Types Of Phrases & Clauses

Types of Phrases & Clauses 1. 2. 3. 4.

Members of Group 3 : Dika Maknalia P (114140003) Faisal Adrian S (114140013) Endah Wilada Y(114140023) Kevin Philips B (114140033)

CLASS O / ENVIRONMENTAL

PHRASES Goal : A group of related words that is used as a single part of speech. Description : A phrase is a group of words that does not have both a subject and a predicate, so it is never a complete sentence.

Types of Phrases • Noun Phrases – Appositives – Gerunds – Infinitive • Participial

• Absolute • Prepositional • Adjective

Noun Phrase Goal : Noun phrases contain a noun and all of its modifiers. Describes : A noun phrase consists of a noun as the head word and other words (usually modifiers and determiners) which come after or before the noun. The whole phrase works as a noun in a sentence.

Examples of Noun Phrase : • He is wearing Korsa of Geo Environment • The boy with the book of earth • She brought a piece of land of indonesia country.

Appositive Describes : Appositives rename or describes another noun. Example: • His hobbies, hiking a mount, takes a lot of time • Ical ,the environmentalist, fixed the mining area

Gerunds Description : A gerund phrase consists of a gerund (verb + ing) and modifiers or other words associated with the gerund. A gerund phrase acts as a noun in a sentence.

Examples : • She started thinking about the problem for her essay.  • His talking about benefit of recycling to all audience. • I’m going to attending job interview from total company.

Infinitive • Description: An infinitive phrase consist of an infinitive (to + simple form of verb) and modifiers or other words associated to the infinitive. An infinitive phrase always functions as an adjective, adverb or a noun in a sentence.

Examples : • The best time to plant is at rainy season. • He shouted to inform people about fire. • He made a plan to waste water treatment plants.            

Participial phrase • Descption : Participial phrases have a participle. • Examples : 1. The people standing in line grew irritated. 2. Pupils being learned about Mineralogy and Petrology. 3. The government stopping the illegal loging.

Absolute phrase • Description : Absolute phrases are almost complete sentences. They contain a subject, but are missing a verb.

Examples : • Kiting hands hold mamat hands, he permit mamat to throw the trash littering. • Bagus run onto rubbish, beds of sweet forming on his forehead. • Reza saw his friend cutting down the tree, his face scowling.

Prepositional • Description : A prepositional phrase consists of a preposition, object of preposition (noun or pronoun) and may also consist of other modifiers. • Examples : 1. At ministry of environmental 2. Because of Rain Acid 3. A boy on the park is sweaping the leaf. 

Adjective phrase • Description : An adjective phrase is a group of words that functions like an adjective in a sentence. It consists of adjectives, modifier and any word that modifies a noun or pronoun.

Examples • We are collecting a flower to beautify our campus park • We were saddened by the news of minamata tragedy • I was delighted that he was choosen sustainable living

Clauses • Description : A clause is a group of words that contain BOTH a subject AND a verb. There are two main types of clauses, an independent clause, and a dependent clause.

Independent clause • Independent clauses contain a subject AND a verb AND contain a complete thought. • Example : jimmy use the public transportation.

Dependent clause • Description : Dependent clauses contain BOTH a subject and a verb BUT NOT A COMPLETE THOUGHT. They are introduced with a subordinating conjunction such as: because, although, since, if, etc. • Example : Since the global warming effect, jimmy use the public transportation

Exercises Identifying phrase & clauses 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

The ski lift broke after we got on it. Against the wall. For a while. Tomorrow we will go. Until the end of the week. Have gone running for an hour. Before you know it, it will be summer.

References • http:// www.studyandexam.com/clause-phra se.html • http:// www.grammarbook.com/grammar/clau se-phrase.asp