Solar Energy - Top View

Anurag D. Chivilkar Btech. (Agril. Engg.), MMS

• • • • •

Points to be Discussed

Current potential and Installed capacity New Technologies in Solar Energy Why to invest in Solar Energy? Government Activities Benefits and Problems related to Solar Energy • Major Projects • Field Visits

Current Scenario • India is endowed with vast solar energy potential • About 5,000 trillion kWh per year energy is incident over India’s land area with most parts receiving 4-7 kWh per sq. m per day

Current Scenario • India just had 2.12 MW of grid connected solar energy generation capacity till 2007 • The amount of solar energy produced in India is merely 0.5% compared to other energy resources • The government has envisaged a capacity addition of around 1000 MW by 2012. • The Thar Desert in India is also a promising location for a solar energy.

Current Scenario • But at current pace of 20 percent annual growth India could emerge as the fourth largest market for solar energy after Germany, Japan and China in the coming years.

Why to Invest in Solar Energy?

• Durability and Longevity

1) On Average Solar Panel last for 30 years or more 2) Solar Panels are designed to withstand harsh climates 3) Solar Panels can convert solar to electrical energy even on a cloudy day(although not at the same capacity)

• Unlimited Power While everyone is crying about increasing gas prices and energy cost you can have unlimited power supply.

Why to Invest in Solar Energy? • Installation is easy and you can expand over time • Payback can be quick – Solar Panels pay for themselves • Help the environment with solar energy. • Solar Panels doesn’t have to expensive • Tax Incentives (For example, in Australia, if you spend $16,000 on a solar set up, they will rebate you up to $8000 back. This doesn't include other rebates you can get either)

• According to the report, Global Trends in Sustainable Energy Investment 2009

Million $

Why to Invest In Solar Energy?

Limitations of Solar Energy

• Cost of producing solar energy is high (The cost of production ranges from Rs 15 to Rs 30 per unit compared to around Rs 2 to Rs 6 per unit for thermal energy)

• Efficiency of conversion of solar energy to useful energy is low (The energy collected by 1 m square of a solar collector in a day is approximately equal to that released by burning 1 kg of coal or 1/2 litres of kerosene)

• Banks are highly hesitant to finance new projects and developers are waiting for better returns in a climate of decreasing module prices.

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Limitation of Solar Energy Oversupply, coupled with the global financial crisis, is hitting the solar industry hard(Fall in demand and rapid expansion of the more than 400 module manufacturers worldwide, is putting module prices under pressure)

Government Activities  Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) •

To create an enabling policy framework for the deployment of 20,000 MW of solar power by 2022 S. Application Target for Target for Target for No.

segment

Phase I (201013)

Phase 2 (2013-17)

Phase 3 (2017-22)

Solar collectors

7 million sq meters

15 million sq meters

20 million sq meters

2.

Off grid solar applications

200 MW

1000 MW

2000 MW

3.

Utility grid power, including roof top

1,000-2000 MW

4000-10,000 MW

20000 MW

1.

Government Activities  Solar Lantern Programme 2009-2010 • •

It is proposed to take up deployment of 30,000 solar lanterns under 2006-07 SPV Programme. The Ministry will provide a subsidy of Rs.2,400/per solar lantern to the eligible beneficiaries in the un-electrified villages, hamlets of the (i) Special Category States and the (ii) UT islands.

 Solar Photovoltaic Programme 2009-2010 • •

To promote the use of SPV systems for lighting and various other applications in the country. To save diesel for power generation in institutions and other commercial organizations

Government Activities Highlights of Budget 2010 1.Custom duty has also been pegged a at a low 5% on equipment for Solar Photovoltaic and Solar Thermal Power. 2.These equipment will also be exempt from central excise duties. 3.Excise will also be reduced from 8% to 4% on Led Lights. 4.An Unique solar powered rickshaw developed by CSIR will attract a mere 4% excise duty and its components will be exempted from Customs duty. 5.Solar Powered and Electric Cars to be Cheaper

Solar Powered Cars

Carbon Credits • Carbon Offsets can be used to compensate for the emissions produced by funding an equivalent carbon dioxide saving somewhere else. • 1 kw of solar power with an average of 5.5 hours of sunlight per day will produce 1 carbon credit per year. • 1 carbon credit is equal to 1 ton of carbon dioxide offset • So far 30 million carbon credits are generated by India, in coming years 140 millions are expected, with 650 energy efficiency projects

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Future Solar Projects Location :Madhopur, Bhuj, Gujarat

• Capacity :- 5 GW • Cost of the Project

:- 475 million$

• The current largest solar array in the world produces 900 megawatts of power, so this 5 gigawatts plan gives you an idea of its scope • Still in Planning Phase

Future Solar Projects Tower • Enviro Mission Solar • Location :-

Burronga Station, Riverland area of New South Wales, Australia

• Chimney Height :- 1000 metre • Capacity :- 200 MW • Cost of Project :- 1 billion Aus $ • Cost of Electricity :-7 eurocents/kWh

• Will provide electricity for 2,00,000 households

Solar Nanotechnology

• Conventional Solar Cells have only 10 percent Efficiency and have high manufacturing costs • Use of Solar Nanotechnology will considerably lower the manufacturing cost • Chemists at the University of California, Berkeley, have discovered a way to make cheap plastic solar cells that could be painted on almost any surface • Konarka Technologies are already manufacturing a product called, “Power Plastic” which absorbs both sunlight and indoor light and converts it into electricity, which has efficiency around 8%.

Installed Projects in India Shirdi solar system

 which is • The  built with a cost of 133 lakh rupees generates 3500 kg of steam – enough to cook for 20,000 people • The whole system is installed in less than 10 months and it saves Shirdi temple 20 lakh rupees per year (in terms of the money spent on 1 lakh kg of LPG which they spend now) • 40 solar parabolic concentrators move in the direction of sun and raise the temperature of water which will then produce the steam.

Installed Projects in India

• The Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanam, Tirupati (AP) • The solar system can cook 30,000 meals per day and 15,000 meals at a time • The system curbs fuel consumption by nearly 50 per cent thereby saving Rs 17 lakh per year for the Devasthanam • The system is comprised of 106 rooftop-mounted parabolic concentrators

A Solar Housing Complex at

Characteristics • Solar Water Heater – 130 LPD • 2.0 kW roof top solar PV with grid connectivity • Solar PV operated garden lights • A Swimming Pool heated with solar collector • Hydro-pneumatic water supply system with 40% less energy consumption.

Solar Energy Applications • • • • • • • • •

Solar Solar Solar Solar Solar Solar Solar Solar Solar

water heating air heating crop and timber drying water distillation cooking passive and active heating of buildings refrigeration and air conditioning power generation electricity generation by solar cell etc.

Aries Industries

: Italy

operations in :- 21 countries Trading in :- 150

Variety of Products: Specifications - Solar box cookers

Technical Types of collector Evacuated tube collector Thickness of coating 320-350 nm Thermal expansion

-Solar caps ,-Solar educational kits Glass - Solar home lighting systems - Solar panels,- Advantages Solar parabolic cookersThickness of glass Characteristics tube - Solar street light,- Solar water heater Product Advantages: Insulation Superior heat retension Tube length Reflector

Reflectivity

Optimised length Superior absorption ability Optimum reflection

3.2 * 10-6 c 3.3 borosilicate glass 1.6 mm

Tube length

1800 mm

No of tubes

12 for 100 lpd & 24 for 200 lpd

Insulation

Vacuum jacket

Capacity

100/200 lpd

Outer body

High grade engineering plastic UV resistant

Mounting stand

Structural steel with pure polyster coating

Yashika Solar Products

• Solar Camping Lantern (Charging Time: 18hrs, Lighting Time: 15 Hrs) • Solar Pond Floating Ball • Solar Lawn Lights (Operating Time: 10 hrs) • Solar Street Lights (Operating Time: 12 hrs) • Solar Desk Light cum Torch(Charging Time: 10hrs, Lighting: 8 Hrs) • Solar Mobile Charger/Radio • Solar Key Chain • Solar Road Stud • Solar Cap • Solar Travelling Bag • Solar Home Lights • Solar Water Heater

B.Tech. First Class graduate from Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai of 1978 batch with 1 year course in software technology Mr. Ashok D. Paranjape Director and Founder of Clique Consultants

conducted by NCST in 1982 and a short term course in piping from IIT, CAD center in 1992. Professional experience since 1978 on the design of various industrial and infrastructural projects.

Features of Project ARUN

• Can save 70 ltrs of diesel every day running 2 two-ton boilers • That’s around 23,000 ltrs per year • Uses photo sensor & co-ordinates calculation computer to track sun • Payback in first year of installation • Runs clean with negligible maintenance costs which majorly involves just cleaning of parabola 3-4 times a month Project ARUN of Clique Consultants Pvt. Ltd

Projects of Clique Consultancy

• Project Arun – 50 lakhs

(govt.

subsidised 12 lakhs)

• Installations – ITC, Delhi – 2 dish – M & M, Chakan – 2 dish – Heavy Water Board, Kota – 4 dish. – Chitale dairy – 2 dish – Project with IIT for 5 MW, currently in design stage

Financing model used • ESCO model • Firm A sets up solar system in Firm B but does not sell it to them. • Owning rights are still with Firm A and they will handle any maintenance cost incurred • Firm B will only pay Firm A on daily basis according to the measure of usage done – Usage measured in no. of hrs or amount of steam generated etc. • Although practical on paper has not gained popularity in India due to Corruption & lack of trust among businesses.