they accelerate from lower speed to the operating speed of major road. Recommendations: Acceleration and Deceleration lanes shall be provided as per Cl. 2.12.2.3 of IRC SP: 842014.
Priority: Essential
2.3.4.3 JUNCTION @ Km 79+067 GROUP-G
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report Observation: The left turning from major road needs to be modified & shifted to the joining point of minor road and major road. Median opening at Sundargarh road is provided close to the junction.
Figure 10: Deficient Median and Traffic calming on cross road at Km 79+067
Reasons for Concern: There is a chance of vehicles on major road to move straight on minor road if they fail to notice the curve. Recommendations: To avoid confusion, the left split road should be avoided and left turning has to be provided at the joining point of major and minor road. Priority: Highly Essential
2.3.5 PROVISIONS FOR VULNERABLE ROAD USERS GROUP-G
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report Observation: As the design stage audit is done from Km 77.000 to Km 83.000, it is observed that there are some thick built-up locations where there are no facilities for pedestrians to cross the State Highway. Reasons for Concern: The pedestrians are crossing the existing highway from different locations of the builtup portion as there are no proper facilities for pedestrian crossing. There is a chance of pedestrians accidents while crossing the road.
Recommendations: Underpass with segregation of pedestrians & vehicles needs to be provided at Km 77.450 for the safe pedestrian and small vehicles crossing the State Highway.
Priority: Essential
2.3.6 ROAD SIGNS, MARKINGS AND LIGHTING 2.3.6.1 JUNCTION MARKING @ Km 47.371 Observation: Edge line marking is missing on main carriage way at the junction. Discontinuous lines marked around median/island of minor road. Blinker is not provided in the median of main carriage way.
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report
Blinker shall be Placed in median
Edge lines needs to be continuous
Continuity lines are missing
Figure 11: JUNCTION MARKING @ Km 47.371
Reasons for Concern: Guidance for movement along the highway lane and warning for presence of junction are not provided
Recommendations: Blinkers shall be provided in the median of main carriage way. The edge line marking shall be continuous to guide the road user. The edge line present around the island/median of cross road shall be continuous as per IRC 35: 2015 Priority: Highly Desirable
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report 2.3.6.2
JUNCTION MARKING @ Km 53+164
Observation: Edge line near median and on the boundary of channelising islands are incomplete. Chevron markings provided are not as per standard. Directional arrow markings are missing.
Chevron Markings are needed in curved shape
Figure 3.12: Deficient marking at Km 53+164
Reasons for Concern: Guidance for crossing the junction are not sufficient. Recommendations: Chevron sign shall be marked in curved shape at islands. Directional arrow markings shall be provided at appropriate locations as per IRC 35: 2015. The edge line to be marked on the carriageway near median and no the edge of channelizing island. GROUP-G
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report
Priority: Essential
2.3.6.3
JUNCTION MARKING @ Km 79+067
Observation: Edge line near median and on the boundary of channelising islands are incomplete. Chevron markings provided are not as per standard. Directional arrow markings are missing.
Figure 13: Deficient marking at Km 79+067
Reasons for Concern:
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report Appropriate road markings are required to be provided according to the IRC guidelines. Chevron markings awareness the road users of hazardous conditions. Reasons for Concern: Guidance for crossing the junction are not sufficient.
Recommendations: Chevron sign shall be marked in curved shape at islands. Directional arrow markings shall be provided at appropriate locations as per IRC 35: 2015. The edge line to be marked on the carriageway near median and no the edge of channelizing island.
Priority: Essential
2.3.6.4
JUNCTION MARKING @ Km 82.438
Observation: Appropriate road markings are required to be provided according to the IRC guidelines. Chevron markings awareness the road users of hazardous conditions. Pedestrian zebra crossing is not marked on all the approach roads. Lane/ arrow markings are also missing at the rotary.
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report
Pedestrian footpath & markings are missing
Center line markings are missing
Edge lines of medians are missing
Figure 3.14: Deficient marking at Km 82+428
Reasons for Concern: Guidance for crossing of vehicles and pedestrian at the junction are not sufficient.
Recommendations: Chevron markings, edge line markings, Pedestrian zebra crossings markings to be provided as per IRC 65: 2017 Priority: Essential
2.3.7
JUNCTION SIGNS @ KM 53+164
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report Observation: Route Marker sign board on State highway is not required. Cautionary sign boards shall be placed before informatory signboards. Wrong location of Restriction ends sign board on State Highway.
No need of additional sign boards of route marker in traffic direction
Direction of Restriction ends sign shall be in dirction of traffic
Cautionary signs shall be Placed before direction sign Figure 15: Deficient signage layout at Km 53+164
Reasons for Concern: Additional provision and wrong provision of signs would confuse the road user.
Recommendations: Essential sign boards as per IRC 67:2012 to be provided. Priority: Essential GROUP-G
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report 2.3.7.1 JUNCTION SIGNS @ Km 79+067 Observation: Stop & Give way sign boards are missing at the location where traffic moving from minor road to state highway. Cautionary sign boards are placed before informatory signboards.
Stop & give way signs are needed.
Cautionary signs needs to Be provided before informatory. Figure 16: Deficient signage layout at Km 79+067
Reasons for Concern: Absence of Stop & Give way Sign would lead to direct joining of the turning traffic from minor road without reduction in speed. Presence of junction should be cautioned to avoid any collision. Recommendations: Essential sign boards as per IRC 67:2012 to be provided.
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report Priority: Essential
2.3.7.2 JUNCTION SIGNS @ Km 82+438 Observation: Wrong location of “Rotary ahead sign board”. Few chevron signs are inappropriate.. Double chevron signs to be provided instead of triple chevron signs. The informatory sign board provided doesnst reflect the ground condition. Direction sign boards are missing in channelizing island.
Figure 17: Deficient signage layout at Km 82+438
Reasons for Concern: The road user should know well in advance that there is a rotary ahead. The chevron sign boards placed in the channelized island are not as per IRC guidelines. Double chevron sign boards to be placed instead of triple chevron as as it mislead the road GROUP-G
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report user. The informatory board provided, misleads the road user that it is a 5-legged rotary. The road user will not know to which direction he needs to travel if there is no proper directional sign board.
Recommendations: The “Rotary ahead” sign board shall be placed in advance to the rotary location. The chevron signs placed in the channelized islands shall be as per standards. Double chevron sign boards to be placed instead of triple chevron as per IRC guidelines. The informatory board shall depict the 4-legged type junction. Proper directional sign boards shall be installed in channelized island as per IRC 67-2012.
Priority: Desirable
2.3.8 ROAD SIGNAGE PLAN FROM KM 42+000 – 52+000 Observation: Object hazard marker is placed before the crash barrier of the structure on the median side. Sign boards are placed too close i.e less than 10m distance to each sign board.
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report
Figure 18: Deficient signage layout 1
Figure 19: Deficient signage layout 2
Orientation of chevron sign board in curve portion. No chevron present indicating hazard at the start portion of crash barrier of the structure.
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report
Figure 20: Deficient signage layout 3
Figure 21: Deficient signage layout 4
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report
Project facility sign board provided in only one direction of travel.
Figure 22: Deficient signage layout 5
Figure 23: Deficient signage layout 6
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report Reasons for Concern: The object hazard placed in the median before structure location has no use as there would be continuation of median kerb till parapet/crash barrier of structure. Signages are too closer and there wouldn’t be much reaction time for the road user to understand the things depicted in sign boards. Chevron orientation is very important because it directs the driver to negotiate the curve smooth and safer. The road user may not notice the structure during nights if there is no object hazard marker and there is chance of collision to structure. Recommendations: The object hazard marker placed before the structure on the median side may be removed. All the sign boards shall be placed in such a way that road user has sufficient time to understand and react. Chevrons on the curves shall be in such a way that the driver understand the curve direction. Object hazard marker shall be placed before structure/crash barrier location on the shoulder side. Priority: Essential
2.3.9 PROVISION FOR ROAD SIDE COMMUNITIES The details about type of settlements and the trip attracting activities on both sides of the road is not available. So unable to comment on the need for crossing the highway is required or not.
2.3.10 ROAD SIDE HAZARDS Large scale drawings are not provided, so unable to comment on the existence of hazards like narrow culverts, bus bays, trees or other facilities.
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Design Stage Road Safety Audit Report 2.4
CONCLUSION
The Design Stage audit has been conducted and the observed deficiencies with recommendation and priority have been reported. The recommendation measures need to be carried out during execution. The design consultant is requested to look into the issues pointed out and modify suitably.
GROUP-G
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Construction Stage Road Safety Audit Report
Construction Zone Road Safety Audit Report
CONTENTS 1.
GENERAL ..................................................................................................................... 3
2.
ELEMENTS OF TRAFFIC CONTROL ZONE ......................................................... 4
3.
PROJECT BACKGROUND ........................................................................................ 5
4.
ROAD SAFETY AUDIT- CONSTRUCTION STAGE ............................................. 6 4.1 CHECKLISTS ................................................................................................................ 7
4.2 OBSERVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON SPECIFIC SAFETY ISSUES 7 4.2.1 SIGN AND MARKINGS .......................................................................................... 7 4.2.2 SAFETY BARRICADES ............................................................................................ 9 4.2.3 DIVERSION ............................................................................................................. 11 4.2.4 PEDESTRIAN SAFETY .......................................................................................... 12 4.2.5 WORKER’S SAFETY ............................................................................................... 14 4.2.6 SAFETY TO ROAD USER ...................................................................................... 15 4.2.7 UN AUTHORISED MEDIAN OPENNG ............................................................. 17 4.2.8 NIGHT VISIBILITY ................................................................................................. 18 5.
ACTION PLAN .......................................................................................................... 19
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Construction Zone Road Safety Audit Report
List of Figures Figure 1: Traffic Control Zones ........................................................................................... 4 Figure 2: Study Area .............................................................................................................. 6 Figure 3: Issues at Advance warning zone ........................................................................ 8 Figure 4: Typical Signages as per IRC ............................................................................... 8 Figure 5: Non standard safety barriers provided ........................................................... 10 Figure 6: Non homogenous barricades provided ........................................................... 10 Figure 7: Improper Delineation Signs ............................................................................. 11 Figure 8: Traffic congestion due to Lack of Signages ................................................... 12 Figure 9: Improper Crash Barrier ...................................................................................... 13 Figure 10: Lack of Pedestrian Facilities............................................................................ 13 Figure 11: Lack of PPE to workers..................................................................................... 14 Figure 12: No Safety Barriers ............................................................................................. 15 Figure 13: Heavy Machinary adjacent to carriageway .................................................. 16 Figure 14: Insuffient Buffer Zone ..................................................................................... 16 Figure 15: Unauthorised Median Opening ..................................................................... 17 Figure 16: No Retro Reflective Paintings ........................................................................ 18 Figure 17: No Retro Reflective Paintings ........................................................................ 18
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Construction Zone Road Safety Audit Report 1.
GENERAL The road construction and maintenance activities are the integral part of road
network development particularly for developing and transitional economies. The construction stage represents the stage in which the highway project is actually built in the field while the work zone presents to highway users. The road work zones are areas of conflict between normal operating traffic, construction workers, road building machineries and construction traffic. If it is a construction of new road, normal operating traffic will not be there but the care has to be taken to avoid and or remove conflicts between workers and construction machineries and construction traffic. Problem becomes more serious if it is an urban road with significant proportion of vulnerable road users. Work zone accidents are caused by several factors such as frequently changing environment that occurs during road work whereby the driver is often surprised, insufficient warning signs for normal and construction traffic, lack of audible warning to workers and, inadequate provisions of safety devices to protect workers. At most work zones, normal traffic is plying very close from construction events. Major factors to work zone accidents are insufficient attention, going over speedy for the predominant situations, and following too close. An ideal way to reduce work zone accidents is to create a working area that does not influence the normal traffic flow by segregating and shielding the site.
The decisions made during the planning, preliminary engineering, and design stages are implemented at this stage. During construction, the focus is on implementing the traffic control plan, managing the construction project, facilitating safety for motorists and workers, maintaining traffic flow through the work zone area. At the construction stage road safety audit should address three unique features of an active work zone: temporary work zone elements, continuously changing work zone conditions, and closely engaged project participating parties.
A work zone is an area of a highway where road user working conditions are changed because of construction activities. The construction and maintenance GROUP-G
Page 3
Construction Zone Road Safety Audit Report activities would involve movements of workers and construction equipment requiring devoted space for execution the activities. The presence of regular traffic and works traffic makes the work zone a potential zone of conflict resulting in interference to normal traffic and hazards. A work zone is typically distinguished by the presence of signs, barriers, channelizing devices, pavement markings.
2.
ELEMENTS OF TRAFFIC CONTROL ZONE
The Elements of Temporary Traffic control zones are as mentioned in IRC SP 55 2014 are follows1.
Advance warning zone
2.
Approach Transition zone
3.
Activity zone
4.
Terminal transition zone
5.
Work end zone
Figure 1: Traffic Control Zones
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Construction Zone Road Safety Audit Report Advance warning zone- The "Advance Warning Zone" is the area to warn the road user of the approaching hazard and to prepare them for the change in driving conditions. Also in this zone the speed of vehicle shall be reduced. The information of hazard is ahead will be given in this zone by erecting the signs such as men at work, go slow, speed limit etc.
Approach Transition zone- The transition zone is that section of highway where road users are redirected from their normal path, where the regular traffic is guided to deviate from their normal path of travel through this zone. Lateral shifting of moving vehicle from the normal pathway can be achieved by strategic use of tapers or with circular curves.
Activity zone- The activity zone is the section of the highway where the construction activity takes place. It comprises the work space, the traffic space, and the buffer space.
Terminal transition zone- In the terminal transition zone, the traffic will be redirected from the deviated path to their normal path through the transition zone, which also can be achieved through tapering or through circular curves. Work zone end- The work zone end length shall extend from the end of terminal taper length to the last traffic control device such as sign showing the end of road work. An end road work sign, a speed limit sign, or other signs may be used to inform road users that they can resume normal operations.
3.
PROJECT BACKGROUND
A site visit was made by Group ‘G’ members with our mentor (Mr. Ramesh Kumar Majhi) to conduct road safety audit for construction stage of 3 lane flyover on 15th December 2018 at 11.30 AM. This 3 lane flyover is commence from the existing GROUP-G
Page 5
Construction Zone Road Safety Audit Report munrika flyover & running parallel to the RTR flyover before descending near Niryat Bhavan. The total length of flyover is 2.30 kms. The Public Works Department of New delhi awarded this work to contractor i.e. HCC. The location map of construction site is as follows-
Figure 2: Study Area
4.
ROAD SAFETY AUDIT- CONSTRUCTION STAGE This Safety Audit Report – 2 Construction Stage is the outcome of the physical
inspection of the project corridor under construction. This report will review the safety measures adopted by Concessionaire in the proposed construction activities and it will report potential hazards due to the noncompliance of safety norms. Note that this report’s intent is to advise client about immediate measures to be undertaken to improve
work
zone
safety
for
all
road
users.
Also
note
that
the
recommendations/improvements suggested herein are based on the philosophy of averting road accidents due to erroneous judgment of the drivers and to protect the vulnerable road users and workers in the work zone from getting involved in collisions.
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Construction Zone Road Safety Audit Report In this visit, road safety audit has been carried out for some of the stretch where ever the construction activities are going on. We didn’t get data of the diversion plans and safety drawings for the construction sites before going to site visit to study well in advance. Also the construction site has only advance warning zone, approach transition zone & Activity zone only. 4.1 CHECKLISTS Checklists are useful to assist the audit team. These checklists describe the performance and situations that can affect the road safety. Checklists have been prepared for this Stage – Audit, as per IRC: SP: 88-2010. These checklists are used as a guide to focus audit towards important matters that should be covered and not overlooked. Each project is different and will raise specific issues that may contain further safety implications. When reviewing each of the points, the team considered that the road user would have to cope with conditions during night / adverse weather conditions.
4.2 OBSERVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON SPECIFIC SAFETY ISSUES
4.2.1 SIGN AND MARKINGS As the length of flyover is 2.3Km and it is present in the dense built-up section, the advance warning zone is considered as the place just before the present construction zone where the audit is carried out. Observation: Traffic signs and markings have not been observed in the Advance warning zone
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Construction Zone Road Safety Audit Report
Figure 3: Issues at Advance warning zone
Figure 4: Typical Signages as per IRC
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Construction Zone Road Safety Audit Report Reasons for Concern:
The Traffic to the construction zone is entering from Palem flyover and the slip road present beside the Palem flyover. The traffic is approaching the work site at great speeds. The road users were not warned well in advance before entering the work zone.
This pavement marking continuing into work zone needs to be obliterated.
Road markings are not provided. This is causing scattered traffic movement during night time, since the users face difficulty to identify edge of pavement and to follow a particular lane. Recommendations: Signages shall be provided as per IRC SP:55-2014.
Priority: Essential
4.2.2 SAFETY BARRICADES Observation: It was observed that at many locations throughout the project stretch work zone areas were not protected. Construction materials and debris could easily roll on to the MCW which could be highly unsafe to the vehicles traveling on the MCW. The traffic should be protected through barriers, delineation and adequate signing.
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Construction Zone Road Safety Audit Report
Figure 5: Non standard safety barriers provided
Figure 6: Non homogenous barricades provided
Reasons for Concern: As the vehicles are travelling with speeds, they may hit the workers who are working just beside the edge of the carriage way. No tresses passer should enter the work zone
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Construction Zone Road Safety Audit Report Recommendations: Safety Consultant recommends that as per the IRC SP 55 -2014 guidelines, protect the work zone along the MCW with barricades/sheeting and keep the MCW free from debris and other construction material.
Priority: Essential
4.2.3 DIVERSION Observation: Advance warning signs about the diversion at many locations are missing. The elements of Temporary Traffic Control Zone i.e. Advance warning zone, Approach transition zone, Activity zone, Terminal transition zone and Work zone end zone, are not established as per IRC SP 55
Figure 7: Improper Delineation Signs
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Construction Zone Road Safety Audit Report
Figure 8: Traffic congestion due to Lack of Signages
Reasons for Concern: Lot of Car and two wheeler traffic was observed during day on this project stretch, the substandard transition length is a potential safety hazard. Also this leads to the traffic chaos. Recommendations: The elements of Temporary Traffic Control Zone i.e. Advance warning zone, Approach transition zone, Activity zone, Terminal transition zone and Work zone end zone, are to be established as per IRC SP 55
Priority: Essential 4.2.4 PEDESTRIAN SAFETY Observation: During visit it was observed that proper pedestrian crossing facilities have not been provided to the VRUs.
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Construction Zone Road Safety Audit Report
Figure 9: Improper Crash Barrier
Figure 10: Lack of Pedestrian Facilities
Reasons for Concern: VRUs are the most affected people as there is no facilities provided to them for crossing the road or the service road.
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Construction Zone Road Safety Audit Report Recommendations: Pedestrian facilities needs to be provided as per IRC – SP 55: 2014, Clause 5.2.5
Priority: Essential
4.2.5 WORKER’S SAFETY Observation: The Concessionaire shall at all times keep and maintain an adequate supply of suitable personnel protective equipment which shall be readily available for use at all times on the sites which is not observed in the site.
Figure 11: Lack of PPE to workers
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Construction Zone Road Safety Audit Report
Figure 12: No Safety Barriers
Reasons for Concern: Due to lack of PPE and barriers there is a danger of having a hazardous incident to the workers, working in the work zone. Recommendations: Personal Protective Equipment such as helmets, masks, safety harness/belts, boots, gloves, eye and hearing protection devices are to given to the workers for safety. Priority: Essential
4.2.6 SAFETY TO ROAD USER Observation: During visit it was observed that the heavy machineries have been place along the edge of the road without any protection.
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Construction Zone Road Safety Audit Report
Figure 13: Heavy Machinery adjacent to carriageway
Figure 14: Insuffient Buffer Zone
Reasons for Concern: There is no buffer zone in the work zone and there are chances of road users colliding with the machinery since they are in the edge of the road. Recommendations: Safety Consultant recommends that as per the IRC SP 55 -2014 guidelines, protect the work zone along the MCW with barricades GROUP-G
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Construction Zone Road Safety Audit Report
Priority: Essential
4.2.7 UN AUTHORISED MEDIAN OPENNG Observation: During visit it was observed that there are un authorised median openings in the work zone.
Figure 15: Unauthorised Median Opening
Reasons for Concern: Contra flow of traffic observed due to the median openings Recommendations: Safety Consultant recommends immediate closure of un authorised median openings observed Priority: Highly Desirable GROUP-G
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Construction Zone Road Safety Audit Report 4.2.8 NIGHT VISIBILITY Observation: During visit it was observed that the retroreflective paintings for the crash barrier are faded and are hazardous at night.
Figure 16: No Retro Reflective Paintings
Figure 17: No Retro Reflective Paintings
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Construction Zone Road Safety Audit Report Reasons for Concern: High chances of collision of traffic with the crash barrier in the night. Recommendations: Periodic retro reflective painting should be done for the crash barrier
Priority: Highly Desirable
5.
ACTION PLAN
A site visit was made by Group ‘G’ to conduct Road Safety Audit during Construction Stage Safety Audit on 15th dec 2018 for the flyover project under construction near Palam flyover. The action plan devised from this audit has been given below:
Consider enforcing The elements of Temporary Traffic Control Zone i.e. Advance warning zone, Approach transition zone, Activity zone, Terminal transition zone and Work zone end zone, are not established as per IRC SP 55
Consider enforcing the workers to wear Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) while doing construction work on the project highway as well as site offices.
Consider keeping appropriate barricades with retro-reflective tapes to segregate the construction activities and zones from the main carriageway.
The recommendations from the road safety audit should be implemented to enhance the road safety situation of the project highway during the construction activity.
Consider maintaining the existing road as per the recommendations
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report (Urban Expressway & Existing Road)
Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. 2.
GENERAL .................................................................................................................. 3 INTERURBAN EXPRESSWAY (NOIDA-GREATER NOIDA ) ................................ 4
2.1 Project Description: ................................................................................................... 4 2.2 OBSERVATIONS OF EXPRESSWAY ..................................................................... 5 2.3 ROAD ALIGNMENT................................................................................................ 6 2.3.1
ACCELERATION/DECELERATION LANES ............................................. 6
2.3.2
CLEAR ZONE................................................................................................. 7
2.3.3
BUS STOP ....................................................................................................... 8
2.4 ROAD SIGNS ............................................................................................................. 9 2.5 MARKING AND LIGHTING ................................................................................ 10 2.6 ROAD SIDE HAZARDS ......................................................................................... 11 2.7 CRASH BARRIER.................................................................................................... 12 2.8 PAVEMENT SURFACE.......................................................................................... 13 2.9 PLANTATIONS ....................................................................................................... 13 2.10 DISTRACTION TO DRIVERS ............................................................................... 15 2.11 ENFORECEMNT ..................................................................................................... 16 3. EXISTING URBAN ROAD (ASHRAM CHOWK TO MODI MILL JUNCTION) .......... 18 3.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................ 18 3.2 ROAD SIGNS ........................................................................................................... 18 3.3 DIRECTION SIGN BOARDS ................................................................................. 20 3.4 ROAD MARKINGS................................................................................................. 21 3.5 PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES .................................................................................... 22 3.6 ROAD SIDE HAZARDS ......................................................................................... 25 3.7 WORK ZONE........................................................................................................... 26 3.8 PAVEMENT SURFACE.......................................................................................... 27
GROUP - G
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report List of Figures
Figure 1: Absence of Acceleration lane Figure 2: Presence of Unauthorized Median opening Figure 3: Bus Stopping at FOB location Figure4: Non Standard Sign boards installed Figure 5: Street Lighting and Lane marking along the project stretch Figure 6: Road Side Hazards Figure 7: Crash Barriers with low heights and improper end treatment Figure 8: Bleeding observed on Expressway. Figure 9: Trees and plantation along project stretch Figure 10: Advertisement boards Figure 11: Two & Three wheelers on the project stretch Figure 12: Vehicles are not following the lane descipline Figure 13: Wrong placement of Sign board Figure 14: Median Opening sign board placed near intersection Figure 15: STOP sign board placed at intersection Figure16: Damaged Direction Sign Boards Figure 17: Faded road markings. Figure18: Pedestrians standing away from bus shelter Figure19 : Footpath height is much more. Figure 20: Discontinous footpath. Figure 21: Wrong location of median opening Figure 22: Open drain along the footpath Figure 23: Presence of Tree at the edge of the carriageway. Figure 24: Drain work in progress. Figure 25: Potholes present on the road
GROUP - G
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report 1. GENERAL Road Safety Audit (RSA) isa formal procedure for assessing accident potential and safety performance in the provision of new road schemes and schemes for the improvement and maintenance of existing roads. However, its systematic application can also ensure that a growing awareness about good road safety principles is achieved throughout in highway planning, design, construction and maintenanceorganisation. Theessential elementsof the definition are thatit is: a) Aformal process andnot an informal check, b) Carried out by persons are independentof the design and construction. c) Carried out by personswith appropriate expertise, experience andtraining, and d) Restricted to road safety issues. The main aim of road safety audit is to ensure that all new road schemes operate as safely as practicable. This means that safety should be considered throughout the entire cycle of design, construction and pre-opening of any project facility and also during operation & maintenance of the highway. Specific aims of RSA are: a) To minimize the risk of accidents likely to occur/occurring on the project facility and to minimize their severity. b) To minimize the risk of accidents likely to occur/occurring on network. c) To recognize the importance of safety in highway design to meet the needs and perceptions of all types of road users; and to achieve a balance between needs of different road user types where they may been conflict with one another. d) To reduce long-term costs of a project facility, bearing in mind that unsafe designs maybe expensive or even impossible to correct at alter stage. e) To increase awareness about safe design practices among all those involved in the planning, design, construction and maintenance of roads.
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report Stage 6-Audit-Audit on Existing Roads and During Operation and Maintenance Safety Audit methodology is also successful on existing roads which includes both Operation and Maintenance (O&M) of existing roads. The existing roads represent the present condition of the road after completion of construction as well as any hazardous conditions that may have been created during its lifetime such as encroachments, ribbon development or deterioration of road conditions as well as traffic conditions, etc. An analysis of any accident data and inspection of the scheme every year, with a view to determine whether or not road users use the scheme appropriately.
Requirements of preliminary data The preliminary data for conducting of safety audit should include plans and drawings; site information, such as detailed accident data andtrafficvolumes data; design standards that have been used; environmental effects, which examine allocation from the perspective of the road users (motorists, drivers, pedestrians). The RSAmust involve a review of all types of traffic movements, special needs if any and environmental difficulties. We had visited urban expressway i.e. Noida to greater Noida expressway &Existing urban Road from Ashram chowk to Okhla Interchange on 15.12.2018 in day time. The observations are follows-
2. INTERURBAN EXPRESSWAY (NOIDA-GREATER NOIDA ) 2.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION: The Noida–Greater Noida Expressway is a six-lane highway connecting Noida,Uttar Pradesh, an industrial suburb of Delhi to Greater Noida, a new suburb. This expressway is under expansion to Taj Economic Zone,
GROUP - G
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report International Airport and Aviation Hub proposed to be constructed along the Yamuna Expressway
2.2 OBSERVATIONS OF EXPRESSWAY The safety audit has been carried out and the problems identified/arise are classified in the following sections: i)
Road Alignment
ii)
Road Signs
iii)
Road markings and lighting
iv)
Road side hazard
v)
Crash barriers
vi)
Pavement Surface
vii) Plantations viii) Distractions to drivers ix)
Awareness
Each situation under these categories will be presented in the following formats: Observation
: Problem Observed
Reasons for Concern
: The safety concerns have been mentioned supported with pictures extracted from the drawings to support the gravity of issue
Recommendations
: The Audit recommends road safety engineering measures for the observed problem
Priority
GROUP - G
:To which priority this issue belongs
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report 2.3 ROAD ALIGNMENT 2.3.1
ACCELERATION/DECELERATION LANES
Observation:
Acceleration/Deceleration lanes are not provided as per IRC SP-992013, Clause 3.3.8. Rescue lane cannot act as an acceleration and deceleration lane.
Figure 3: Absence of Acceleration lane
Reasons for Concern:
The speed of the traffic is very high in Expressway. If the vehicle wishes to go the service road or any cross road that has to use acceleration/deceleration to come out of the expressway. In this process of vehicle exiting the expressway, the vehicles have to cut down its speed. There is a chance of rear end collision if this is the case as there is no acceleration/deceleration lane.
Recommendations:
As the expressway is already constructed & operational, a good option will be to have a speed restriction zone before & after the entry & exits
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report
Priority: Essential 2.3.2
CLEAR ZONE
Observation:
Clear Zone is insufficient at certain locations.
Figure 4: Presence of Unauthorized Median opening
Reasons for Concern:
There would be no safety zone for the errant vehicles. If there is clear zone then there will be a chance for the driver to get control on the vehicle again. Vehicles from service road will directly enter into expressway.
Recommendations:
Speed restriction zone should be provided. Unauthorised median opening should be closed
Priority: Highly Desirable GROUP - G
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report
2.3.3
BUS STOP
Observation:
Bus Stops are located on adjacent to the carriageway. Buses Stopping on Carriageway near FOBs.
Figure 3: Bus Stopping at FOB location
Reasons for Concern:
Sudden stopping of buses increase chances of rear end collisions. Bus Stops should not be a reason for slow down of fast moving vehicles
Recommendations:
Buses should stop at their desired locations.
Priority: Highly Desirable
GROUP - G
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report
2.4 ROAD SIGNS Observation:
Most of Signs provided are not as per IRC Standards
Figure4: Non Standard Sign boards installed
Reasons for Concern:
The sign boards are looking different in this highway. The drivers who are new to this highway may get confused due to the new sign boards.
Recommendations:
The sign boards shall be provided as per IRC 67-2012 throughout the country. They should be identical throughout the country.
Priority: Desirable
GROUP - G
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report
2.5 MARKING AND LIGHTING Observation:
Highway lightings are placed away from the main carriageway. Trees are causing obstruction to lighting. Road Markings are faded at most of the places on the road stretch.
Figure 5: Street Lighting and Lane marking along the project stretch
Reasons for Concern:
The desirable lighting of 40 Lux illuminations may not get with these light poles as the trees are obstructing the lighting. This in due reduces the visibility in the night.
Guidance to the flow of traffic would not be available and inturn be hazardous for the night traffic
Recommendations:
Minimum required illumination of 40 Lux shall be ensured as per IRC SP 99: 2013 , Clause 12.4.17.(iv).
Road Markings to be provided as per IRC 35: 2015
Priority: Desirable
GROUP - G
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report
2.6 ROAD SIDE HAZARDS Observation:
Advertisement boards, Foot over Bridges & Gantry Sign boards are found adjacent to the carriageway. The pillars of the structures are also with sharp edges.
Figure 6: Road Side Hazards
Reasons for Concern:
As it is expressway with high speed traffic, the structures that are adjacent to the road could be hazardous.
There is no retro reflective painting or stickering provided which in turn proves hazardous for night travellers.
Recommendations:
The Structures or Sign posts to be relocated away from the shoulder behind the crash barrier.
Object Hazard marker/Retro reflective sheeting to be provided before the road side hazard structures for proper identification during nights
Priority: Desirable
GROUP - G
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report 2.7 CRASH BARRIER Observation:
End treatment of MCB is not done. The height of MCB is almost at the ground level
Figure 7: Crash Barriers with low heights and improper end treatment
Reasons for Concern:
The MCB without end treatment is hazardous to the road user. Low height of MCB does not serve its purpose & chances of toppling of vehicles during a crash
Recommendations:
Erections of the MCB have to be done as per IRC -119:2015.
Priority: Desirable
GROUP - G
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report 2.8 PAVEMENT SURFACE Observation:
Bleeding was observed at most of the locations.
Figure 8: Bleeding observed on Expressway.
Reasons for Concern:
Since the friction between the tyre and road surface will be less in this areas there is a chance of skidding of vehicles in these areas.
Recommendations:
Necessary treatment for bleeding shall be carried out as per IRC provisions.
Priority: Highly Desirable
2.9 PLANTATIONS Observation:
Trees are observed before Metal beam crash barrier.
Signage at most of the locations is not visible to the road users due to plantation.
GROUP - G
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report
Figure 9: Trees and plantation along project stretch
Reasons for Concern:
Trees before the Metal beam crash barrier were hazardous to road users. The purpose of Metal beam crash barrier is not fulfilled.
As the basic principle of the sign board is to guide the road user in advance about the next location or features of the project it wouldn’t be fulfilled if there is a obstruction to the line of site.
Recommendations:
Trees before the Metal beam crash barrier shall be removed and planted behind the crash barrier.
Plantation shall be done as per IRC codal provisions. Trimming of the braches shall be done periodically.
Priority: Desirable
GROUP - G
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report 2.10
DISTRACTION TO DRIVERS
Observation:
Advertisement boards are given priority than informatory boards.
Figure 10: Advertisement boards
Reasons for Concern:
There will be distraction to the drivers as the advertisment boards are given importance than the informatory sign which in turn leads to collisions.
As the basic principle of the sign board is to guide the road user in advance about the next location , this purpose would not survive in the project stretch.
Recommendations:
The advertisement boards shall be removed and priority to be given for Informatory& direction sign boards.
Priority: Highly Desirable
GROUP - G
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report 2.11
ENFORECEMNT
Observation:
Two and three wheelers are plying on expressway. No lane discipline.
Figure 11: Two & Three wheelers on the project stretch
Figure 12: Vehicles are not following the lane discipline
Reasons for Concern:
The expressway is provided only for the LCV and Heavy vehicles, but the two wheelers and three wheelers are seen on the expressway which are dangerous and will indulge in crash.
Lane discipline is not maintained by the vehicles plying on the expressway
GROUP - G
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report . Recommendations:
Highway patrol shall be placed and they should be monitor not to allow VRUs to ply on Expressway.
Awareness programmes shall be conducted to the drivers to follow the lane discipline.
Priority: Highly Desirable
GROUP - G
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report
3. EXISTING URBAN ROAD (ASHRAM CHOWK TO MODI MILL JUNCTION) 3.1 GENERAL The road is NH-2 starting from Asharam Circle to Modi Mill Junction. The approximate length of the survey stretch is about 2 kms. It is within the urban limits. The lane configuration is Six lane two way divided carriageway.
3.2 ROAD SIGNS Observation:
Signs provided are not as per IRC Standards and placement of the signs is also not correct.
Sign boards are placed at the junction instead of locating it in advance.
At the signalised intersection “STOP” sign is placed.
Median opening sign board is placed before the intersection.
Figure 13: Wrong placement of Sign board
GROUP - G
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report
Figure 14: Median Opening sign board placed near intersection
Figure 15: STOP sign board placed at intersection
Reasons for Concern: •
The misplacement of sign board gives wrong message to the road user.
•
Junction sign board shall be placed at least 50m before the Junction location Recommendations: The sign boards shall be provided as per IRC 67-2012.
Priority: GROUP - G
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report Desirable
3.3 DIRECTION SIGN BOARDS Observation:
Signage at some locations is not visible to the road users due to plantation.
Damaged sign boards have been noticed.
Figure16: Damaged Direction Sign Boards
Reasons for Concern:
As the basic principle of the sign board is to guide the road user in advance about the next location or features of the project it wouldn’t be fulfilled if there is an obstruction to the line of site or there is any damaged sign board.
Recommendations:
Plantation shall be done as per IRC codal provisions. Trimming of the braches shall be done periodically.
Damaged sign boards shall be replaced as soon as possible.
Priority: GROUP - G
Page 20
Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report Desirable
3.4 ROAD MARKINGS Observation:
Road Markings are faded in most of the locations on the project stretch
Figure 17: Faded road markings.
Reasons for Concern:
The pedestrian would be confused where to cross the road since the markings are faded and in night the guidance to the pedestrian will be affected which leads to accidents.
Without road marking and Studs, there will be less guidance to traffic during night.
Recommendations:
Road Markings to be provided as per IRC 35: 2015
Priority: Highly Desirable GROUP - G
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report
3.5 PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES Observation: •
Depth of the footpath is around 500 mm at some locations.
•
Median opening and pedestrian markings are not aligned
•
Discontinuous footpath
Figure18: Pedestrians standing on the MCW rather than bus shelter
GROUP - G
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report
Figure19: Footpath height is more than 500mm.
Figure 20: Discontinuous footpath.
GROUP - G
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report
Figure 21: Wrong location of median opening
Reasons for Concern: •
Pedestrians waiting for bus. occupying a lane of the MCW which is dangerous, since it is invites accidents.
•
Median opening at one location and pedestrian crossing marking at others location causes confusion in crossing the road
•
Pedestrians walking on the MCW Recommendations:
•
The minimum depth of the foot path should be 150 mm as per the IRC standards
•
Pedestrian crossing and median opening should be provided at same location for safe passage of pedestrians.
•
Land needs to be acquired / procured for continuous passage of pedestrians
Priority: Highly Desirable
GROUP - G
Page 24
Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report 3.6 ROAD SIDE HAZARDS Observation: •
Open drains on footpath observed.
•
Trees present adjacent to the MCW.
Figure 22: Open drain along the footpath
Figure 23: Presence of Tree at the edge of the carriageway.
GROUP - G
Page 25
Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report Reasons for Concern: •
Possibility of pedestrian falling into the open drain on the footpath in day as well as in night. This would lead to a fatal accident.
•
The tree is just adjacent to the MCW and has possibility of vehicles hitting the tree in Night. Recommendations:
•
Drains on the footpath should be closed.
•
Tree shall be replaced/removed or retro reflective sheeting needs to be provided for night visibility
Priority: Desirable
3.7 WORK ZONE Observation:
GROUP - G
Drain work in progress without any barriers / Warning
Exposed reinforcement
No PPE provided to the workers
Page 26
Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report Figure 24: Drain work in progress.
Reasons for Concern:
Road side hazard for inattentive pedestrians/ in poor visibility conditions
Inconvenience to the pedestrians as they could not use the footpath.
Inconvenience to the drivers as the pedestrians tend to wall on paved area which results in congestion.
Workers might be injured since they are not wearing any protective equipments
Recommendations:
Proper barricading with signs need to be provided to ensure the safety to the pedestrians passing along the foot path.
Proper protective equipments needs to be provided to the workers working in the work zone.
Priority: Desirable
3.8 PAVEMENT SURFACE Observation:
GROUP - G
Potholes were observed on the road.
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report
Figure 25: Potholes present on the road.
Reasons for Concern:
Two wheelers may not notice the pothole and may lead to lose control over bike leads to accident.
Recommendations:
Necessary treatment to the pothole shall be done. Periodic maintenance of the pavement shall be undertaken.
Priority: Desirable
GROUP - G
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road Safety Audit Report (Okhala Interchange)
Operation & Maintenance Stage Road safety Audit (Interchange) report
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 3
2.
STUDY INTERCHANGE ............................................................................................ 3
3.
OBSERVATIONS ......................................................................................................... 5 3.1
CONFLICT AT MERGING POINT ON GRADE SEPARATOR: ...................... 5
3.2
IMPROPER LOCATION OF BUS STOP: .......................................................... 6
3.3
TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES: ........................................................................ 7
3.4
FOOTPATH ON THE GRADE SEPARATOR: ................................................. 8
3.5
VULNERABLE ROAD USERS: ........................................................................ 10
GROUP-G
Page 1
Operation & Maintenance Stage Road safety Audit (Interchange) report
List of Figures Figure 1: Study Interchange ............................................................................................................................ 3 Figure 2: Major Turning Movements on the Okhla Interchange ....................................................................... 4 Figure 3: Merging of traffic on grade separator ............................................................................................... 5 Figure 4: Bus Stop on Mathura Road ................................................................................................................ 6 Figure 5: Chevron Sign on the merging lane to Outer Ring Road ...................................................................... 7 Figure 6: Informatry Signs before the merging lane to Outer Ring Road .......................................................... 8 Figure 7: The expansion Joints on the flyover .................................................................................................. 9 Figure 8: Damaged Footpath on Mathura Road ............................................................................................. 10
GROUP-G
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road safety Audit (Interchange) report
1. INTRODUCTION
This report results from a Road Safety Audit carried out for Certificate Course on “Road Safety Audit and Other Road Safety Related Aspects”, on the existing Outer Ring Road. This report covers the Okhla interchange near Sukhdev Vihar. This Audit report indicates each of the problems identified together with the relevant recommendations. It is noted that recommendations cannot always solve the problem identified but rather often mitigate the safety issue, reducing the probability of occurrence and/or its severity.
2. STUDY INTERCHANGE Below are two plans showing the location of the Interchange that is the subject of this Audit, in the context of the city of Delhi.
Figure 1: Study Interchange
GROUP-G
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road safety Audit (Interchange) report
Figure 2: Major Turning Movements on the Okhla Interchange
Outer Ring Road runs through Sukhdev Vihar, Kalkaji, RK Puram towards Airport. It is a dual carriageway with 3 lanes in each direction. It is a fully access controlled facility. Mathura Road is a part of NH-2 runs through Ashram, CRRI, Badarpur. This road is also a dual carriageway with 3 lanes in each direction. It runs through the Ashram, Sukhdev Vihar area of New Delhi city. Okhla interchange is located near Sukhdev Vihar Bus Depot. The traffic coming from Mathura road merges and diverges to/from the outer ring road through this interchange. The audit team inspected the site on 15th Dec, 2018 and found out the probable safety issues for the current road users. The observations are presented in the report with the recommendations and priorities of the issues. The observations mainly done on following aspects: Safety issues on traffic movements Road Signage and Road Markings Structural issues Vulnerable Road Users GROUP-G
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road safety Audit (Interchange) report
3. OBSERVATIONS 3.1 CONFLICT AT MERGING POINT ON GRADE SEPARATOR: Observation: There is a risk for collision of left turning vehicles from Mathura Road and straight vehicles towards airport at the point of merging on the grade separator . Reason for concern: The operational speed of the left turning traffic from Mathura Road are very high and they merge with the straight traffic to airport without prority for straight traffic(even if it is a NMT). There is a high probability of accident due to this merging of this two movements
Figure 3: Merging of traffic on grade separator
Recommendation Speed calming measures are to be installed to reduce the speed of left turning vehicles before merging. Priority: Essential
GROUP-G
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road safety Audit (Interchange) report
3.2 IMPROPER LOCATION OF BUS STOP:
Observation: Bus Stop located after the down ramp where right turning traffic from outer ring road merge with straight traffic on Mathura road.
Reason for Concern: A Bus Stop is located about 50 m after the down ramp from the outer ring road joins with Mathura road. Bus stop sign has not been provided before the stop. There is a possibility of the merging traffic colliding with the rear end of buses stopping to facilitate boarding and alighting of passengers.
Figure 4: Bus Stop on Mathura Road
Recommendation The bus stop can be shifted well ahead of the merging location with proper signage and offset from the carriageway. Priority: Highly Desirable.
GROUP-G
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road safety Audit (Interchange) report
3.3 TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES:
Observation: Chevron markings on up ramp from Mathura road are not as per standards and are non retro reflective. Direction signs are not provided at the appropriate place. Road markings at the point of merging and diverging were absent.
Reason for concern: The chevron signs on up ramp are of smaller size and would not be noticed by many road users. It would not be visible during night time as it is not retro reflective. Direction sign board are to be located at appropriate place to guide the users to select the correct path of movement. Absence of road signs at merging and diverging would likely misguide the road users.
Figure 5: Chevron Sign on the merging lane to Outer Ring Road
GROUP-G
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road safety Audit (Interchange) report
Figure 6: Informatry Signs before the merging lane to Outer Ring Road
Recommendation Traffic signs and road markings to be provided as per IRC guidelines.
Priority: Highly Desirable.
3.4 FOOTPATH ON THE GRADE SEPARATOR:
Observation: Large gaps observed on the footpath at expansion joint of deck slab
Reason for concern: There is a possibility of pedestrians stepping in the gap and falling down
GROUP-G
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road safety Audit (Interchange) report
Figure 7: The expansion Joints on the flyover
Recommendation It is recommended to provide Saw-tooth expansion joint on the flyover may be safer for the moving traffic. In addition, the joints on the footpaths need to be covered properly for pedestrian safety aspects. Priority: Highly Desirable.
GROUP-G
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road safety Audit (Interchange) report
3.5 VULNERABLE ROAD USERS: Observation: sufficient safety provisions to vulnerable road users at the location is not provided.
Reason for concern: It was found that the pedestrian facilities throughout the scheme was very poor. The Footpaths were damaged at many places. Lots of encroachments were there on the footpaths that may lead the pedestrians walking on the carriageways. In addition, Lack of pedestrian crossings and no sign of pedestrian crossings were found on the highways. Without appropriate pedestrian crossing facilities, the pedestrian may choose to cross the roads at inappropriate locations. This could increase their risk of conflict with fast moving traffic, with subsequent severe injuries to pedestrians.
Figure 8: Damaged Footpath on Mathura Road
Recommendation The footpath throughout the scheme need to be improved with proper paver blocks and it needs to be separated from moving through traffic with sufficient kerb height. It is also recommended to provide bollards or guard rails on the footpath for better safety to the pedestrians and proper opening only at the pedestrian crossing areas. GROUP-G
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Operation & Maintenance Stage Road safety Audit (Interchange) report
In addition, provide appropriate pedestrian crossing facilities for pedestrians. Priority: Essential
GROUP-G
Page 11
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