The Future Of Internet - Copy

Research Methods

Submitted to Sir Rizwan Submitted by Asghar Saeed Baloch Irfan Fani Roll No BITM-F15-058 BITM-f15-027 Class BSIT-8 Topic The Future of Internet

THE FUTURE OF INTERNET Asghar Baloch, Irfan Fani Department of information technology Superior University Lahore Email:[email protected]

content space is Telecommunicati expanding by cognitive and ons and the sensory contents, Internet are forming an billions of devices Abstract:

increasingly integrated system for processing, storing, accessing and distributing information and managing content. Recently the

are to be interconnected, media convergence is

highlighted and an open Digital Ecosystem is being formed. At

the same time the identification capacity of the Current Internet

technological development and the new data handling and

is running out, Internet architectures are reconsidered for better

cognitive concepts. The future of the Internet became an

managing mobility and quality requirements, security issues as

important research area, supported by the various ICT research

well as for exploiting the opportunities derived from the

funds and especially by the series of Future

Internet Assemblies

research activity in a layered

since 2008. The paper summarizes the challenges of the Current

model from basic research on Internet Science through the

Internet Internet, Engineering up to determines the Future Internet relevant functions applications and and features of experiments. the Telecommunications and the Internet are forming Future Internet, and presents the main research areas defining the chapters of Future Internet

an increasingly integrated system for processing, storing, accessing and distributing information and managing content. Recently the content space is expanding by cognitive and sensory contents, billions of devices are to be interconnected, media convergence is highlighted and an open Digital Ecosystem is being formed. At the same time the identification capacity of the Current Internet is running out, Internet architectures are reconsidered for better managing mobility and quality requirements, security issues as well as for exploiting the opportunities derived from the technological development and the new data handling and cognitive concepts. The future of the Internet became an important research area, supported by the various ICT research funds and especially by the series of Future Internet Assemblies since 2008. The

paper summarizes the challenges of the Current Internet, determines the relevant functions and features of the Future Internet, and presents the main research areas defining the chapters of Future Internet research activity in a layered model from basic research on Internet Science through the Internet Engineering up to Future Internet applications and experiments.

Introduction: Telecommunications and the Internet are forming more and more an integrated system for processing, storing, accessing and

An integrate information (TIM) value chain, as the intelligent, digital infrastructure of information society is shaped. At the same time the identification capacity of the Current Internet is running out, Internet architectures are reconsidered for better managing mobility and quality requirements, security issues as well as for exploiting the opportunities derived from the technological development and the new data handling and cognitive concepts. This convergence process transforms business and bank spheres, administration, production, agriculture, transport, health, education and knowledge systems, etc., our everyday life. The future networked knowledge society is going to be established on Internet base, but the limitations of the Current Internet must be eliminated. Recognizing the challenges of the Current Internet and the opportunities for a more advanced Internet, European Commission supported intensively the research activity on the Future Internet (FI) and initiated the organization of the Future Internet Assemblies (FIAs).

Distributing information and managing content. This convergence process is based on the rapid evolution of the digital technology and the diffusion of the Internet concept. The steps of the penetration of the digital technology and the classic Internet, and the evolution towards an integrated telecommunications, information technology and electronic media (TIM) sector has been presented e.g. The first step was the digitization and integration of network functions within voice communication (telephony), data communication and media communication (broadcasting) sectors, each separated by their content. In the second one a uniform digital (Figure 1) Steps of penetration of digital technology communications of various contents and an and Internet, towards an integrated Telecom, IT and integrated telecommunications (formally referred Media sector to as electronic communications) sector was formed. The third step presents the convergence of communications, information processing and content handling, the emergence of the integrated TIM sector and synergic TIM applications based on IPv4/TCP. Recently, in the fourth steps the content space is expanding by cognitive and sensory contents, billions of devices are to be interconnected, media convergence is highlighted and an open Digital Ecosystem is being formed.

New technological opportunities are for managing limitations    



Advanced wireless/mobile technologies; Broadband optical solutions; Huge storage capacity, storage efficiency; Innovations in material and manufacturing technology, especially in the technology of sensors, CPUs, memories, energy sources; Potential opportunities from nanotechnology and biotechnology.

(Figure 2) integrated information (TIM).

Limitations of Current internet: The original concept of Internet (TCP/IPv4) has limitations and there are new societal requirements (mobility, security), while the technological development provides new opportunities and solutions for the challenges. 1. The limited addressing or identification capacity, not enough IPv4 domain names. 2. The essentially private wire line network concept. 3. The lack of a scalable efficient network and mobility management. 4. The best effort solutions, the lack of guaranteed and differentiable quality of services and security. 5. Energy awareness is critical due to the network size and usage. 6. Application development is inflexible 7. Scalability in support of an increasing number of users. 8. Robustness and security. 9. Approaches for handling these deficiencies include wireless or mobile technologies, broadband optical 10. solutions, huge storage capacity, move towards IPv6, and innovations in material. Approaches for handling these deficiencies include wireless or mobile technologies, broadband optical solutions, huge storage capacity, move towards IPv6, and innovations in material.

Concept of future internet research: The challenges of the Current Internet, the tangible and potential demands, and the technical opportunities determine the critical research issues, research goals and spheres, and need the reconsideration of the classic Internet concept. Figure 3 shows the Future Internet vision based on the scheme of Japan’s National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) ,and the achievements of the FIA 2011 in Budapest and Poznan, FIA 2012 in Aalborg and FIA 2013 in Dublin. The classic Internet aimed at interconnection of persons and contents, the Future Internet is aiming at the interconnection of devices, too, resulting in a two-pillar concept: Internet of People (Media Internet) and Internet of Things (IoT). (On the latest FIA, the comprehensive concept of Internet of Everything was emerged.) Therefore Future Internet research activities primarily focus on network architecture issues to solve challenges in scalability, security, manageability and sustainability, both for ambient and sensor networks (IoT) and for efficient media networks (content-centric networks). Big data and knowledge engineering (acquisition, management, storage, etc.), 3D and cognitive content handling became also significant research issues. Drastic expansion of application opportunities and recently the societal-economic impacts are also intensively investigated. The research goals and spheres can be combined into the usual three levels. The Internet is considered a complex network system; its common attributes are heavily researched in the frame of Network Science. In general, basic research

topics related to the fundamentals of Future Internet, features are characteristic of the Future Internet embracing mathematical modeling of large scale solutions. networks, cryptography as theory of security, human, socio-economic and environmental aspects, legislation A recent list of relevant Future Internet functions and governance principles, etc. are collected in Internet  Identification and interconnection of things, Science. Engineering research issues - as creation and devices, sensors (Internet of Things); elaboration of Future Internet technologies, network  Network architecture intrinsically handling architectures and protocols, data and content mobility, „anywhere, anytime” data collection management methods and design procedures and presentation (Mobility centric represent the backbone of the Internet applied research, architectures); Networked data bases, real time access and global handling of huge scale multimedia contents (Big Data);  Content-aware technologies: content selection, distribution, outsourcing and management, content centric networks, content mining;  Programmability of networks: virtualized, software-defined networks (SDN);  Communicating and managing 3D and cognitive contents, virtual and augmented world;  Cloud computing and communications: called software, platform, network, etc. can be provided as a service (SaaS, PaaS, NaaS, etc.);  Remote collaboration, monitoring and control Finally Future Internet experimental research and of physical processes (Tactile Internet). innovation actions aim at the development of FI-based A list of relevant Future Internet features is solutions, smart industrial and community applications, customizable content services, involving their 1. Embedded, intrinsic localization, tracking experimentation, demonstration and standardization and tracing; issues, shortly referred to as Internet application 2. Inherent information security, personal development. data protection; 3. Customized solutions and presentation Relevant Future Internet Functions and (personal profile); 4. Managed quality, service-aware Features: architectures and application platforms. Recently there is no accepted definition for Future Internet, rather it is described by some capabilities, which do not exist in, or are not typical of the Current Internet. Some new functions were created and certain special features became obvious in the last some years, which are relevant criterions to separate Current and Future Internet. In the followings eight functions and four features associated to Future Internet are listed. The lists as a matter of course are open; recently one or more functions and some of the

Future Internet Modeling, Analysis and Design: Wireless communications technology enables us to seamlessly access many multimedia services, e.g., stored multimedia (e.g., video on-demand), live streaming (e.g., Internet live sport networks, Internet radio stations), and real-time interactive streaming (e.g., online games, video conference, e-education), etc. As such, wireless communications technology has

rapidly gained a crucial role and become an important aspect of life. There is a strong, credible body of evidence, suggesting that mobile network operators are facing many formidable tasks but exciting areas of endeavor. Of most concern are the increase in evergrowing wireless/mobile devices and the huge demand in data rates associated with that. It is predicted that the number of mobile-connected devices will exceed 11.5 billion by 2019 (nearly 1.5 mobile devices per capita), which poses a huge traffic demand for ubiquitous communications. On the one hand, it is anticipated that we will witness an up to 10,000- fold growth in wireless data traffic by the year 2030.

G) Other intelligent applications.

B) Smart home and office applications;

Benefits of LiFi:

and

cognitive

community

Energy saving and the Internet:

Estimates vary, but the Internet and all its services consume something on the order of 4% of the energy in the developed world. Only simple measures are required to improve this by a factor of two. Furthermore, the Internet, as we have discussed above, can be used to monitor and control external devices (things, vehicles, services) and significantly reduce their unnecessary power consumption. Figures as high as 30% have been quoted for possible national savings of energy, if unused devices in all homes could be The future 5G cellular network is expected to achieve remotely turned off. The investment necessary to as much as 1,000 times higher data rate relative to its achieve this is relatively low, with what seems like a current 4G counterpart. On the one hand, as many as very big potential return. 50 billion devices will be connected to the Internet by 2020, requesting seamless connectivity and mobility. LIFI Internet: Data rates are projected to increase by a factor of ten every five years, and with the emerging Internet of LiFi is a wireless optical networking technology that Things (IoT) predicted to wirelessly connect trillions uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for data of devices across the globe, without novel approaches, transmission. future mobile networks (5G) will grind to a halt unless LiFi is designed to use LED light bulbs similar to those more capacity is created. currently in use in many energy-conscious homes and Future Internet Community offices. However, LiFi bulbs are outfitted with a chip that modulates the light imperceptibly for optical data Applications: transmission. LiFi data is transmitted by the LED bulbs Users demand “always on” access to cheap, easy- and received by photoreceptors. LiFi's early to-use, secure, mobile, personalized and context-aware developmental models were capable of 150 megabitsapplications, which are to be realized over highly per-second (Mbps). Some commercial kits enabling interconnected, increasingly complex infrastructures. that speed have been released. In the lab, with stronger Cross-disciplinary research challenges should be LEDs and different technology, researchers have addressed: enabled 10 gigabits-per-second (Gbps), which is faster than 802.11ad. A) Mobile crowd-sensing platform and functions;

C) Smart health and well-being applications; D) Smart business applications; E) Smart governance applications; F) Smart city applications;

     

Higher speeds than Wi-Fi. 10000 times the frequency spectrum of radio. More secure because data cannot be intercepted without a clear line of sight. Prevents piggybacking. Eliminates neighboring network interference. Unimpeded by radio interference.



Does not create interference in sensitive 4G LTE capabilities, as the new networks use 4G for electronics, making it better for use in initially establishing the connection with the cell, as well as in locations where 5G access is not available. environments like hospitals and aircraft.

By using LiFi in all the lights in and around a building, 5G can support up to a million devices per square the technology could enable greater area of coverage kilometer, while 4G supports only up to 100,000 than a single Wi-Fi router. Drawbacks to the devices per square kilometer. technology include the need for a clear line of sight, difficulties with mobility and the requirement that lights stay on for operation.

5G Internet: 5G is the fifth generation cellular network technology. The industry association 3GPP defines any system using "5G NR" (5G New Radio) software as "5G", a definition that came into general use by late 2018. 5G networks are digital cellular networks, in which the service area covered by providers is divided into small geographical areas called cells. Analog signals representing sounds and images are digitized in the phone, converted by an analog to digital converter and transmitted as a stream of bits. All the 5G wireless devices in a cell communicate by radio waves with a local antenna array and low power automated transceiver (transmitter and receiver) in the cell, over frequency channels assigned by the transceiver from a common pool of frequencies, which are reused in geographically separated cells. The local antennas are connected with the telephone network and the Internet by a high bandwidth optical fiber or wireless backhaul connection. Like existing cellphones, when a user crosses from one cell to another, their mobile device is automatically "handed off" seamlessly to the antenna in the new cell. The new 5G wireless devices also have

FUTURE INTERNET: HOW WILL IT LOOK IN 10 YEARS? The internet as it is today is something many of us take for granted. We’ve almost forgotten what it used to be like – slow, time-consuming with not as much content. And anyone old enough struggles to remember what it was like in times before we had the internet at all. The whole thing has made quite an advancement, a gradual one that we may not all have noticed. But is this as good as it gets? Is there more to come from the internet? Technology experts believe so and they predict a very exciting internet future and other future of internet technology which can lead us to multifunction future. a. b. c. d. e. f.

Internet usage increase. Better connection. Virtual and augmented reality. Cloud Computing. 5G LiFi Internet

The researcher think that the current internet in 2019 is progressing towards the 5G internet and it may not be far enough that the internet will progress to get to 6G internet in the future for more speedy and reliable

internet .Making the cities and countries and homes smarter.

2. CONCLUSI ON

and 3D applications. Network operators in the near future must provide convergent,

3. The new Internet holds the promise to support 5. dynamic network and visualization, adaptive scalability, networks security, that will reliability, operate in a mobile heterogeneo us, multi4. broadband services, applications,

multiprotocols, and

issues such as addressing, network virtualization , routing and traffic engineering, dynamic

6. multitechnology environment. Research activities on future Internet 8. switching architectures of optical and circuits, and protocols management must capabilities CONCLUSION: address 7. a range

wide of

This paper collects the challenges of the Current Internet, identifies the relevant extra capabilities of the Future Internet as of 2018 and 2019, As we enter the age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, a technological transformation driven by the internet, the challenge is to manage this seismic change in a way that promotes the long-term health

and stability of the internet. The interconnection of the Internet with the physical world through sensors and agents and the tagging of industrial production by RFIDs will lead to new traffic and architecture challenges, with possibly hundreds of billions of new devices that will collect information and will have to be upgraded and managed remotely and conveniently.

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