Solid St Tesla-lakhovsky Coil: Ate Lakhovsky Multi Frequency Oscillator (mwo) Modern Version

Solid State Tesla-Lakhovsky Coil Lakhovsky Multi frequency Oscillator (MWO) Modern Version

Introduction

- In 1898 Nikola Tesla wrote in the American scientific journal "The Electrical Engineer", a fundamental article on electrotherapy, which represents the cornerstone in the medical application of currents and radiofrequency fields. Tesla thus laid the theoretical and practical bases for the creation of electromedical equipment, although it left to the choice of the doctors the most appropriate application technique according to the clinical picture of each patient1. This contribution adds to the great discoveries that have given humanity an unlimited wealth of knowledge and applications (alternating current, wireless transmission, radio, television, mobile phones, remote control, etc.). The late recognition of the indisputable paternity of wireless signal transmission and the refusal to grant him the Nobel Prize are just a few elements that illuminate the figure of the man who visualized electromagnetism permeating every existing form or substance, operating therapeutic effects on living cells, whose functions are essentially regulated by membrane potentials and by the conductivity and permissiveness characteristics of cells in tissues, which in turn regulate and direct vital biochemical exchanges. To all this we add the theories as relevant in our time as electrogravity (electrodynamics of 1

Nikola Tesla - HIGH FREQUENCY OSCILLATORS FOR ELECTRO-THERAPEUTICS AND OTHER PURPOSES The Electrical Engineer Vol XXVI 17 November 1898 - n° 550

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transverse and terrestrial longitudinal waves) and alternative theories of relativity, including the option of exceeding the speed of light. It is already unforgivable to continue ignoring the details relating to the theories of Nikola Tesla and evading his legacy. - In the 1930s, the Russian physician George Lakhovsky, as a result of his studies on the effects of electromagnetic fields on the induction of tumors in plants, created a device, called M.W.O. (Multiple Wave Oscillator), which became the best application (in that historical and technological period) of the brilliant ideas of Tesla. The remarkable therapeutic results in oncology obtained by Lakhovsky in the historical Salpetriere and other hospitals of Paris, opened a new chapter: magnetoterapia, still effective, although reduced and partial in the medical field. In those years, the father's views of modern "electricity" were integrated and harmonized in the full sense of his term, and the brilliant biologist who fully understands the immensity of meaning in its multiple applications. Doctors, who questioned Tesla's article several times, agreed with Lakhovsky thirty years later. In our day there are many practical applications in the medical field related to the theories of Tesla and Lakhovsky, their names are often omitted and almost forgotten, the reason for this is explained by William Jones, the great British mathematician of the eighteenth century: "Each doctrine goes through three phases: 1. It is attacked and declared as absurd. 2. Then, it is admitted that it is true and evident, but irrelevant. 3. In the end it is recognized its importance and its detractors claim the honor of the discovery. "

The most important modern applications that cover different areas of therapeutic intervention, and are classified by type into:

- Magneto and transcranial electrotherapy to treat nervous diseases (Parkinson, etc.). - Capacitive hyperthermia for large and deep solid tumors - Electrothermal ablation of small solid tumors (*) - Electrochemotherapy (electroporation combined with pharmacology to treat cancer) (*) - Induced microcurrents that stimulate the immune system (Some techniques indicated with an asterisk are moderately invasive.)

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The experiments, applications and studies related to each of the described techniques have been published by the most qualified universities and clinical centers around the world, so we will not bring any reference, leaving the reader the possibility of free search. This important field of study has aroused my passion and has required the practical realization of these devices, for several years I reconstructed, as faithfully as possible, the original MWO of Lakhovsky2 and since then I have always wondered if I had achieved Lakhovsky or even the same Tesla having this current technology. The replication of the MWO works perfectly, but the essential reason for this concern derives from the difficulties for its widespread use, whether public or domestic, due to:

1) The availability of components (ignition system, coils, high voltage capacitors ..) 2) Air ionization, in particular by the ignition system, with the formation of ozone and nitrogen oxides are not acceptable in closed environments. 3) The possibility, although remote, that high voltage and current present in the primary winding (NTS 6000-9000V) can be transferred to the secondary and from there to a person in the vicinity (patient or operator) with very unpleasant consequences. 4) The significant presence of RF interference (EMI) The solution to these problems remained latent and confined in my mind until the moment when a reader of my article published on the net, exposed to me his personal experience that I reproduce in telegraphic form:

"- invasive carcinoma of the left breast of my wife with involvement of the proximal lymph nodes.The size of the mass is 6 x 2.5 cm. - Categorical rejection of the patient to mastectomy and axillary surgery and the post-treatment program with chemo and radiotherapy. Unable to stand idle by waiting for events, she decides to initiate electrotherapy at home, taking advantage of the availability of a solid-state Tesla coil (SSTC) used until then for pure theoretical and experimental interest of the phenomenon. - The unit produces a violent series of corona discharges, creates a high intensity electric field, reheats surface tissues and has a limited useful life. The power electronics stages after less than an hour of application cause a severe heating of the secondary coil with deformation of the support. - Despite these difficulties, the treatment continues for about one month, observing a reduction in the tumor mass evaluable to the touch of approximately 20%. " 2

SCHEMA ELETTRICO ORIGINALE : OSCILLATORE AD ONDE MULTIPLE LAKHOVSKY ( M.W.O. Centro Lakhovsky di Rimini) - www.grix.it/viewer.php?page=9323&bakto=/showpages.php?navipage=19

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Operative scheme used by my reader at the start of treatment

The reader was also looking for advice and, from that moment on, a close collaboration begins with really surprising and encouraging results that lead me to improve the reliability of the SSTC and help me to redesign the BTLS. In the same phone call I suggested to the reader what he considered most appropriate for his condition at that time: 1) Continue and complete electrotherapy in a medical center qualified in Italy (hyperthermia for solid tumors w / Prof. Pontiggia - Pavia) 2) Visit a site specializing in E.M field therapies and discuss this unique and interesting experience with Mr. M. Montanari as a person with great experience in this specific field3. My reader and his wife decided to proceed immediately with 9 applications of hyperthermia of 1 hour each session and after about 4 months, they perform all the analytical and instrumental controls that, at the time, showed a perfect general condition in all analyzed parameters. A scarring of the nodule with calcifications and subsequent reduction of the mass evaluated objectively to 90% and without presence of metastases elsewhere and re-normalization of previously enlarged lymph nodes. 3

www.Fieldsforlife.org

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These extraordinary results inspired me even more to find a solution to the original MWO. Building an original MWO, presents many problems given the great difficulty of finding the necessary components (high voltage capacitors, spark generator, antennas), while making a solid state device is much simpler and less expensive. The presence of high voltages at the frequency of the mains can be very dangerous for the operator and / or the patient, the ignition generator and the current peaks produce a lot of radio interference, which can not be adequately protected and restrict Particularly in the domestic sphere. The original multiple wave oscillator is a jewel of electromechanical engineering of the past, but its structural limitations have led me to experience an implementation using electronic (solid state) - The construction of a solid-state Tesla coil (SSTC) is very simple, both for the availability of the various components and for their assembly and calibration. - An SSTC does not pose any danger to the user, since even extremely high voltages (> 100 kV) discharge into the air have very low current values (approximately 1-2 mA) and can be limited electronically. The primary coil is galvanically isolated from the secondary coil, while the original MWO is equipped with a type of coil Oudin in which the secondary is a physical extension of the primary. This difference implies a minimum risk of contact in the SSTCL. The standard configurations of traditional solid-state coils are unsuitable for therapeutic use, due to overheating in direct contact with tissues, as happened to my reader in his early experiences. This is the basic and fundamental problem to be solved. Corona discharges are emitted whenever the secondary terminal is a metal tip, if the terminal is instead a sphere or a toroid occurs only if the radius of the last / o is less than the relationship between the secondary voltage and the rupture stress in the air.

Example:

- Maximum power to the secondary terminal =

100 kV

- Voltage B. D. in dry air =

30 kV / cm

- Minimum radius of the sphere or toroid =

100/30 = 3:33 cm

Thus, using a device that ensures a voltage of 100 kV and providing it with a toroidal metal terminal with a radius (Rt)> 3:33 cm will not have any apparent, dangerous effluvium (ozone, UV radiation, etc.) nor will it be a source of heat , Therefore much of the energy will be emitted as electric field strength (E = V / m). 5

The outer (Re) radius of the toroid has no influence on the voltage gain of the Tesla coil, but only on the electrical capacity applied to the terminal HV, which in turn determines the resonance frequency of the secondary coil:

If the ratio of the diameter of the toroid (dT) to the outside diameter of the toroid (De) is more than 0.25, the capacity shall be:

If instead of this ratio is less than 0.25 the capacity will be:

If a toroid with Dt = 7 cm is used. Of 20 cm. A relation Dt / De = 0.35 to which the formula (1) is applied to calculate the electrical capacity:

C = 0:37*20: 0.23*7 = 9.1 pF

The secondary coil has an inductance and a distributed capacitance that is added to the one that has now been calculated for the toroid, the system resonates at a frequency that must re-enter, with an adequate safety margin, in the calibration range of the driver. The main cause of frequent interruptions to the power levels of the generator used by my reader resided only in a poor sizing of the secondary coil that has been halved to fit the toroid inserted in the working area of the driver , Verifying the resonance at ¼ of the wave at 90% 6

of the adjustment range. The two coils obtained in this way were placed almost in opposition reproducing the original Lakhovsky configuration.

In order to prevent overheating of the components and in particular the secondary coil, it was decided to operate the apparatus in a pulsating mode, with a duty cycle of 20% and a signal frequency of approximately 600 Hz. (20% of the time = active signal at 230 kHz, 80% of the time = no signal). This solution has also been adopted to investigate the "oscillatory shock" cited by Lakhovsky and to optimize the therapeutic effects, summarized below by M. Montanon and other researchers in numerous bibliographies:

"In a biological tissue, even small, generalized alterations in membrane potential can lead to significant changes in the modulation of cellular functions. Pulsed electric and magnetic fields, devoid of persistent thermal effects, can only improve cellular function, demonstrating a prophylactic and / or therapeutic action "4

Therefore, it can be concluded that the therapeutic effects depend greatly on electromagnetic shock repeated at regular intervals, according to the cellular physiological responses and much less frequency and energy field. With these changes virtually all the construction and operational criticality of the original Lakhovsky MWO have been solved and an experimental work equipment is realized, with similar 4

M. Montanari – Effetti oggettivi dei campi magnetici pulsanti – ( www.Fieldsforlife.org )

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performance (also a lower energy consumption). This equipment was tested by my reader, achieving a rapid healing of a deep wound (removal of a wart on a finger) in only 3 RF exposures of 30 minutes each. Against a treatment of about 20 days provided by doctors, with traditional periodic medication.

Another therapeutic application in progress was a case of degenerated axillary hidradenitis, present for more than 20 years in a very old person (the mother of my reader who is 104 years old). After about 200 minutes of therapy, with a maximum of 15 minutes each application, disappeared from the vesicles, before always bloody, and began to notice a beginning of the reconstruction of tissues.

At this point I decided to proceed to the realization of a final project, and for that, I have undertaken an extensive research on the web about the different configurations of the SSTC thinking about the implementation of a circuit that I have named SSTLC. To be carried out only with commercial components, cheap, easy and available. Before entering into the technical realization of the device, I must explain the motivation and the knowledge that have pushed my reader and his wife to this therapeutic trial which, at first glance, may seem adventurous and risky, but if analyzed without prejudice, it seems rational and anchored in scientific bases and with practical sense. # E.M field has positive effects on cancer cells and has no negative effect on healthy ones, operating with frequencies below 1 MHz.

- Scientifically Proven

# Thermal effect (hyperthermia) is not the only decisive factor. The positive effect is essentially - a strong acceleration of the healing process (fast destruction of the weak membranes of cancer cells)

Positive experiments of the TTF5 in world

# The same field strength of a capacitive hyperthermia can be obtained by removing the electrode and varying proportionally its voltage. Therefore, thermal effects are eliminated while the effects remain purely E. M.

E = V / d f (є, σ)

# Positive action on the immune system of low frequency E. M. stimulation.

- Demonstrated scientifically

# Negative action of any type and dose of chemo on healthy cells and immune system6 and poor effects on tumor cells - it

Scientifically proven and evident in the facts

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E.D. Kirson, Z. Gurvich, R. Schneidermann, E. Dekel, Aviran Itzhaki, Y. Wassermann, R. Schatzberger, Y. Palti Distruption of cancer cell replicant by Alternating Electric Field Cancer Research 64, 3288-3295, May 1 2004

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looks little perfused and oxygenated # Negative action of any kind - radiation dose

Scientifically proven and evident in the results

# Extremely invasive surgery with significant psychological consequences, especially in the absence of any definitive cure guarantee.

Very common psychological effect. Lack of guarantees

In light of the results obtained so far in the case of the lady, this view of the problem "healing of the solid tumor" is certainly objective and valid in the long term. If these results, as we hope, are confirmed in the near future, with other control checks, there is great prospect of developing a form of prevention, prophylaxis and therapy that could be done at home with a simple and inexpensive equipment, which can be Build without great knowledge of electronics, with good safety guarantees to comply with a lower exposure to a megahertz of fabrics at low power and in a limited time of application. Evidence suggests that hyperthermia applications represent the earliest possible primary and preliminary action once solid cancer is identified; These applications have a very high probability of complete success for the patient who has not received chemo and / or radiotherapy treatments and thus with a perfectly functional immune system and normal tissues. One premise I must make is that my reader and his wife have been vegetarians (not absolute) for years and this opens a window to any alternative medical recovery of the immune system, such as Gerson's protocol. Medical integration therapies accepted by the medical establishment to strengthen the immune system may also be used. The rapidity and radical nature of the effects of hyperthermia are absolutely irreplaceable. However, the applications of hyperthermia should be carried out in specialized medical centers that have acquired considerable experience in the field and have the appropriate medical equipment.

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J. Walleczek - Electromagnetic field effects on cells of the immune system: the role of calcium signaling. Research Medicine and Radiation Biophysics Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California 94720.

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S.S.T&L.C.

Electrical scheme of S.S.T.L.C used in experimental prototype

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Circuit description Filter E.M.I. The inclusion of this filter is necessary to avoid the appearance of radio frequency disturbances in the network lines, in the market there are different types already wired, the only care is to oversize it to avoid unnecessary heating of it. Ammeter (charging current) It may seem superfluous to monitor the current drawn from the controller, this is actually the simplest way to check the resonance centering, which corresponds to the maximum current detected; An AC 5A FS analog ammeter is sufficient. In resonance the load current only presents the fundamental frequency of the square wave applied to the Tesla coil and it is perfectly in phase with the voltage. Impedance seen by the driver is absolutely the lowest and corresponds to the resistive component of the system (Taking into account the superficial effect ?). For frequencies lower than those of the resonance, Tesla coil has a capacitive component that obligatorily displaces the charge current in advance. Conversely when the resonant frequency is exceeded, the inductive component is predominant and the current flows with delay with respect to the applied (free wheel) voltage. Keeping the piloting frequency centered on resonance greatly reduces the work of protecting the Mosfets stages as it operates in a software switching mode. Equal deviation of the resonance frequency, the higher the "Q" quality index of the coil the greater the rotation of the current phase applied to the voltage, on the other hand, a large "Q" allows a considerable potential In the secondary.

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Feed section The power section includes two phases, one consisting of the traditional "transformer - diode bridge - stabilizer" to derive the required 12 VDC for electronics control, the other stage is power. The 12 V DC power supply has absorption current due to "gate drivers" of just over 1A that handled the classic 7812 voltage regulator within the functional limits of its characteristics, being able to detect a "ripple" to 100 Hz and in operation "pulsed mode" reached 0.75 volts, that's why I used a stabilizer a little more powerful ie an L200.

The external variac provides an adjustable voltage from 0 to 220 VAC, the same current limited by an NTC (prevents damage at the end of the ignition phase of the driver) and 4 resistors of 150 ohm (detachable), is rectified by a bridge For 6A diodes and provides power to power MOSFETs, the alternative is to use a delayed supply feed relay final. This configuration is known as "full-wave rectifier bridge" and electrolytic filter capacitors are not necessary, since the pulsating power at 100 Hz supplied in its absence reaches 300 W and is more than sufficient; The two capacitors of 470nF 400V serve to generate a virtual (dynamic) RF background, which is connected to one of the primary contacts of the Tesla coil.

R. F. pulse 100Hz in antenna (full wave mode, coil + 1 pin) Control Electronics The heart of the circuit consists of IC HEF 4046, a "phase lock loop" is used to generate an adjustable base frequency by the 10k potentiometer (pin 9) centered on the resonance of the "coil + antenna" system. The overvoltage of the Tesla discharge detected by the pin 14 is slightly out of the system layout and improves the definition of the arc, ie the "splits" of the frequency antenna such that for a fraction of second Tesla coil is not yet in resonance, achieving faster cycles of discharge closure. The antenna should not be too close to the coils, otherwise there will be a deviation from the resonance frequency and the 12 arcs will not work well. The NE555 is used to generate a 12

variable frequency signal (450Hz-21kHz) and a duty cycle (2-98%) that allows to inhibit the HEF 4046 in a "pulsed mode", thus producing a current of lower and different intensity and morphology (frequency, noise, shape).

The particular configuration of the SSTLC circuit improves the torsional components of the electromagnetic fields (Tesla Coil) and can be seen clearly in the air discharges, in the helical behavior of the individual branches of the effluvium.

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Frequency Range del NE555 (Hz)

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NE555 Frequency range (Hz) The simplest commercial alternative to step NE555 is to use a "phase angle controller" which is one of a circuit similar to a light dimmer studied by reactive loads, which must be applied above the bridge of the power MOSFET diodes. The output signal (pins 3-4) are sent to the IC UCC37321 and UCC37322, which in the "pushpull" configuration pass the power MOSFET through an RF transformer (inductive decoupling). The RF transformer is made by wrapping in a circular ferrite core (30 mm outside diameter, height 12 mm) 11 primary turns (160H) and two 18-turn windings for the secondary (detected); All windings are braided to increase the inductive coupling, the turns ratio can be slightly changed according to the core and the winding used, ideally to detect the square wave of secondary amplitude +/- 13_15V (26-30 Vpp). The capacity present in the fields of pins 6-7 of the HEF4046 changes the basic frequency of the oscillation, namely the "frequency range" of the conduction circuit, the fine adjustment is obtained by turning the potentiometer of 10k multiturn connected through of a 120k resistance to pin 9 the same HEF 4046.

CAPACITY OF PINS 6-7 - HEF 4046 330 pF 330+560 pF Minimum Frequency (kHz) Maximum Frequency (kHz)

347 487

158 231

330+1000 Pf 108 161

Any implementation of the circuit should be subject to revision, since only a functional verification can assess the reliability of the project, should be seen in a perspective of continuous improvement as the evolution of an idea. Constantly checking for improvements also leads to prototypes in the type of attached image.

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It is clear that the mains voltage comes directly to the Mosfets, on the one hand without passing through a transformer of galvanic decoupling, on the other, it avoids the use of a bulky and expensive component, and the other connects the tongue to the network Of 220V, that must be manipulated with extreme caution to avoid a sudden discharge. The apparent complexity of the circuit diagram is actually compensated by the reduction of the size of the components, all the circuitry may be contained within a box no larger than a PC power supply, reducing the overall dimensions, weights and the problems of MWO transport S.S.T.L.C. !

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Protection Circuit One of the insurmountable limits of the components in the solid state seems to be excessive voltage / current values applied, with inevitable component damage. Limiting the electric field of a Tesla coil is difficult, so at the very least, it is essential to shield all metal containers and put the protection elements (NTC, VDR, Zener and ultra fast diodes) to ensure long-lasting electronics. A bad sizing of the circuit is definitely detrimental, especially in the final stage of power, in the literature there is a detailed explanation of the main causes of failure that are shown in the list: 17

-Extension of voltage -Excess temperature - Extended overload current - Transient overload current (> Imax MOSFET, dead time> = 5%) -Shoot-through (cross-drive, idle = 0) - Failure of freewheel of current travel (lack of diodes in antiparallel MOSFET) - Slow reverse recovery of MOSFET body diode (serial insertion diodes with MOSFETs) - Gate control (door control current / voltage limit). -Insufficient gate control (ignition incomplete) -Slow switching transitions - Spurious oscillations (reduced by a low impedance of door control) - "Miller" Effect (reduced by a low impedance of door control) -Interference radiated with the regulator (bypassing the logic of the power stage) -Interference conducted with the regulator (see ground loop and ferrite transformer) - Damage due to static electricity (in the handling of MOSFETs in assembly) -VSWR high (reflected power, see chapter "Antenna")

• Mass loop Upon talking about Tesla coil is absolutely needed avoid ground loops, which would produce enough to damage the electronics of eddy currents. The secret is to be connected in a single point: 1) the mass of the card (use of insulating supports) 2) the mass of Tesla secondary coil (cold terminal) 3) the mass of the metal container "Cold" terminal of the Tesla coil MUST be connected to earth (with a low inductance and resistance), not necessarily the one of the network, and in order to avoid damages in the device, therefore it is recommended to use a plate buried, failing to use a cold water pipe or concrete reinforcement of some pillars. It is obvious that an active Tesla coil does not comply with EMI regulations on radio interference, and any nearby electronic equipment can suffer from faults or failures due to large electromagnetic fields!

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• Lakhovsky coils Anyone wishing to buy for a small price Tesla coils already made can resort to the magazine New Electronics that offer the coils with signature L.1292 composed of 1500 enameled copper coils of 0.28mm rolled in 120 mms of 50 cm PVC pipe (45 cm). The coils in my possession, have 19

a resonance at a quarter wavelength that reaches around 190 kHz with brass tip, 129 kHz with the replica of the M.W.O. Original Lakhovsky, 130 kHz leaving only the outer ring of 50 cm and 131.6 to 132.2 kHz replacing the ring with a metal strap of 16 x 0.5mm. The response was measured as described in the file "RESONANCE INSTRUMENTAL ADJUSTMENT" "Lakhovsky-MWO". Actually, the size of the airborne discharges slightly changes the resonance of the coil + antenna system, so it is normal to find resonance of 200 kHz with the tip for low powers, and 190 kHz for the discharges of 20 cm. The primary winding has been made by tightly wrapping 5 turns of insulated copper wire 2.5mm around the secondary, obtaining a coil resistance of approximately 0.07  and 6 H of detected inductance. The intact secondary gave an average resistance of 210 and 72.3 +/- 5 mH of sensed inductance. As a container I used a PVC tube of 140mm with relative closure screws, I sealed the assembly with two component polyurethane resin for fiberglass, which has the disadvantage of crosslinking the epoxy resin, being extremely fluid at the beginning of the Reaction, and fragile in ripeness, but it has the advantage of working well with RF and being available everywhere. The Tesla coil is constituted by a resonance system in series of the RLC model, which reflects its components to the primary winding through the magnetic coupling of the coils, changing the value of "K" can change the resonant system, Increasing the "K" also increases the resonance frequency since less turns of the secondary remain in "free oscillation" To achieve a high transformation ratio (Vout / Vin) it is necessary: 1) Reduce secondary resistance to the lowest possible (high Q) 2) Minimize the primary inductance 3) Maximize the inductive coupling (k> 0.35) Obviously each factor has its limits of physical-dimensional functioning that collide with the theoretical requirement, so it is always looking for a good commitment to achieve this purpose.

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• Antenna RF pulses that reach the end of the HV (needle and / or torus) are somehow modulated with waves and emissions to the atmosphere. The signal that can be collected with an antenna coil placed near the Tesla coil is inevitably influenced by the use of the SSTLC and is presented in the accompanying photos. In SSTC it is highly recommended to use a breakpoint (tip) as a "hot" terminal, since without a breakpoint and with a toroid, the discharge voltage of the discharge increases enormously (depending on the diameter of the toroid tube), if the System can not achieve this voltage does not exceed the load of the effluvium, with an abnormal and potentially dangerous increase of the current in the primary circuit. It follows that the replacement of the conventional antenna needle of the MWO of Lakhovsky is not advisable, since the total absence of effluvia would reduce the therapeutic scope and would create great stress in the final stages of power; It is ideal to gradually reduce the section diameter of the outer ring (14 mm) to find one that allows the system to generate a slight crown effect, for simplicity I have used a belt of 16 x 0.5 mm (metal band closure for platforms), blunt And isolated from the extremity with white PVC tape, wrapped in circle  50cm. Already from 70VAC of final power there are sparks on both sides of the belt on almost the entire perimeter of the open ring! The way it nourishes the discharge is in pulsed mode; In the SSTLC in use, the environment must be well ventilated to avoid ozone accumulation!

RF signal detected by spiral antenna of rear coil Tx, 1m distance

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Complete Wave Mode (Tx + Needle)

Pulsated Mode (Tx + Needle)

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Burst

Pulsated Mode (NE555: F = 450 Hz - D. S. 50%) flat antenna only TX

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MWO Lakhovsky Antenna Replica

Antenna Belt

Tests performed One of the first tests performed refers to the mode of excitation of the primary CT

A) Lakhovsky configuration: electric arc> = 70VAC MOS power B) Configuration with primary excitation serie in controfase tipo "Kinraide coil" Of electric arc> = 100VAC powered with Mosfets power due to the fact that in fact each 26

primary is fed at half of the maximum drive voltage. C) Configuration with series in phase of primary excitation: the magnetic fields tend to cancel out so hardly any discharge is seen with the high voltage of the MOSFETs. As can be seen in the tests carried out, the configuration that allows the maximum performance of the system is the classic Lakhovsky, the primary parallel was avoided because the calculations under certain conditions could exceed the maximum current of operation of the power stages, With the inevitable damage to MOSFETs.

The electric discharge is a flow of electrons emitted from the cathode, moving to the anode, accompanied by complex phenomena generated by the presence of positive ions in the opposite motion. Discharge is generated when the electric field strength locally exceeds a given critical value, for which the weak current, always present during the electric field increases to a degree such as to create local overheating and plasma production (ternary mixture Of electrons, ions, neutral particles). The expansion of the ionized channel creates a more or less noisy shock wave; the plasma which is a good current conductor is the ideal transducer adapted to generate a strong broadband (up to several MHz) electromagnetic pulse extending with the Beam at the 27

frequencies of the visible spectrum. Electric shocks are attracted to all conductive materials and energy in their various forms, tend to concentrate on the tips and edges of the same material, areas of maximum density of electric charge. The strong voltage gradients (tens of kV) create the corona discharge due to the ionization of the air layers around the electrode, highlighted by a luminescence in the dark and a typical noise, similar to whistling or creaking. Spectral analysis of the corona noise reveals the superposition of a component with a frequency twice that of the network (100 Hz) accompanied by higher harmonics and broadband noise, which increases with the frequency band level; If instead of the antenna two probes or ends are used the crown is converted to effluvium with its corresponding arc of discharge. According to my personal interpretation Lakhovsky sought that his antenna rings generate a whole range of electromagnetic frequencies from 750kHz to the infrared, the simple electric arc free of thermal effects, can equal or even exceed the extension of the band sought, and avoid the Affectation of the mechanical structure. What is missing is the diffusing effect of the electric field because the outer ring can still be used as the traditional antenna. From my point of view, the localized application of pulsed mode (MP) effluvium, an alternative to the use of the electrode spiral, is ideal with the support of the appropriate "open" ambient RF (open) antenna exposure; All subjects must be scientifically evaluated, explored and experimented on in large populations and not in individual cases. Everything in the universe is vibrational energy and we are completely immersed in this symphony of frequencies and in its balance, the question is only the way we interpret some. The harmonization of life is through the correct frequencies and the Cymatics teaches that often of vibratory effects are obtained unexpected cures that are explained by the immense power of wave genetics, since the human genetic patrimony interacts continuously with the energy around whichever is. My specific intention is to experience the effects of Lakhovsky's MWO environmental therapy using a pulsed heart rate of 432Hz!

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The electric arc in direct contact with the skin causes a slight sensation of discomfort, often accompanied by involuntary contraction of the exposed extremity; This can be avoided by completely covering the area treated with high conductivity gel, such as used for ECG and EEG. From the attached images, one can see previously the care of a recurrent case of onychomycosis considered chronic, resistant to many topical treatments, and its final resolution after several exposures to the SSTLC. Unlike the original MWO of Lakhovsky, with the SSTLC the use of spiral electrodes is superfluous, since it can more efficiently use the terminal pin, achieving discharges of 2-3 cm with 50V of final feed, extremely secondary stream Small, modulating the average value by setting the duty cycle in pulse mode (MP). The use of the Variac should not be limited to the preliminary calibration or start-up of the system, but as an integral part of the "fine" adjustment of the current and therefore of the output power, it is difficult to control otherwise ( For example, the presence of resistive loads in series with the primary). Operational functionality has yet to be field tested and, of course, the few cases exposed can not be considered as the "therapeutic standard". This should be sought by the experts and 29

adapted to the specific characteristics of the patient. • 432 Hz square wave quartz generator To obtain a square wave signal of 432 Hz with a 50% duty cycle, of absolute precision, generated by a simple circuit, which does not need calibration, is stable to the voltage variations of power and with very low drift Thermal; Obviously, the choice lies in a quartz oscillator. At this point I will explain how I followed the sizing of the components: I took all the crystals in my power and calculated the relation between the nominal frequency and 432 (desired frequency), in search of figures that could give a report whose unit had a Minimum of approach residues; The choice fell on the 5MHz quartz. 5000000/432 = 11,574.07 total drive error = 0.07 At this point I noticed a simple astable quartz oscillator of CMOS logic gates introducing the 5 MHz signal into a 12 bit CD4040 binary counter (pin 10). To obtain a signal with a 50% duty cycle, I stopped counting half of the pulses needed to generate 432 Hz, that is, 11574/2 = 5787 pulses (dual frequency). Q0 Q1 Q2 Value 1 2 4 Bit 1 1 5787 1 2 0 5787*2=11574 5.000.000/11574=432Hz

Q3 8 1 8

Q4 16 1 16

Q5 32

Q6 64

0

0

Q7 Q8 128 256 1 128 0

Q9 512 1 512

Q10 Q11 1028 2048 1 1028 0

Q12 4096 1 4096

It is sufficient to check with a logic gate END (CD4068) when all bits Q0-Q1-Q3-Q4-Q7-Q9Q10-Q12 are in logic state "1" and use the output to reset the first binary counter and signal Of the clock of the second splitter state CD4040, which will re-record the signal with the 50% duty cycle in dual frequency Q1 of 864Hz, in order to finally remove the 432Hz square wave signal in Q2 (pin 7 CD4040), with Accuracy and no additional calibration required. Using the CD4011 logic gate marked "D" in the circuit diagram, it is possible to generate a signal of 432 Hz, but in the duty cycle adjustable from 50% to 100%, adjusting the trimmer to 100k, than in the negative logic Can be used by the SSTLC in pulsed mode.

30

• Transforming S.S.L.C. In powerful RF Magnetotherapy The final stages in MOSFET drive the primary of the Tesla coil, which as described above appears to be a predominantly inductive or capacitive load according to the difference between the generated and resonant frequency of the system. This means that by extracting the primary from the secondary we can continue to feed the coil (5 turns) without changing the functionality of the controller, but if we approach the primary to a biological tissue we are using our S.S.T.L.C. In magnetotherapy mode R.F. With self-inducing effect on health, something no less than incredible!

The only point of care has been to set the drive frequency to a minimum since in magnetotherapy the primary is very inductive and the current is inversely proportional to the applied frequency.

31

S.S.T.L.C Wiring Scheme - Final version

At this point in the process I have compiled enough information to be able to correct the initial schematic design and to project the definite PCB, for a board size 200 x 150 mm, see attached:

32

33

34

35

––––

36

Drilling plane Diameter (mm) 0.95 1.1 1.5 1.6 2.5 3.25

Light blue

4 5

Purple Orange

37

Color White Yellow Green Pink Red

38

39

b

Component Accessory Accessory Accessory Accessory Accessory Accessory Accessory Accessory Accessory Accessory Accessory Accessory Accessory Integrated Circuit Integrated Circuit Integrated Circuit

N. 1 * 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1

Description Ammeter Ferro M. 2.5A FS-Em70 / TL -Mega Electronics Ammeter Ferro M. 3A Gossen Acustic Box 4W Metallic Box EMI Filter 6 A Fuse holder 5x20 6.3A 250V Mecanic Timer 0-60 min .art.00520006-e22307 Heatsink 100x60(80)x25(35)mm Stamped Circuit Potentiometer Knob External Variac min. 1000VA Policarbonate Box for magnetotherapy Coil Drill Bit 0,9 mm CD4011

2

CD4040

1

CD4068

40

Code RS 202-940 364-3341 222-064 213-7047

347-3704 266-3524 664-251

Integrated Circuit Integrated Circuit Integrated Circuit Integrated Circuit Integrated Circuit Capacitor Capacitor Capacitor Capacitor Capacitor Capacitor Capacitor Capacitor Capacitor Capacitor Capacitor Capacitor Capacitor Capacitor Capacitor Connector Connector Connector Connector Connector Connector Connector Connector Connector Connector Connector Connector Diode Diode Diode Diode Diode Diode Inductance Switch Switch

1

Driver Mos. UCC37321p

661-3233

1

Driver Mos. UCC37322p

661-3249

1

HEF4046

1

NE555

1

Regulator L200c

6 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 2 7 1 4 4 6 1 1

100 nF 50V ceramic or multilayer 1000 uF - 35V electrolitic 10nF ceramic 15nF ceramic 22nF polyester 150nF 600V MKP 18pF ceramic 1nF ceramic 1uF 600V MKP 1uF 60V polyester 220uF 25V electrolitic 330pF ceramic (maxim) 33uF 25V tantalium 470 uF - 35V electrolitic 680pF ceramic Jack D3.5mm 2 Stereo contacts – headphones Plug D3.5mm 2 Stereo contacts - headphonesStereo cable with sock 1,5 m for remote control Housing with built-in lever 21:21 CK03I - ILME Connector Case without lever with pins vert.. CK03VS - ILME Jack 3+1 poli 21.21 10A-250V CKF03 - ILME Plug 3+1 poli 21.21 10A-250V CKM03 - ILMEJack NETWORK Blue panel (Out RF) Plug Blue Steering Wheel (Out RF) Jack LV from card- VOL.D.INT.2.1EST5.5L9.5 Plug LV coaxial power supply. D2.1mm Plug network 3 poli 230V PC of panel (without fuse) 11DQ10 Schottky 1.1A 100V 1N4007 1N4148 Led blue light 5mm MUR1560 - fast 15A 600V - 60ns TO220 Zener 15V 1W 4.7mH from card Panel lever 220V-4 A Light Switch 2SC - I4713 ROSSO

41

246-8290 246-8278

488-191 395-2487

545-2939

Switch Switch Switch Switch Switch Diode Bridge Diode Bridge Potentiometer Potentiometer Potentiometer Crystal Quartz Resistor Resistor Resistor Resistor Resistor Resistor Resistor Resistor Resistor Resistor Resistor Resistor Resistor Resistor Resistor Transistor Transistor Transistor Transistor Transistor Transformer Transformer Trimmer VDR VDR Fan Socket for IC Socket for IC Socket for IC *

4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 3 2 1 2 * 1 1 1 1 1 2 * 1 2 3 3

Swivel Deviator Switch 3 pos. On-on flat da CS Swivel Deviator Switch 3 pos on-off-on flat da CS Relay 10A 1SC from card Switch Panel Panel Button for Remote Control Rubber Knob Switch (Irons) Remote C. Handle 4A cod. GBU4G-9408 8A cod. KBPC808 10K linear PC16H 22K linear PC16H 47K linear PC16H 5.000000 MHz - HC-49/U

712-7852 712-7856

10K 120K 12K 15K 1K 1K 0.5W 1M 220K 2K2 3K3 4.7 5W IRF530 Mosfet canal N 100V 14A TO220 IRFP460 IXFK26N90 TIP127 TIP122 0-220V // 0-70V_4A / 0-14V_2 A Toroidal Ferrite Core Vertical multigrain trimmer 100K cermet 3296W V300K20 (VDR network filter) Metal Oxide Varistors B72220S321K101 Fan 220Vac Brush. On 80x80x38mm bearings DIL 14 pin DIL 16 pin DIL 8 pin Alternative

42

542-9800 711-5354

467-4295

289-7711

43

44

EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION A

REMOTE CONTROL

B

SWITCH ON, SWITCH ON-OFF

C

OPERATING MODE SELECTION SWITCH

D

ADJUSTMENT POTENTIOMETER T ON- T OFF IN MODE PM - VCD

E

ANTENNA (disconnected in magnetotherapy)

F

SELECTING FREQUENCY RANGE HIGH-MEDIUM-LOW CARRIER (HF-MF-LF)

G

TUNER (fine tuning of the carrier frequency)

H

EXTERNAL COIL CONNECTION SOCKET (female)

L

SWITCH GENERAL

M

AMMETER 3A-AC (connected in series to power supply)

N 0-

60 MINUTE ELECTROMECHANICAL TIMER

P

AUDIO SIGNAL VOLUME 432HZ

Q

DELAYED 2A FUSE (low voltage power supply)

R

4A RETARDED FUSES (220 V mains power)

S

EXTERNAL TRANSFORMER CONNECTION JACK (VARIAC I / O)

T

FIVALI POWER SUPPLY SELECTION (VARIAC 70VAC)

U

NETWORK POWER SUPPLY (220V -50HZ)

45

• Description of the signals generated The RF MAGNETOTHERAPY manages appropriate circuit solutions of the switching stages capable of generating a square wave whose frequency is determined by the position of the diverter to the central initialed zero (F) and the corresponding fine adjustment potentiometer (G). Tol. +-12% LF MF HF

Minimum Frequency (kHz) 100 140 180

Maximum Frequency (kHz) 140 180 270

The energy supplied from the coil is PULSANT at 100 Hz, as in the image, and does not produce thermal effects in biological permeated tissues, given its small intensity.

Complete Wave Mode To the "carrier" signal whose frequency is adjusted by (F) is added a signal of independent radio frequency between 3 and 5 MHz, generated by the reactive components of the final power stages and the outer coil used, as can See the attached image (G).

46

To activate the "Pulsed Mode" function, move the first operating mode selector switch (C) to C.W. A P.M. At this point you can decide which frequency and duty cycle to apply to the power supply signal delivered. I attach some examples of adjustment: Selected

INDIFFERENT

The selection of V.D.C. (Variable duty cycle) is the only setting that allows to continuously adjust the duty cycle of the power inhibition signal from 2 to 98%, while modifying the frequency of the same from about 600Hz to 23000Hz. Only VDC selection enables the use of the two potentiometers marked Ton and Toff (D)

Along with electromagnetic stimulation of the tissues it is possible to acoustically stimulate the patient using a weak audio signal of 432 Hz whose volume is adjustable by the potentiometer (P) located at the rear. 47

BEFORE USE Check that the Main Switch (L) is in the "OFF" position, plug the power cord into the Connector (T) and make sure that the external coil is connected to the respective blue (H) female.

The insertion of the blue plug of the coil in the respective socket (H) provides a slight rotation to the right at the end of the stroke, the electrical contact is guaranteed by the click of the safety key present in it. The decoupling of the coil must only be done to the equipment off (L = 0), this to avoid possible damage to the power stages, the extraction of the plug must take place in relation to the reverse mode to those described above.

USE OF MAGNETOTHERAPY OF R.F.

When the general switch (L) is set to "I", all the control steps of the driver will be enabled, which is confirmed by the rise of the switch and the start of the internal fan. In the initial phase there will be a significant current peak in the network due to the transformer inrush current, which can only burn one or both of the 4A-T fuses in the back in exceptional cases, although the restoration thereof Occasionally will not compromise the functionality of magnetic therapy. The shutdown of the instrumentation must take place at the end of the working day and not at the time of each therapeutic session, the duration of which can be controlled through the micro Switch Power (B), through the use of the "remote control" (Removable external button), or by the regulation of the electromechanical timer, adjustable from 0 to 60min; When using the Accessory (with the timer button) the Power Switch (B) must always be set to the "OFF" position.

After a delay of approximately 4-5 seconds after switching on the device (Switches L + B), the click of an internal relay will open the power supply and a blue light will be on: the magnetic therapy session may begin. The outer coil can be moved at will even during the operation of the equipment, obviously excluding the withdrawal of the same from the back panel.

48

TURNING OFF MAGNETIC THERAPY

Closing at the end of the work day should include the following operations in sequence:

- Turn the ignition switch (B) to "OFF" by previously deactivating the timer and / or the button on the remote control. - Set the main switch (L) to "O"

MAINTENANCE

No maintenance has been planned except cleaning the individual components after turning the device on and removing the power plug, using only a dry cloth or slightly moistened with water and disinfectants, without alcohol or abrasives. Connect the equipment to the mains voltage only after the appliance has completely dried.

49

MANUAL OF USE OF THE S.T.L.C.

- MAGNETOTHERAPY R. F. The "G" knob called "TUNER" must be set to "1" and the "F" Switch must be set to "L.F." SELECTED

INDIFFERENT

P.M. C.W.

432

432 50%

V.C.D.

432 10%

Typical application: bone reconstitution

P.M. C.W.

432

432 50%

V.C.D.

432 10%

Typical application: soft tissue

P.M. C.W.

432

432 50%

V.C.D.

432 10%

Typical application: neural centers

- EFFLUVIOTHERAPY In effluvio therapy to limit electricity, you need to set "ANTENNA -E" inserted y en modo pulsado. Resonance is sought by turning the "TUNER" with the "F" switch in the "HF" position and the contact (one or both connected directly to the coil) within a short distance (7-8 cm) of covered biological tissues With conductive gel. Resonance is the "TUNER" with the "F" switch in the "HF" position and the contact (one or both) Connected directly to the coil) at a short distance (7-8 cm) from biological tissues covered with conductive gel. The electric discharge is modulated by adjusting the two potentiometers "D" in V.D.C mode

P.M.

432

432 50%

C.W. V.C.D. 432 10%

50

O P.M.

432

C.W

V.C.D. 432

432 50% 10%

With the handle inserted in the TX coil, switch "F" must be in the "M.F." And the RX coil is well connected to the 50 cm diameter open loop antenna. - Lakhovsky Therapy In Lakhovsky therapy in order to limit the current, it is necessary to work with "ANTENNA -E-" inserted and in PULSE MODE, it is adjusted to resonance by turning the "TUNER" with the "F" Switch in the "MF" And the two coils face and oppose each other, with the diffuser ring connected.

P.M.

432

C.W

V.C.D. 432

432 50% 10%

APPLICATIONS In the literature of RF Magnetotherapy there is a large series of cases of curable diseases with magnetic RF; The applications usually lasts an average of 30 minutes up to a maximum of 60 and the mobile coil of S.S.T.L.C. Can be placed as the pictures show:

51

52

Magnetic field produces, inside the body, induced currents that, in turn, create magnetic fields as opposed to those that initiate the set as shown below:

The swirling action of electromagnetic fields within tissues has a highly stimulating effect on immune functions, bone and reconstructive tissue, as well as many other properties widely studied and used in therapy. The electromagnetic stimulation we have achieved is very advanced, depending on the type of induced stress and the range of harmonic frequencies generated. Practical applications have demonstrated extraordinary results in terms of speed and therapeutic efficiency in the annoying and painful periarthritis. The most surprising result is related to cases of pulsed magnetic therapy by applying the coil around the head (in P.M. with D.S. = 10%), to stimulate nerve centers compromised by Parkinson's disease. After several months of sitting, 1 hour of magnetotherapy on alternate days, the patient's visit to the Center Besta (MI) had a leap from the chair of the Primary who claimed to have never found such obvious results (he is not It was still said what was done in addition to Levodopa), the doctor confirmed the lowest possible drug dosage and postponed the next visit to one year. Electromagnetotherapy has been studied by a large number of scientists such as Danilewski, D'Arsonval, Kukaba, Yasuda, Bassett, Pilla, Fellus, etc. Their treatises are indisputable documents that testify how Hertzian waves improve enzymatic kinetics Cell regeneration, viscosity, and blood oxygenation, and have a wealth of therapeutic applications that are still partially unexplored. The action of magnetotherapy can be enhanced by working the network voltage endorsers, in which case it is mandatory to replace the used mosfet with two IXFK26N90 or equivalent, the therapeutic 53

action will be enormously superior as well as possible feelings of passion and subjective discomfort or Pain (sometimes post-exposure), a symptom of re-activated metabolism. Anyone wishing to transform their SSTLC into a MONOPOLAR magnetic therapy can insert a switch in series with the gate of one of the IRFP460 MOSFETs, preferably at the "ferrite transformer" connection in order to block the excitation signal thereto. The property of inducing currents within biological tissues can be monitored using a simple open loop, magnetotherapeutic coil size, with two antiparallel LED Diodes to the slot in the loop. The attached photo shows a coil constructed from a common copper tube of 14 mm, wound in the form of a circle of 160 mm outside diameter; To highlight the LEDs on with the SSTLC active in the magnetotherapeutic mode.

One of the first doctors to use an electromagnetic trigger for the treatment of advanced cancer cases was Dr. Kenneth MacLean of New York who said:

"Cancer CANNOT live in a strong magnetic field"! He personally exposed himself daily for 5 years to a magnetic field pulsed of 3600 gauss recovering among other things, the pigmentation of the hair. Electrotherapy Effluvio therapy Lakhovsky Therapy Microcurrents play a fundamental therapeutic role in the resolution of many diseases, since they induce microcurrents in biological tissues, predominantly by an electric field, which is operating in the "electrotherapy" mode. Energy developed by the SSTLC becomes an intense electric field of the Tesla coil which operates in simple mode as "EFLUVIOTHERAPY" while double of this can operate in 54

"Lakhovsky Therapy" mode, as described above. After a series of instrumental measurements and mathematical analysis, I decided to make coils based on a fiberglass rigid pipe of 124 mm outside diameter, 1200 turns of enameled copper wire with double insulation of 0.27 mm, all wrapped in A PVC tube 140 mm beige (external) and sealed with neutral two-component epoxy resin. The primary has been wrapped tightly around the secondary (cold side terminal, with white teflon) 5 turns of electrical cables of 2.5 mm section.

By instrumental measurements I obtained the following data expressed as mean value: Primary Inductance 5.80 microH Secondary inductance 51.7 mH and related 135.6 ohms, ¼ wave resonance 228 kHz, terminal pin connected directly to the coil ¼ wave resonance 167 kHz with handpiece and probe connected directly to coil ¼ wave resonance 161 kHz with open loop from 50 cm connected to the coil The supports were constructed in AISI304 stainless steel and stainless steel by assembling a catalog of Rose & Krieger modules, according to the attached images. Pos 1 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Description 4085000 Profile F50x50 Cortado en N.4 Pz. L=600 4085000 Profile F50x50 Cortado en N.4 Pz. L=500 4024101 Nodular angle 60 2 part 23400003000 Iron Clamp 30-50 4086644 Wheel 4088421 Cover plate F50 4000570 Profile black cover LG=20 4026206 Grooved dowel High N Tube Bar D.40 L-3000 Inox. 90307 Tube cap D.40 114000000211 Clamp W40

55

UM MT

Quantity 2.4

MT

2

NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

8 2 8 8 5 25 1 2 2

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

EFLUVIOTHERAPY Effluvio-therapy involves direct contact of the high voltage discharge of the Tesla coil with the area to be treated. In simple terms, the system is like having a capacitor whose dielectric is air and the armatures are, respectively, the terminal connected to the Tesla ("hot") coil and the biological tissue of the patient, the latter connected to ground. When the potential difference in the terminals of the armature is higher than the breakdown voltage of the air, part of an electric discharge (effluvium), whose intensity can be modulated by the configuration of the SSTLC (working cycle, Variac), has to hit the treated zone; The latter locally will be subject to great variations in both the electric and magnetic field almost without time, achieving the famous "oscillating shock" so sought after by Lakhovsky. To avoid surface burns due to electric shock, the treated area must be covered with a conductive gel layer.

Exposure of the image, without adequate current limitation and output power / absence of conductive gel (see surface skin burning).

Instant energy release as infinite Phenomena of enormous magnitude manifest themselves when the criteria for voltage or potential difference is instantly disrupted as with a short circuit. The effect is analogous with the open circuit of inductive current. Because the forcing voltage is instantly withdrawn the field explodes against the bounding conductors with a velocity that may exceed light. By Eric Dollard "Wireless engineer"

By connecting the probe of the Tesla coil to a well insulated power cable we can take it far from it and maneuver carefully with the insulated handle. The ignition voltage and discharge force can also be modified by the connected terminal shape. 68

The electric field and the cell membrane

con ρm = 108 _m

c=100Hz

d=100kHz

e=1MHz

f=10MHz

g=100MHz h=1GHz

The graph shows the gain of the electric field at the level of the poly (Gm_) membrane as a function of the frequency of the applied field. At a frequency of approximately 250 kHz S.S.T.L.C G = approx 700 times The Fourier theorem establishes that any periodic signal can be considered as the sum of infinite sinusoids with different characteristics, for example in the square wave exist only harmonics of odd order. This implies that any complex signal is rich in harmonics and therefore, therapeutically effective in electromagnetotherapy, the intensity and duration remains to be determined.

- Coil: magnetic field sensor (5 turns of insulated 2.5 mm cable - 7 cm diameter) - Capacitive electric field sensor (0-500 kHz) Copper plates 12 x 6 cm -. Spaced exactly 1 cm. 69

A) areas of cell differentiation B) Gain of the pole field of the cell according to the frequency of the zone C) field lines c = 100Hz d = 100kHx e = 1MHz f = 10MHz g = 100MHz h = 1GHz I-n) SAR depending on the frequency of the zone (black = 0 W / kg to white> 2 W / kg) with the corresponding thermal effect. The response of a cellular system to the electric field changes much with frequency: Below 100 kHz, the electric field "E" is almost excluded by the cell (predominantly pericellular), while about 1 MHz the intracellular field is larger than the extracellular field in most of the cell. From 10 to 100 MHz, the impedance of the membrane is insignificant and the intracellular resistivity is fully revealed, so the internal field is larger than the outside; From 1 to 10 GHz, the electric field is almost uniform, making the cell "electrically invisible"

70

1) Thiruvallur Gowrishankar R. and James C. opinion * Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139

Comparison with the Friedman system By interposing between the corona discharge and the body surface, not a dielectric but a layer of conductive gel and circumscribing the electric field with a plate located on the opposite side of the body, intense EM action occurs in the depth of the tissues. This application system eliminates all problems of sensation and unpleasant heating of tissues, can also be used easily for extended periods (tens of minutes and not a few seconds as the FEDBD system). The electric field strength and current density affecting deep tumor masses are several orders of magnitude higher than the application of the torus at some distance so that therapy sessions require very inadequate times. Shown below are the photos of a self-applied effluvio therapy, maneuvering the electrode holder to direct the discharge of plasma over a covered area of conductive gel, placed in the right forearm; The application lasted for a few minutes without warming the skin, without burns or unpleasant sensations.

71

http://iopscience.iop.org/1367-2630/11/11/115020/pdf/1367-2630_11_11_115020.pdf (véase también el volumen: Alexander Fridmann - Plasma Chemistry- Cambridge University Press 2008

Measurements with oscilloscope A dual - channel PHILIPS - PM320 20 MHz oscilloscope and an antenna consisting of five coils of insulated copper wire placed about 10 cm apart from the magnetotherapy coil are used, all according to the following diagram

72

The carrier frequency can be set to a maximum range of approximately 100 and 400 kHz, it is stylized in red in the image. We emphasize dampening with frequencies up to 5 MHz. The amplitude of the signal PP is about 30 volts in the antenna to create induced current loops that amount to approximately 3 mA.

By setting the time base of the oscilloscope in the "XDEFL" position and the trip coupling in the "AC" position, a trigger condition is coupled by means of the Blocking Capacitor, ie with the direct components blocked and, Then the channel "a" is selected in the selector of choice for the horizontal deflection source (which may be an A-B - EXT - or LINE which is derived from the mains voltage), the image shown In images 4 and 5.

73

In the mounting conditions visible in the photo, the time base is then started with the signal derived from channel "A" in which the receiving antenna is connected.

R = 10 k_ flat antenna coils 5 diam. 200/100 mm. 5 coil windings D = 110 mm 20 mm. The profile of the images obtained varies with the frequency of the RF carrier, as you can see in the photos; The amplitude of the signal, in this case represented by the diameter of the various coils, naturally varies in inverse ratio to the coil antenna distance, while changing the design of the antenna and / or coil which produces a Profound alteration of the image itself. These images are very interesting and deserve a theoretical study since its evolutionary profile unmistakably evokes a chaotic attractor. Figure 5 is strikingly similar to the three-dimensional trend of a Moore & Spiegel attractor; The oscilloscope reproduces a very surprising three-dimensional effect. 74

The Moore-Spiegel system is a non-linear thermo-mechanical oscillator with displacement X (t). The "R" parameter is analogous to the Prandtl number, multiplied by the Rayleigh number, while the "T" parameter is analogous to the Prandtl number multiplied by the Taylor number. The system describes a vertically oscillating fluid element in a temperature gradient with a linear force tending to restore the system. The equations are: X=y Y=z Z = - x - (T - R + Rx2) .y - T.x

Along with the Lorenz attractor system, the Moore-Spiegel system is one of the classical, lower-order dynamic systems that demonstrate chaos. The displacement (X) as a function of the time of this attractor is shown in the following table which is also comparable to the damping of the signal through the coil of the SSTLC generator

(see photo 2) (see the following website for simulation online) http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/MooreSpiegelAttractor/ See: An non-lineal thermically excited oscillator - NASA 1965 75

Synchronization of Moore and Spiegel NJ Balmforth and RV Department of Theoretical Mechanics Craster, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom

"Two or more dynamic systems may, in certain circumstances, be synchronized. All systems converge to the same temporal behavior also when the underlying dynamics are chaotic. There is no guarantee that this behavior will always be valid, even when it occurs, it can terminate immediately if it also slightly modifies some system parameters. Therefore, the methods by which this convergence can be achieved have become of great interest. In addition to the self-interest for synchronization, there are also a wide variety of subject applications, these include encryption, neural networks, electrical circuits and laser couplings. This article explores the poorly studied behavior of an oscillator and its synchronization properties. This study is included in a more general approach that sheds light on the synchronization process in general and on the properties of a broad class of dynamic systems. "

76

77

Premise All measurements are based on the voltage and peak-to-peak current and on the generator's continuous wave operation, should be considered only as a guide to the measured values given the complexity of the systems involved (body interference, body characteristics etc. .) Thermal evaluations should also be considered valid only by comparison between different cases and not as absolute values.

A)

Effluviotherapy measurements

Discharge (Plasma)

Handpiece point to 3 cm. from conductor Gel V1 =

Gel conductor Layer 4 cm. side

S=

0,0016

1100 V/mm *

30

mm

MetaLlic Plate with Gel 260 kHz Puls. = 432 Hz - DC=10%

V2 =

0,7

Volt 0 Volt 4,7

?

Mass Resistor (inductive charge practically nule) puls. = J =

I

V/R puls/S

0,15 93,1

Amp. A/mq

Volt

Oscilloscope

Resistor

I

33000

6 cm

Forearm

TESLA COIL

=

m2

( current during discharge ) (during discharge )

Physiologic current through biologic tissues

.

10

During discharge cells with a density of are excited

9309

78

mA/mq voltaje higher to physiologic values

Ground

(1) According to M. Tylbury: The Ultimate Tesla Coil Design (Mc Graw Hill - 2008), the typical resistance of rarefied air is approx. 220 kOhm Under the same conditions of measurement: 1) Replacing a pointed spindle with a pointed spindle Diameter 12 mm. Which has the following characteristics: - Capacity 0.6 pF - MAX voltage before discharge 17.5 kVolt (Naturally discharge into the air as soon as the system resonates) Held at about 3 cm. From the gel it detects: Vl = 20 volts then: R1 = 100 kOhms R2 = 1.5 kOhms Reduction ratio Rr = (R1 + R2) / R2 = 67.7 Voltage at point VX (contact with table) = VP * Rr = 1353 Volt pp 2) Replacing the aligned tip with an aluminum toroidal Diameter 10 cm. (Ring Φ 3 cm.) Which has the following characteristics: - Capacitance 4.6 pF - MAX voltage before discharge 151 kVolt (Of course, DO NOT discharge into the air when resonant and the voltage measured with a screwdriver bit Is 132 kV having detected a discharge at 12 cm distance) Held at about 3/4 cm. From the gel it detects: Vl> 9 volts then: R1 = 277 kOhms R2 = 1.5 kOhms (Changed R1) Reduction ratio Rr = (R1 + R2) / R2 = 185.7 Voltage at point VX (contact with table) = Vl * Rr> 1671 Volt pp

79

Measurement of Body Voltage Depending on Distance

As you can see and logically, the tension on the body depends on two factors: 1) Directly proportional to the resistance of the part crossed by current 2) Contrary to the toroid-body dissolution N.B. If you connect a second coil (Lak. System) to the mass of the first, you notice a significant increase in tension on the body As well as the typical trend of the repetitive signal. The above is not always true as there is one and only maximum gain position: The two coils must be aligned as well as the ideal distance between the two must be identified through a NEON spy spot On board the induced coil (see diagram and photo)

80

D) Electrical field measurements in different conditions Compared to the intensity of the electric field created by a Tesla coil with a naked toroid (10 cm d.e. / 4 cm d.i.) and a toroid of the same coated measurements With approx. 2 cm. of two-component epoxy resin (max elec. Strange = 27 kV / mm) and then rested without risk of discharge directly on the body (see diagram). As a measuring system, a "capacitive sensor" has been used which is correctly applicable for variable fields in the order of a few hundred kHz (so-called case). The voltage detectable at the head of an armature of a flat air condenser is proportional to the orthogonal component of the electric field present at the point where it is positioned the sensor:

81

The measurements made with the capacitive sensor are definitely valid as it is confirmed by the simulation shown in the graph of the electric field (Violet) and voltage (blue) in the capacitor plates. As you can see the average value of the Electric Range is about 1500 V / m while the peak voltage is approx. 12 volts

82

As the terminal modification is detected, the resonance frequency and the intensity of the electric field are changed significantly by the same condition as the main condition intensity then builds up the coated toroid directly to prevent discharge, on the body as follows and its measures: 83

When the toroid is distant from the body, intended as a load to the ground, its voltage is at its maximum as there is a minimum current flow to earth, by approaching the Toroid to the body, the total energy of the system is kept constant by decreasing the voltage on the body and the toroid and corresponding increase of the current flowing through the body. Of course, the voltage on the body varies according to the position of the ground discharge plate, if the ground plate is placed behind the subject and not at the feet, as in the diagram, it reduces the body's strength by reducing the cross-section and thus increases the current as well as obviously the therapeutic force. The following simulations therefore relate to a Toroid application coated with a subject's chest and the ground plate is placed behind it. E) MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS Consider the latest application example to further develop manual calculations, to run simulations with dedicated software to be able to approach as much as possible to the real conditions that can be created within the human subject subject to the electromagnetic fields created by a system of Tesla resonant.

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Body Power Consumption = 105 W Body Voltage = 110 Volt 85

Average Current Density in Body = 50 A / mq Average Current Density in Tumor = 75 A / mq Considering that 1 Watt = 1 J / sec. It is possible to calculate the heating speed (VR) of the respective tissues in the area subject to the applied field, note the density and the thermal capacity (CT) of the affected tissues based on the mean SAR values in their respective areas. For all cases, a cooling (- Wr) is considered to be approx. 5000 W / mc due to blood perfusion in the normally sprayed tissues, and approx. 1000 W / mc for less sprayed tumor tissues.

Heating measured refers to continuous and non-pulsating generator (CW mode) operation, in case of pulsed therapy with D.C. Of 10% heating would be virtually null. # Previous data show that the power used by the carp is 105 watts, so considering field losses in the environment and thermal losses of the generator it is necessary to have at least 250 watts of actual power. If instead you use a generator capable of delivering at least 1000 W of which approx. 400 Watt absorbed by the body, and running it in CW mode heating fabrics can be calculated using the same simulations. : Body Power Consumption = 420 W Body Voltage = 310 Volt Average Current Density in Body = 85 A / mq Average Current Density in Tumor = 150 A/mq Electrical field in fabrics = 3600 V / m Electrical field in Tumor = 370 V/m

Body = 3,73 °C/min.

Δt = 3,36 °C/min.

Vr = Tumor = 0,37 °C/min.

In this case it is necessary to cool the water with the skin as it is a real hyperthermia at RF but not suitable for the high temperature difference between the tissues. A different application mode inspired by the Lakhovsky system is now explored and illustrated in the following drawing:

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Considering that 1 Watt = 1 J / sec. It is possible to calculate the heating speed (VR) of the respective tissues in the area subject to the applied field, note the density and the thermal capacity (CT) of the affected tissues based on the mean SAR values in their respective areas.

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If theoretical values are confirmed experimentally, this system, is certainly ideal as it operates in CW or D.C. High you could do a purely hyperthermic treatment, but very effective and safe considering an obviously better thermal distribution (ΔT = very low)

Comparison data are given for a typical Hyperthermia application at 13.56 Mhz - 750 Volt to the drive plate with 1000 W equipment, of which approx. 400 used, taking into account naturally the electrical characteristics of the fabrics at the aforementioned frequency

Absorbed Potence = 400 W Body Voltage = 240 Volt

Average Current Density in Body = 75 A / mq

Average Current Density in Tumor = 350 A/mq Body = 4,25 °C/min.

Δt = 2,19 °C/min.

Vr = Tumor = 2,07 °C/min.

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As you find the heating system is very effective but also, unfortunately, very unbalanced as to keep it to approx. 43-44 ° C the tumor mass was forced to bring to approx. 45-47 ° C. The surrounding tissues, while the superficial ones are kept at acceptable values due to the circulation of cold water at the skin. From comparisons made it follows that a hyperthermia system, based on N. Tesla's technology and with application modes according to the experiences of G. Lakhovsky, is much more valid and secure than the traditional system in use. Below are the results obtained by a classical Lachovsky system with 750 kHz resonant antennas, about 1.3 mt away with a voltage on the antennas of ca. +/- 350 kVolt:

Absorbed Potence = 214 W Body Voltage = 25 Volt

Average Current Density in Body = 16 A / mq

Average Current Density in Tumor = 80 A/mq Body = 0,01 °C/min.

Δt = -0.07 °C/min.

Vr = Tumor = 0,09 °C/min.

As we can see, given the considerable distance of the antennas from the body, one can not absolutely think of any increase in temperature even in CW mode.

From comparisons made it follows that a hyperthermia system, based on N. Tesla's technology and with application modes according to the experiences of G. Lakhovsky, is definitely more valid and secure than the traditional system in use. 89

If the theoretical data have to be confirmed by practical tests by measuring the temperature increase of any material with characteristics of permittivity and conductivity close to those of a living tissue, it can be said that the equipment ultimately realized would be in the condition of: - Therapy Lak. Original with toroids closer to the body - Effluent therapy - Magneto-therapy revolutionary - Extremely effective and balanced hyperthermia

Electrical field and "Electromagnetic chaos" This chapter will explain complex concepts in simple terms, not to educate scholars, but to clarify the subject in a simple way. Who has been lucky enough to see the operation of an original MWO has noticed a curious phenomenon, namely the functional blackout of any electronic equipment that is placed in the immediate vicinity, due to the intense electric field produced ("electromagnetic chaos" ). The famous Lakhovsky antennas are made up of circular, concentric, suspended and at the same time isolated oscillating circuits of the other. But how does an isolated and open ring resonate and radiate energy? The answer is simple, it must suffer a "shock", which has to be moved from its state of equilibrium by intense and sudden stress, in the case of the exciting MWO is the electric field of the Tesla coil, which acts on the antennas as in any resonant electric system in the vicinity, like a hammer striking a fretboard. Can the biological cell be considered as a resonant electrical system? The scientific world now unanimously considers that the biological cell is a resonant electrical system that has an adequate capacitance value (also demonstrates the membrane potential: charge of the "cell capacitor") and a self-induction (DNA double helix is the same that a coil, chondriomas and chromosomes can be compared to monofilar antennas, etc.) therefore has a very precise self-oscillation frequency. The resonance frequency varies from cell to cell, but as there are several MWO rings, all resonate excited by variations in the electric field, just as they stimulate the cells of the biological complex interposed between the two MWO antennas. After a Lakhovsky therapy many feel the sensation of "recharging" their body, which is transformed into a state of general well-being and vigor. Lakhovsky therapy involves the increase of the immune system, can be curative, and also prophylactic, I quote the author:

"... Exposure to the radiation of the device once a week or even once every two weeks is almost safe to prevent colds and flu, the body is strengthened so that it can fight victoriously against 90

all the pathogenic causes And cancer itself. " G. Lakhovsky

The whole of the electromagnetic fields produced by the MWO and the resonant circuits create in the vicinity an indescribable and incomparable "electromagnetic chaos", which consists of the fundamental frequency, harmonics and diverse interferences. Are electromagnetic fields therapeutic or harmful?

Despite appearances, the answer is simple: just as a glass of water can be therapeutic, but the water of a river can flood an E. M .; may be therapeutic, but in excess can cause a state of induced biological saturation and thus disease! Next, the "quality" of water (ie EM fields) is also analyzed ... The problem is not, therefore, the electromagnetic field, but the type and dose (exposure time). In describing the principles of MWO, Lakhovsky dictated the parameters for assessing therapeutic efficacy of ALL electromagnetic therapy devices that have occurred in 82 years.

"... We know that in physics a damped high-frequency current-fed circuit produces many harmonics, and then I had the idea of creating an MWO device that would generate a field in which each cell could find its own frequency." G. Lakhovsky

1) High Frequency: Lakhovsky uses resonators from 750-1000 kHz, but nothing prevents the use of another R. F. As long as it is "damped"! 2) The original multi-wave oscillators generate an infinite number of R. F. but above all a huge alternating electric field due to the Tesla coil. With "retrospective" it is seen that the obligation to have R.F. buffered allows to center the intensity value of the field E.M. So as to promote the phenomenon of the tunnel effect, studied in recent years by scientists like Zhadin who emphasize the importance of: 1) the frequency of the signal (eg cyclotron frequency) 2) its intensity (the famous greek professor Panos Pappas, says: "the greater the magnetic

pulsations, the greater the activation of the internal degrees of freedom of the molecules, which are biosynthesis factors and therefore improve the bioenergy of a Living system. ") 3) the presence of the geomagnetic field 91

The Liboff-Zhadin experiment (1984-1994) shows that an alternating magnetic field at a very low frequency (ELF), also called cyclotron placed perpendicular to the geomagnetic field, can react biological elements. If all exchanges in cell membranes (with potential) are considered to be electrochemical, Zhadin effect may alter metabolism. An electric field always produces an electric current that however small, if not deviated, will follow the current lines of the same field. An electric current in turn generates a concentric magnetic field with the flow of electrons as in the attached images, so it is evident that by placing two resonators of the MWO in a terrestrial meridian, the magnetic fields generated by the induced currents (by the electric field) of Tesla coils, will be flat and perpendicular to the meridian placed in position to favor the cyclotron rotation of molecules of the biological process, structurally like in the experiment of Liboff-Zhadin, different frequencies for a single use (HF in Place of ELF) and generated spectrum. It would be interesting to replicate the Liboff-Zhadin experiment by eliminating the variable field and putting in place a strong magnetic field (electric field counterpart with the effluvium), in line with the magnetic / geomagnetic field constant, and scientifically analyzing the effects . Or eventually simulate the behavior of the electric field with a single cable current path, aligned with the earth's meridian. Users who have practiced Lakhovsky therapy in recent years recommend placing the transmitter in the North and the receiver in the South, if possible by focusing the patient (during therapy) on a Hartmann node, and this by searching for the lowest possible impedance in the grounding of the Tesla coils. Usually, a functional disorder increases the electrical resistance of the biological organ, while an inflammation increases the conductivity of the organ, all results in electrical measurements, also detectable by magnetogram not only the heart and brain but any other organ, problem is only for data interpretation.

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The great biologist Albert Szent-Gyorgyi in 1957 stated that any biological substance is incapable of functioning without water or electromagnetic fields and, after having said that it would remember that water in humans is about 99% of the molar concentration and provides stable electromagnetic fields to orient and attract biological molecules that determine concentration and flow, all due to resonance. The dynamic force behind cellular encounters is the electromagnetic field. All living beings react to electromagnetic fields. Luc Montagnier showed that even DNA and RNA emit, so that there are specific electromagnetic signals related to each disease. If living matter loses its order loses its proper functioning and disease appears, all in perfect agreement with the modern theory of the coherence of the water domain: in the water there are domains of coherence, that is, structures / groupings united by a force that groups them in different ways. Perhaps we should read Lakhovsky's writings on studying the correlation between water and cancer, when he said that we should only drink water that is under our feet (the only one that is in harmony / resonance with the environment that surrounds us ), Or when he described the difference between the pathogenic bacteria and the symbiotic ones assumed in the type of electromagnetic radiation, divided in the first case and chords in the second, with the individual resonance field. That the void is NOT "empty" affirmed it long before the experimental test of the Lamb change was discovered that the vacuum contains fluctuating electromagnetic fields, and the subject of resonance as an element that moves both the

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infinitely large (universe) and the "infinitely small (ion) wrote a book with the unequivocal title:

"L 'UNIVERSIONE"!

A curious document by Lakhovsky documents how Dr. Ch. Hulin from Salpetriere could regenerate and ossify teeth affected by periodontal disease or alveolar periodontitis in two phases (6 cycles): 1) Transformation of the gingival connective tissue, packed cells of the reticuloendothelial system, into an inert or sclerotic tissue, through intragingival injections of 1% solution of quinine-urea solution 2) secondary sclerotic tissue recalcification by 20 minutes of calcium chloride ionization (1%) using the multiple wave oscillators. Unthinkable results with other therapies while still unparalleled! In fact Lakhovsky laid the foundation for iontophoresis, ie the therapeutic application of electrophoresis, which consists of passing through the skin using galvanic current, medicinal substances, interposed between the skin and an electrode; A concept that today goes so far as to talk about Magnetopharmacology, the interaction and / or the joint action of drugs with pulsed magnetic fields.

R.I.F.E. (Resonance-Initiated Field Effects) and SSTLC Anyone wishing to test the frequencies R.I.F.E. To handle an SSTLC you can simply download from the network one of the many software available, such as the Frex16: Http://www.frex.com.au/about.html 94

And use the sound card to control both the magnetic RF and the Tesla coil by simply replacing the NE555 with a socket interface, which can be soldered directly onto the attached components, and interrupting a 1k Resistor terminal  connected to pin 3 of the NE555. By using the preamplified signal to the headphones can replace a germanium BJT transistor with a silicon type BC547, you can also reduce the resistance to 1M.

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Magnetic Field Measurement

If you want to calculate the effective values, the mean value of the signal should be taken into account with respect to the peak value as well as the value 1 / √2, Moreover, the signal profile for which the following correction coefficients apply: Sinusoidal = 1.1 Triangular = 1.155 Square = 1 So with a rectangular signal: (1)

f . em 41eff .N f 2

Now you want to measure the magnetic flux produced in any way from a source, for example a coil powered by a generator signal, using a coil sensor connected to an oscilloscope that displays the signal and measures its amplitude in the corresponding at f. em. induced by the field source to the sensor. "A magnetic field in the kHz order can be corrected by using an inductive sensor connected to an oscilloscope. The integral of the voltage detected at the spire heads is proportional to the magnetic induction B "(from Ing. FabaUniversità Perugia-Electrical Engineering Applications)

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Acknowledgement I thank my family for not allowing me to regret myself all the time I have taken away with my own experiments. Thanks to Mr. Renato D. consultant and executive operator of SSTLC in its final version, technician of incomparable mastery. Thanks to Mr. Emmanuel T. for the volcanic technical imagination and the stimulus given to the project. Thanks to Mr. Thomas N. for his financial support and to Dr. Paul P. for the help in medical experimentation that we will start in the projects of Georges Lakhovsky and Nikola Tesla. In the visible world as in the invisible, ALL is vibration. It is implied to think in terms of oscillations, interferences and resonance fields, created at multiple levels of the universe. In vibrational physics all biological processes are dependent on the iterations between the electromagnetic and gravitational fields, the model of energy flow at any level and scale of existence, acquires the toroidal structure as the energy pattern of life. The greatest prison of humanity is the fear of the judgment of others, abandoning this inhibition makes us aware of the enslavement in which we have lived. Against the reality of the facts no scientific theory can refute the truth that prevails over everything. In some of his writings Lakhovsky writes:

"In my life I have had many successes, but also some setbacks" as to emphasize that electrotherapy in expert hands can do great things, but it can not be the solution to all the problems of life, and that if there is a rule there is also Its exception, especially in the field of biology. I end with a quotation from Lakhovsky that can be extended to all his research, and also to all people of goodwill who aspire to the highest good of others: "May the civilized world take advantage and make the best use of this." TESLA COILS OFFER DANGER OF ELECTROCUTION AND PRODUCE OZONE, GREAT QUANTITY OF NITROGEN OXIDES, AND UV LIGHT. TESLA COIL CAN DAMAGE SENSITIVE ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT AND SHOULD NOT BE USED NEAR PEOPLE WHO HAVE PACEMAKERS, HEARING AID AND / OR INSULIN PUMPS. This document has been prepared for information purposes only to describe some personal experiences. Its clinical use or prescription is prohibited. The reader is warned that there are potential risks arising from the misuse of electronic equipment and high-frequency highvoltage equipment, in serious diseases and with unskilled personnel, therapeutic trials should always be carried out only under direct medical liability. By Moreno

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