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UPSC PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS

DECODED SYLLABUS

AP -2241, 11th Main Road, Shanthi Colony, Anna Nagar West Chennai – 600 040, Tamil Nadu, Contact : 9962002006 www.shankariasacademy.com

INDEX Sl.No

Subjects

Page No

1.

History

3

2.

Geography

10

3.

Polity

18

4.

Economics

23

5.

Environment

26

6.

International Organisation

30

7.

Science and Technology

31

2

1. HISTORY ANCIENT INDIA DECODED SYLLABUS

Stone Age

Indus Valley Civilization- Bronze Age

Early Vedic Age (1500- 900 BCE)

Later Vedic Age (900 - 600 BCE)

Mahajanapadas / Age of Buddha (600-300 BCE)

Mauryan Empire

TOPICS

SOURCES

Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic - Occupation, Tools, Pottery, Settlements, Lifestyle, Prehistoric Art (Cave paintings).

Primary - Old NCERT Class 11

Chalcolithic - Early towns and settlements, Farming Cultures (Ahar, Malwa, Jorwe etc) , Pottery (Ochre colored), Dwelling and Burial practices

Themes in Indian History Part I

Origin, Geographical Extent, Cities and towns, Urban planning, Important structures, Agriculture, Trade and economy, Political organisation, Religious practices- Nature and animal worship , Crafts and Pottery, Seals , Bronze and terracotta figurines, Decline and its causes.

Advent of Aryans, Family and kinship - Tribal , Rig Veda, Social Practices, Tribal Polity and administration. Occupation and economy, Religion and Vedic Gods.

Chapter 5,6 Secondary - Tamil Nadu History book Class 11 Primary - Old NCERT Class 11 Chapter 7 Themes in Indian History Part I Secondary - Tamil Nadu History book Class 11 Primary - Old NCERT Class 11 Chapter 8 Themes in Indian History Part I Secondary - Tamil Nadu History book Class 11

Transition to Later Vedic Age , Developments in Political Organisation and Economy, Social Order ( Rise of Gotra system, Ashramas, Caste ), Differences between Rig Vedic and Later Vedic society, Use of Iron- PGW Iron Phase, Vedas and Upanishads, Religion and rituals.

Primary - Old NCERT Class 11 Chapter 9, 25

Heterodox Philosophical systems.

Nitin Singhania book Chapter 14

(a) Rise of State polity, 2nd Urbanisation- Rise of new cities, Magadhan Empire - Administration & Economy , Republican States , Society and Religion , Iranian & Macedonian invasion. (b) Jainism and Buddhism- Birth of Mahavira / Buddha, Orgin and Spread, Doctrines and Principles, Monastic establishments (Basadis/ Viharas), Jain & Buddhist Councils, Art and Architecture , Literature.

Themes in Indian History Part I Secondary - Tamil Nadu History book Class 11

Primary - Old NCERT Class 11 Chapter 10, 11,12,13 Themes in Indian History Part I - Nitin Singhania Book Secondary - Tamil Nadu History book Class 11

Rise of the Mauryan dynasty, Chandragupta Maurya, Administation, bureaucracy, taxation and polity, Chanakya's Arthashastra.

Primary - Old NCERT Class 11 Chapter 14,15

Ashoka - Inscriptions (minor and major rock edicts ) , Art and Architechure, Ashoka's Dhamma and patronage of Buddhism.

Secondary - Tamil Nadu History book Class 11

(a) Sungas and Kanwas. (b) Central Asian Invasions - Indo Greeks, Shakas, Parthians, Post Mauryan Age Kushans. Their Impact- Money Economy, expansion in trade, silk route. Influx of foreign elements in polity, army, crafts.

Themes in Indian History Part I

Primary - Old NCERT Class 11 Chapter 16, 17,19 Themes in Indian History Part I Secondary - Tamil Nadu History

3

Religious Devilments- Mahayana Buddhism, Gandhara and Mathura school of art, Science & Technology, Literature.

book Class 11

(c) Satavahanas- Polity and administration, Economy, Social Organisation , Religious Patronage, Art and Architecture. Megaliths and Sangam Age

Guptan Age

Megalithic culture- burials, pottery, tools, settlements.

Primary - Old NCERT Class 11 Chapter 18

Sangam Age- Tamil Sangam literature , Chera, Chola and Pandyas, Evolution of early Tamil polity and society from Sangam Literature.

Themes in Indian History Part I

Rise of the Guptas, Expansion and Administration, Trade and economy, Societal practices and status of women, Religion, Art and Architecture, Developments in Science and technology.

Primary - Old NCERT Class 11 Chapter 20,21

Religious Literature- Ramayana, Mahabharata, Puranas. Secular Works- Works of Court poets like Kalidasa, Bhasa etc Scientific works of Aryabhata, Varahamihra etc. Decline of Guptas.

Secondary - Tamil Nadu History book Class 11

Harshavardhana- Polity, Land Grants and its impact, Social conditions, Harsha and Buddhism, Hiuen Tsang visit and account of India.

Post Guptas

Literature- Works of Bhana & Harsha.

Pallavas & Chalukyas in South

Secondary - Tamil Nadu History book Class 11

Pallavas and Chalukyas in South. Administration and economy. Chalukya art, Pallava art and Literary works.

Themes in Indian History Part I

Primary - Old NCERT Class 11 Chapter 23 Secondary - Tamil Nadu History book Class 11 Primary - Old NCERT Class 11 Chapter 24 Themes in Indian History Part I Secondary - Tamil Nadu History book Class 11

MEDIEVAL INDIA DECODED SYLLABUS

TOPICS

th

Chola Empire (9 th 12 century )

Ghaznavid and Turkish Invasions (1000-1200 CE)

The rise of Cholas, Administration and taxation, Territorial Expansion, Society and Culture. Chola Art & Architecture.

SOURCES Primary - Old NCERT Class 11 Chapter 3 - Themes in Indian History Part II Secondary - Tamil Nadu History book Class 11

Coming of Ghaznavids, Status of Rajput States and reasons for defeat, Ghurid invasion . Alberuni’s Kitab-ul-Hind.

Primary - Old NCERT Class 11 Chapter 5 Themes in Indian History Part II Secondary - Tamil Nadu History book Class 11

Delhi Sultanate (1200-1400 CE)

Nature of the State, Administration of Delhi Sultanate, State Departments and various posts, Military reforms. Land revenue and taxation, local and village administration, Cities and towns. Trade and crafts, Agriculture, export & imports, Economic and social life. Religion and customs under the Sultanate, Scientific advancements.

Primary - Old NCERT Class 11 Chapter 6,7,8 Themes in Indian History Part II Secondary - Tamil Nadu History book Class 11

4

Art and Architecture of Delhi Sultanate, Construction and rise of new Cities. Accounts of foreign travellers like Ibn Batutta, Court poets and Historians like Amir Khusrau, Barauni etc. The Mamluks (1206-1290) – Qutb-ud-din Aibak, Iltutmish – Chagalani system, Raziya Sultana, Balban- Policies and administration, Mongol menace, Khaljis (1290-1320), The Tughlaqs(1320-1414), The Sayyid dynasty (1414- 1451), The Lodis( 1451-1526). Vijayanagara and Bahmini Kingdom

Rise of Vijayanagara State, Harihara and Bukkaraya, Political Organisation - Nayaka System, Social life and Economy, Krishna Devaraya- administration and foreign policy, Literary works , Architechure of Vijajanagara- Structures of Hampi.

Primary - Old NCERT Class 11 Chapter 9

Visit of Foreign travellers- Nicolo Conti, Abdul Razack, Nuniz, Barbossa.

Themes in Indian History Part II Secondary - Tamil Nadu History book Class 11

Bahmini Kingdom- Polity & Internal Conflicts, Administration and Economy. Conflict with Vijayanagara- Battle of Talikotta , Rise of Deccani culture, Architechure of Bahminis, Disintegration of Bahminis. Annexation by Mughal empire. Arrival of Portuguese, Impact on Indian Politics, trade and economy. Relationship with Indian rulers. Religious and Cultural Developments in India( 1200- 1500 CE)

Rise of concept of Bhakti, Vaishnavites and Saiviites in South (Alwars and Nayanmars), Shankaracharya and Ramanuja, Bhakthi movements in North India and Maharashtra . Saguna and Nirguna schools, Bhakthi Saints and Poets, Bhakti Literature, Impact on Social life.

Themes in Indian History Part II Secondary - Tamil Nadu History book Class 11

Sufi movements- Basic concept, 12 orders or Silsilahs, Sufi saints- Nizamuddin Auliya, Moinuddin Chisti, Baba Farid. Sufi impact on Indian arts, culture and society. 1526-1555 Babar(1526-1530), First Battle of Panipat, Battle of Kanwa , Babar Nama. Humayun (1530- 1535, 1555-56) Suri dynasty (1535- 1555) – SherShah’s reign, Administration and land revenue policy , Law & Order, Economic Reforms.

Mughal Empire

Primary - Old NCERT Class 11 Chapter 11

1556-1707 Akbar’s Reign (1556-1605) - Second battle of Panipat, Early expansion under Bairam khan, Administration and Polity, Mughal army, Land revenue system of TodarMal, Mansabdari System and political organisation, Akbar’s Rajput Policy, Religious tolerance and social reforms.

Primary - Old NCERT Class 11 Chapter 12,13,14, 15,16,17,18,19 Themes in Indian History Part II Secondary - Tamil Nadu History book Class 11

Economic and Social Conditions- City and village life, Zamindars and peasantry, Religious ideas, status of women.

5

Arabic and Persian Literature, Account of court Historians and Poets, Foreign accounts of travellers on Mughal society and polity. Mughal Arts- Miniature Painting, Mughal Architecture and Monuments. Traditional crafts, Export and imports, Science and Technology. Disintegration of Mughal Empire (1707-1856) Deccan Conquests of Aurangazeb- Impact. Causes of disintegration.

Rise of Marathas

Maratha expansion under Shivaji, Maratha army and administration, Chauth and Sardeshmukhi, Conflict with Mughals and other Deccan powers.

Primary - Old NCERT Class 11 Chapter 19 - Themes in Indian History Part II Secondary - Tamil Nadu History book Class 11

ART & CULTURE DECODED SYLLABUS

TOPICS

SOURCES

IVC- Various sites associated with Architecture. Their significance and location. Sculptures, figurines & seals.

Indian Art & Architecture

Mauryan Architecture- Ashokan Pillars, Stupas, Cave Architecture- Chaitiyas & Viharas, Sculptures.

Ancient & Medieval Primary - Old NCERT Class 11

Post Mauryan – Features of three schools of art- Gandhara, Mathura, Amaravati. Rock cut caves.

Nitin Singhania Book Chapter 1

Gupta period- Cave Architecture- Ajanta, Ellora, Bagh, Nasik etc Temple Architecture – Nagara Style.

SIA Book

Temple Architecture in South India -Pallava style, Dravidian Style- Chola temples, Vesara Style, Nayaka school, Hoysala Style, Pala school of temples.

The Hindu - MetroPlus

Medieval / Islamic Architecture- Delhi Sultanate- Different characteristics and introduction of new features of various dynasties- The Mamluks, Khiljis, Lodhis. Mughal Architecture – Features and important structures. Provincial Styles- Bengal, Malwa, Rajputana.

Indian Paintings

Prehistoric Paintings Cave paintings in Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic, Chacolithic periods. Their location, colors, themes. Mural Paintings- Ajanta, Ellora, Sittanavasal etc. Miniature paintings – Mughal Era

Ancient & Medieval Primary - Old NCERT Class 11

6

Regional Paintings Different Schools- Rajasthani, Pahari, Kishangarh, Bundi, Kangra, Basholi, Tanjore. Folk Paintings Madhubani, Pattachitra, Kalighat,Pattua, Kalamkari, Warli etc. Indian Music

Dance Forms

Indian Theatre

Indian Puppetry

Fairs & Festivals

Indian Literature

Classical Music- Hindustani and Carnatic Forms- Their features and styles. Folk Music- Pandwani, Lavani,Dandiya,Wanawan, Khonjom Parwa etc. 8 Classical dance forms- Bharatanatyam, Kuchipudi, Mohiniyattam, Odissi, Kathakali, Sattriya, Manipuri, Kathak. Folk dances- Chauu, Raslila,Garba,Dandiya,Ghoomar,Padayani etc Ritual theatres of different traditions like Ankianat, Ramlila. Entertainment theatre forms- Tamasha, Nautanki, Swang etc.

Nitin Singhania Book Chapter 2 SIA Book The Hindu – Metro Plus

Ancient & Medieval Primary - Old NCERT Class 11

Nitin Singhania Book Chapter 5,6 Nitin Singhania Book The Hindu - Friday Review Ancient & Medieval Primary - Old NCERT Class 11 Nitin Singhania Book Chapter 7 SIA Book

String Puppets- Kathputli, Bommalatam. Shadow PuppetsRavanChayya, Togalu Gombayetta. Rod puppets-Putul Nautch, Yampuri.

Nitin Singhania Book Chapter 8 SIA Book

Important Tribal and Northeast festivals. Ex- Losar, Wangala, Bihu.

Nitin Singhania Book Chapter 18 SIA Book

Ancient India – Vedas, Brahmanas, Aranyakas, Upanishads, Ramayana, Mahabharata, Puranas.

Ancient & Medieval Primary - Old NCERT Class 11

Sanskrit Literature - Prose, Drama & Poetry - Works of court poets like Kalidasa, Sudraka, Bhasa of Ancient , Medival India. Pali & Prakrit Literature Jain texts- Angas, Upangas. Buddhist – Canonical (Tripitakas) and non-canonical (Jatakas).

Nitin Singhania Book Chapter 13 SIA Book

Persian/ Arabic Literature - Works of court historians of Delhi Sultanate, Mughals, Bahminis. Ex-Ain-i-Akbari by Abul Fazl, Tarikh-i-Firozshahi by Barauni. FOCUS AREAS - (Conceptual Clarity + Facts) 1) 2)

IVC- Presence/ absence of items or practices, sites . Ancient/ Medieval terms- Professions, govt departments

3)

Timeline/ Contemporaries

4)

Sites/ports - significance & location

5)

Literary works /recent trend

6)

Religious doctrines – in news

7)

Buddhism, Jainism( 1 question/min)

8)

Architecture/ Inscriptions

9)

Communities / States & Their Festivals

7

MODERN INDIA DECODED SYLLABUS

TOPICS

SOURCES

Advent of Europeans -

Portuguese, French, Dutch, English and Danish Anglo-French wars and carnatic wars

Weak Mughal Rulers post Aurangazeb Before revolt

Conquest and Establishment of British Empire -

Revolt of 1857

Socio Religious Movements Modern Nationalism

INC- Moderate Phase

Rise of Regional Kingdoms- Bengal, Hyderabad, Awadh Battle of Plassey, Buxar Mysore , Maratha, Sikh, Afghan wars Innovative Administrative polices Ringfence, subsidiary alliance and doctrine of lapse

Causes, spread , nature and consequences Important personalities and area of revolt

Old NCERT XII Chapter -1,2,3,4,5,6 Spectrum- Chapter -3,4,5 Themes in Indian History Part III

Old NCERT XII Chapter 8 Spectrum- Chapter 7 Themes in Indian History Part III Old NCERT XII Chapter 6,7,13 ,

Important associations and leader

Spectrum- Chapter 8 & 9 Themes in Indian History Part III

Pre-INC organizations, Newspapers Factors for growth of Modern Nationalism

Old NCERT XII Chapter 12 Spectrum- Chapter 10 Themes in Indian History Part III

Foundation of INC

Old NCERT XII Chapter 12,14

Approach, Ideology, Important leaders and contributionseconomic criticism of British Rule

Spectrum- Chapter 11 Themes in Indian History Part III

Rise of extremism, Partition of Bengal Extremist Phase (1905-1918) Revolutionary Activism (19071917)

Anti- Partition, Swadeshi Movement Surat Split

Old NCERT XII Chapter 14

Minto - Morley reforms

Spectrum- Chapter 12 & 13

Bengal, Maharastra, Punjab, Abroad

Themes in Indian History Part III

Imp leaders and activities World War I and response

World events and Nationalist response

Home Rule Movement

Old NCERT XII Chapter 15

Lucknow Pact

Spectrum- Chapter 14, 15

Russian Revolution and impact

Themes in Indian History Part III

Montague Chelmsford Reforms

8

Emergence of Gandhi

Experience in South Africa Emergence of Satyagraha Technique Experiments in India Champaran, Kheda and Ahmedabad

Non cooperation Movement

Rowlatt Act, Jallianwala bagh massacre Khilafat movement NCM Participation of masses and withdrawal

Old NCERT XII Chapter 15 Spectrum- Chapter 16, 15 Themes in Indian History Part III

Phase in between NCM and CDM

Swarajists and No-changers Emergence of socialist, Marxist ideas Peasant , Trade and caste movements Revolutionary Activity- II

Old NCERT XII Chapter 15 Spectrum- Chapter 17 Themes in Indian History Part III

Civil Disobedience Movement

Run up to CDM Simon Commission Nehru Report and response Lahore session and Poorna Swaraj Spread of CDM Govt Response- Gandhi- Irwin Pact Round Table Conferences (RTC) Communal Award- Poona Pact Gandhi Harijan Campaign

Post CDM

GOI Act 1935 Council Entry and Congress Performance Congress Rule in Provinces

1939- 1947

Nationalist Response to WW II Bose- Gandhi- Nehru Ideologies August offer, Individual Satyagraha, Cripps Mission Quit India Movement- Resolution and Mass participation Wavell Plan INA (1st phase and Bose arrival), trials Elections- Congress and League's performance Cabinet Mission Plan Atlee Statement, Mountbatten plan India Independence Act and Partition India - Post Independence

Old NCERT XII Chapter 15 Spectrum- Chapter 19 Themes in Indian History Part III

Old NCERT XII Chapter 15 Spectrum- Chapter 20, 21 Themes in Indian History Part III

Old NCERT XII Chapter 15 Spectrum- Chapter 22, 23, 24, 25 Themes in Indian History Part III

NOTE TOPIC

PRIMARY SOURCE

SECONDARY SOURCE

ANCIENT & MEDIEVAL INDIA

Old NCERT Class 11 Themes in Indian History Part I and II

Tamil Nadu History book Class 11

ART & CULTURE

Ancient & Medieval Old NCERT Class 11

Nitin Singhania Book

MODERN INDIA

Spectrum Old NCERT Class 12 Themes in Indian History Part I and II

9

2. GEOGRAPHY GEOMORPHOLOGY DECODED SYLLABUS

TOPICS

SOURCES

Solar System

Planets, stars, satellites, etc.

6th NCERT – Chapter I

Earth

Latitude and Longitude including important Parallels and Meridians. Motions of the Earth - Rotation, Revolution and their effects. Inclination of the Earth’s Axis and its effects. Local and Standard Time and the International Date Line, Calendar. Eclipses - Solar, Lunar

6th NCERT – Chapter II & III

Interior of the Earth

Sources of Information – Direct, Indirect - Earth Quake Waves, Volcanoes, etc. Crust Mantle Core

7th NCERT – Chapter II th 11 NCERT (Fundamentals of Physical geography) – Chapter II & III

Rocks & landforms Rocks & Soils Types of Rocks – Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic. Rock Cycle

11 NCERT (Fundamentals of physical geography) – Chapter V

Waves – P waves, S waves, Body and Surface waves. Shadow Zone Types of Earthquakes and Effects

11 NCERT (Fundamentals of physical geography) – Chapter III

Rocks

Earthquakes

th

th

9th NCERT – Chapter II 11th NCERT (Fundamentals of physical geography) – Chapter VI & VII

Types Volcano Landforms

th

Distribution of Continents & Oceans

Landforms in India and across the world

Theories and evidences. Forces of drifting. Plate tectonics. Plate boundaries – Divergent, Convergent and Transform.

9 NCERT – Chapter II & III th 11 NCERT (Fundamentals of physical geography) – Chapter IV 11th NCERT (India physical environment) – Chapter II & III

Rivers and lakes. Mountain and Peaks. Plateaus, etc.

Map reading – Refer Atlas.

MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS Diastrophism Geomorphic Processes

Endogenic Process Volcanism Exogenic Forces

Orogenic, Epierogenic, Earthquakes, Plate movements Pacific ring of fire, etc.

11th NCERT (Fundamentals of physical geography) – Chapter VI & VII

Weathering, Mass movements Erosion

10

Transportation & Deposition Landforms and their Evolution

Erosional landforms Depositional landforms

Agents and their Impacts - Wind, Running Water, Ground Water, Glaciers, Waves & Currents

11th NCERT (Fundamentals of physical geography) – Chapter VII

CLIMATOLOGY DECODED SYLLABUS Composition of atmosphere Structure of atmosphere

TOPICS

th

Gases, Water Vapour, Dust Particles, etc.

Exosphere, Thermosphere , Mesosphere , Stratosphere, Troposphere, Altitude vs Temperature

Solar Radiation, Heat Balance and Temperature

Insolation Aphelion and Perihelion Variability of Insolation at the surface of the Earth Day Season Year Rotation on Axis, Angle of Inclination of sun rays, Length of the day, Transparency of Atmosphere, Configuration of land in terms of its aspect.

Heat Balance

Heating and cooling of atmosphere

Conduction, Convection, Advection

Radiation and heat budget

Albedo Shortwave Radiation Long wave Earth Radiation

Temperature

SOURCES 7 NCERT – Chapter IV th 9 NCERT – Chapter IV 11th NCERT (Fundamentals of physical geography) – Chapter VIII th 11 NCERT (India physical environment) – Chapter IV

11th NCERT (Fundamentals of physical geography) – Chapter IX

11th NCERT (Fundamentals of physical geography) – Chapter IX

Factors controlling Temperature distribution Inversion of Temperature Adiabatic Lapse Rate and Latent Heat of Condensation

Atmospheric Circulation and Weather Systems

General Circulation of the Atmosphere –

Atmospheric Pressure Belts and Wind Systems Atmospheric Pressure Vertical variation of pressure Horizontal distribution of pressure World Distribution of Sea Level Pressure Pressure Gradient Force, Frictional Force, Coriolis Factors affecting the velocity Force, Pressure and Wind and direction of the wind. (Cyclonic & Anticyclone Circulation) Latitudinal Variation of Atmospheric Heating Emergence of Pressure Belts Migration of Belts Following apparent Path of Sun

th

9 NCERT – Chapter IV 11th NCERT (Fundamentals of physical geography) – Chapter X

11

Pattern of Planetary Winds

Distribution of continents & Oceans Rotation of the Earth Geostrophic Wind, Jet Streams & Rossby Waves Major Jet Steams: Subtropical Jet Stream & Polar Jet Stream Air Mass and Air masses based on Source Regions

Circulation

Water in the Atmosphere

th

Simplified Global Circulation – Hadley Cell, Ferrell Cell. Seasonal Wind, Local Wind, Land and Sea Breezes, Mountain and Valley winds, AIR MASS – fronts, Extra Tropical Cyclone, Thunderstorms, Tornadoes, etc.

Water Vapour, Precipitation, Humidity – Absolute and Relative. Saturation – Dew Point Evaporation and Condensation.

Clouds

Water in the Atmosphere

Precipitation Types of Rainfall

Important climatic phenomena and its effects. World Climate

7 NCERT – Chapter IV th 11 NCERT (Fundamentals of physical geography) – Chapter X & XI GC Leong – Chapter XIII & XIV

11th NCERT (Fundamentals of physical geography) – Chapter XI

Dew, Frost, Fog & Mist, etc. Types – Cirrus Cumulus, Stratus Nimbus. High – Cirrus Cirrostratus Cirrocumulus Middle – Altostratus Altocumulus Low – Stratocumulus Nimbostratus Vertical Development – Cumulus and Cumulonimbus Rainfall , Snowfall , Sleet , Hail Hailstones, etc. Conventional, Orographic, Cyclonic World Distribution of Rainfall

11th NCERT (Fundamentals of physical geography) – Chapter XI GC Leong – Chapter XIII

11th NCERT (Fundamentals of physical geography) – Chapter XI

ENSO and LA Nina, IOD, Polar vortex, etc.

IMD and earth sciences ministry websites.

Hot, Wet Equatorial Climate Tropical Monsoon and Tropical Marine Climates Savanna or Sudan Climate Hot Desert and Mid-Latitude Desert Climates Warm Temperate Western Margin (Mediterranean) Climate Temperate Continental (Steppe) Climate Warm Temperate Eastern Margin (China Type) Climate Cool Temperate Western Margin (British Type) Climate Cool Temperate Continental (Siberian) Climate Cool Temperate Eastern Margin (Laurentian) Climate Arctic or Polar Climate

GC Leong – Chapter XV to XXV

12

OCEANOGRAPHY DECODED SYLLABUS

TOPICS

SOURCES

Relief of the Ocean floor Continental Shelf, Continental Slope Divisions of the Deep sea plain, Oceanic deep and Trenches, ocean floor etc. Minor relief features

Mid oceanic ridges, Seamount, Submarine, canyons, Guy outs, Atoll, etc. Vertical, Spatial

Oceans

Temperature of the Ocean Water

Salinity of the Ocean Water

Factors affecting Temperature distribution

Latitude Unequal distribution of land & Water Prevailing wind Ocean Currents

Horizontal & Vertical Distribution

Thermo cline 3 layers

Factors affecting salinity

Evaporation and precipitation Fresh water flow from rivers Wind Ocean currents, etc.

th

11 NCERT (Fundamentals of physical geography) – Chapter XIII

Horizontal and vertical distribution of salinity Factors influencing Movement

Temperature, Salinity, Density Sun moon winds.

Motion – Horizontal & Vertical Currents. Waves

Movements of ocean Water

Relation between Gravitational Forces and Tides

Tidal currents Types of Tides Importance of Tides

Ocean Currents

Types of ocean currents Surface currents &Deep water currents based on Depth Cold and Warm Currents based on Temperature Major Ocean currents of the World Effects of Ocean Currents

th

11 NCERT (Fundamentals of physical geography) – Chapter XIV

13

BIOGEOGRAPHY DECODED SYLLABUS

TOPICS

SOURCES

Soil Characteristics Factors Responsible for Soil Formation Stages of Soil Formation Soil Forming Processes Soil Profiles and Horizons Soil Classification Soil Erosion and Conservation

Soil

Natural vegetations

Wild life

11th NCERT (India physical environment) – Chapter VI

th

9 NCERT – Chapter V th 10 NCERT – Chapter II 11th NCERT (Fundamentals of physical geography) – Chapter XV 11th NCERT (India physical environment) – Chapter V

Types of forest and their distribution Classification of forests Flora

Types, Distribution, Status, etc.

Fauna

ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY (FOR DATA REFER UPDATED SOURCES. EX- OFFICIAL WEBSITES) DECODED SYLLABUS

TOPICS

SOURCES

Distribution of minerals. Important mining regions Mineral resources

th

th

Complete 8 and 10 NCERTs.

Distribution, production and international trade of Metallic and non-metallic minerals. Conservation Production of conventional energy Reserves and sources of energy

Coal

Energy resources

Nature and origin of coal. Constituents and kinds of coal. Coal fields and coal production. By products of coal. Conservation of Coal Petroleum.

Nature and properties of petroleum Origin and recovery, Exploration. Petroleum refining, Petroleum reserves Natural gas Reserves and Production Petroleum

Hydro-electricity Atomic (nuclear) energy

Distribution of potential hydro-power. Hydro-electric power generation. World distribution of uranium. Production of uranium, Thorium.

th

8 NCERT – Chapter III th 10 NCERT – Chapter V th 12 NCERT (India people and economy) – Chapter VII

th

8 NCERT – Chapter III th 10 NCERT – Chapter V

14

Energy resources

Industrial distribution

Non-conventional sources of energy Iron and Steel Industry Textile Industry Chemical Industry Agro-industries Pulp and paper industry Cement industry Petroleum refining industry Industrial Regions

Land resource

Agriculture Productivity of Crops and conditions for growth

Transportation

Production of atomic (nuclear) energy, Important nuclear reactor sites. Solar energy, Wind energy, Geothermal power, Tidal energy Wave energy, Biomass energy, etc.

Road Rail Air Inland water ways

Essential conditions, Location, development and distribution. Factors of production.

Characteristics, Principal industrial regions of India and the world. Land-use Land capability classification Causes of Land Degradation. Impact of Land Degradation. Steps taken by Government. Sustainable Land Management Crops - Wheat, Rice, Maize (Corn) Barley, Beverages – Tea, Coffee, Tobacco, Cotton, Jute, Raw Silk Natural Rubber, Sugarcane.

th

12 NCERT (India people and economy) – Chapter VII

th

8 NCERT – Chapter V th 10 NCERT – Chapter VI th 12 NCERT (India people and economy) – Chapter VIII

th

8 NCERT – Chapter II th 10 NCERT – Chapter IV th 12 NCERT (India people and economy) – Chapter V

Conditions of growth. Varieties, Methods of cultivation, Production pattern, International trade. Important national highways, railways and national ways and their locations. Golden quadrilateral. Diamond quadrilateral.

th

10 NCERT – Chapter VII th 12 NCERT (India people and economy) – Chapter X & XI

SOCIAL GEOGRAPHY Population distribution

Factors of population distribution— Physical factors, Socio-cultural factors and Demographic factors, etc. World population distribution. Population density Determinants of population growth

Characteristics of population

Age composition Population pyramids Sex composition Literacy, etc.

Demography

12th NCERT (Human geography) – Chapter II, III, IV 12th NCERT (India people and economy) – Chapter I, II, III

All these topics should be done parallelly for both India and the world geography. Give due and more focus on Physical Geography and map reading for both India and the world.

15

INDIAN PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY th

Location

Mainland, oceans and islands extensions

Structure

The Peninsular Block The Himalayas and other Peninsular Mountains Indo-Ganga-Brahmaputra Plain.

9 NCERT – Chapter I th 12 NCERT (India physical environment) – Chapter I

th

The Northern and North-eastern Mountains The Northern Plain Physiography

9 NCERT – Chapter II th 12 NCERT (India physical environment) – Chapter II

The Peninsular Plateau The Indian Desert The Coastal Plains The Islands Himalayan drainage system

Source or Origin

Peninsular drainage system

Distributaries Dams and irrigation canals Hydroelectric projects

Smaller Rivers Flowing Towards the West

Water ways Flows through state, national parks, WLS, etc.

Small Rivers Flowing towards the East

Border sharing Important Drainage Patterns

Factors determining the climate of India

Factors related to Location and Relief Factors Related to Air Pressure and Wind

Drainage systems

Climate

Tributaries

Mechanism of Weather in the Winter Season Mechanism of Weather in the Summer Season Mechanism of South west monsoon Mechanism of retreating monsoon

The rhythm of seasons

th

9 NCERT – Chapter III th 12 NCERT (India physical environment) – Chapter III

th

9 NCERT – Chapter IV, V th 12 NCERT (India physical environment) – Chapter IV, V, VI

The cold weather seasons The hot weather seasons The southwest monsoon seasons The retreating monsoon seasons

16

Famous Local Storms of Hot Weather Season Characteristics of Monsoonal Rainfall Traditional Indian seasons Distribution of Rainfall Climatic Regions of India

Forest

Types of forests, their climatic conditions, characteristics and their distribution

Tropical Evergreen and Semi Evergreen forests Tropical Deciduous forests Tropical Thorn forests Montane forests Littoral and Swamp forests.

Classification of soils Soil

Soil genesis and characteristics Distribution

Agriculture

Types of Farming Cropping Seasons in India Cropping pattern Agro climate of India Conditions required for crop cultivation Irrigation system

8 NCERT – Chapter IV th 10 NCERT – Chapter IV th 12 NCERT (India people and economy) – Chapter V

Resources – their distribution

Forest and Wildlife Resources Water Resources Minerals and Energy Resources

8 NCERT – Chapter II, III th 10 NCERT – Chapter II, III, V th 12 NCERT (India people and economy) – Chapter V, VI, VII

Primary, secondary and tertiary

8 NCERT – Chapter V th 10 NCERT – Chapter VI th 12 NCERT (India people and economy) – Chapter VIII

th

th

th

Industries

QUESTIONS FROM PREVIOUS YEAR PRELIMS PAPERS Minimum number of states to cross from origin and destination.

Ex - Kottayam to Kohima.

Physical features and their extension

Ex - Himalayas extends over five states only.

Geographical proximities

Ex - Island which is close to Nicobar.

Unique geographical feature particular to specific location

Ex - water receding in Chandipur.

Degradation of water bodies

Ex - Aral Sea shrinking.

Latitudinal and longitudinal proximities

Ex - City longitudinally closest to Delhi

Countries sharing border with sea/ocean.

Ex - Black Sea

Focus Areas: Indian physical geography with special focus on north eastern region. Agriculture. Map reading – west Asia, south and south East Asia.

17

3. POLITY CONSTITUTION AND PANCHAYAT RAJ CONSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK DECODED SYLLABUS

TOPICS

REFERENCE

Historical background and

Features of each act from 1773 to 1947 (All acts are very

making of

important)

constitution Salient features Preamble

Philosophical basis for each feature such as democracy, liberty. Content, objective and its amendment

PRIMARY SOURCE : NCERT (NEW) Class 11 political theory -1 chapters(all) Class 11 Indian Constitution at work

Union and its territory Citizenship

Fundamental rights(FR)

Procedure for creation of new state, UT.

chapters 1, 2, 9 and 10. Laxmikanth’s Indian polity

Features like single citizenship and link with topics like qualification to become President of India. Focus on NRC .

Chapters 1 to 11 SECONDARY SOURCE :

Writs, Constitutional

Class 6 social & political life-1

Remedies, Rights outside part 3, Relate each Fundamental

chapters 1 and 2

Right in Current affairs like privacy, right to marry.

Class 7 social & political life-2 chapters 1 and 10

Directive Principles

Purpose, list, important amendment, non-justiciability,

Class 8 social and political life-3

of State Policy(DPSP)

comparison of Preamble vs FR vs DPSP vs FD

chapter 1

and Fundamental

Class 9 democratic politics-1

Duties(FD)

chapters 1,2 and 3. Types, Which type of amendment is required for amending

Amendment

certain part, article or schedule. Important amendments :

Class 10 Democratic politics-2 chapters 3, 7 and 8.

1st, 25th, 39th, 42nd, 44th, 69th, 73rd, 74th, 77th, 81st, 85th, 91st to recent amendments.

Basic structure

Origin, list & purpose, constitutionality

18

SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT Parliamentary system

Features of parliamentary government

Federal system

Federal and unitary features Trends in centre state relations – frequently in news like GST, president rule and similar related

Centre state

issues.

relations

Punchhi commission recommendations & Sarkaria commission recommendations. NITI AAYOG'S role in centre state relations.

Inter-state relations

River water sharing disputes, Inter-state and Zonal councils

Emergency

President rule, Financial emergency

Primary source : Class 11 Indian Constitution at work chapter 7 Laxmikanth’s Indian polity Chapters 12-16 and Current affairs. Secondary source : Class 10 Democratic politics-2 chapters 1 and 2

provisions

EXECUTIVE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT President

Executive Powers and functions of the President, Ordinance.

Vice president Prime Minister and council of ministers Attorney general of india Cabinet secretary

PM’S relationship with President and Council of ministers Individual and collective responsibility of council of ministers powers and functions.

Powers and functions of Cabinet secretary STATE GOVERNMENT

Governor

Executive Functions, appointment, Governor Vs State Govt. Vs Central Government Relationship.

Chief minister and Council of Ministers

CM’S relationship with Governor and Council of Ministers

Advocate general of state

Powers and Functions

Chief secretary

Powers and Functions of Chief Secretary.

Primary source : Class 11 Indian Constitution at work chapter 4 Laxmikanth’s Indian polity Chapters 17-20,26-28,46,47 and Current affairs. Secondary source : Class 7 Social & Political life-2 Chapter 2

19

LEGISLATURE

Parliament

Speaker, Chairman, joint sitting, money bill, budget, comparison of Rajya Sabha Vs Lok Sabha, parliamentary committees, devices in parliamentary proceedings like censure motion, privileges and general rules of business. Acts/laws in current affairs such as labour laws, codes.

State legislature

Legislative council vs assembly, Bills referred to the President and general rules of business.

Primary source: Class 11 Indian Constitution at work Chapter 5 Laxmikanth’s Indian polity Chapters 22-24,29. PRS website : http://www.prsindia.org/ IAS Parliament : https://www.iasparliament.com/ Secondary source : Class 8 social and political life-3 chapters 3 and 4

JUDICIARY Supreme court

Independence of supreme court, Jurisdiction like centre-state disputes, Judicial review, Enforcement of FR.

Tribunals

Recently in news like NGT, Administrative tribunal.

High court and subordinate courts

Jurisdiction , Writs of Supreme Vs High Court

National and state legal service authority, Gram nyayalaya act

Functions and powers.

Primary source : Class 11 Indian Constitution at work chapter 6 Laxmikanth’s Indian polity Chapters 25, 30 and 31. Secondary source : Class 8 social and political life-3 Chapters 5 and 6

LOCAL GOVERNMENT (PANCHAYAT RAJ)

Panchayats

Municipality

Evolution, Functions, 73rd amendment Vs 74th amendment Compulsory and voluntary provision, Basic schemes related to rural development. Give more focus to panchayat than municipality.

Types of Urban government, Difficulties faced by urban government in fulfilling the aspirations of people(current affairs and internet) eg. Water scarcity in urban region, pollution. Basic schemes related to urban development

Class 11 Indian Constitution at work chapter 8 Laxmikanth’s Indian polity chapter 34,35. Ministry website related to Panchayat Raj, Rural & Urban Development (Refer only schemes) https://www.panchayat.gov.in/ http://mohua.gov.in/ https://rural.nic.in/

20

UNION TERRITORY

Union territory

State legislature vs union territory Legislature State governor vs UT’S administrator UT’S ADMINISTRATOR vs CM AND COUNCIL OF MINISTERS

Laxmikanth’s Indian Polity Chapter 36. Current affairs.

SPECIAL STATUS & PROVISION, SPECIAL AREAS AND SCHEDULE 1-12 Special status & Provision, Special areas and schedule 1-12

Special status to J & K – article 370,35A. Who can modify acts, rules for 5th and 6th schedule areas. List of states coming under 5th & 6th schedule. schedule 1-12 basics.

Laxmikanth's Indian Polity Chapter 32 & 37. Refer schedule 1-12 in 3rd Chapter

CONSTITUTIONAL AND NON CONSTITUTIONAL BODIES

Constitutional and Non Constitutional Bodies

Give more focus to bodies which are frequently in the news. Study by comparing two-three bodies. appointment, tenure, report it submits. CAG,FINANCE COMMISSION,ELECTION COMMISSION are core area.

Official website and laxmikanthi's Chapters 38-56 Some of the website of constitutional / non constitutional bodies(Refer more such official websites in news) https://cic.gov.in/ https://cag.gov.in/

POLITICAL SYSTEM A - Political parties B - Elections C - Electoral reform

Focus on mainly Anti Defection Law and Elections to Parliament, State Legislature, President and vice President. Representation of people's act.

Laxmikanth's Indian Polity Chapters 64-70 Election commission's website FAQ https://eci.gov.in/ Current affairs

D - Anti defection law

21

PUBLIC POLICY AND RIGHTS ISSUE Official website for policy and Current affairs for issues. https://tribal.nic.in/

A - TRIBES(Most important) B - Scheduled caste, Women, child.

It is easier to understand issues related to each section of Population if their policy and issues are studied together.

https://wcd.nic.in/

C - Minorities

http://www.minorityaffairs.gov.in/

D - Transgender and differently abled

http://socialjustice.nic.in/

SUMMARY OF IMPORTANT AREAS IN POLITY 1) Evolution acts of constitution 2) FR,FD,DPSP 3) PRESIDENT,PM, Parliament system as a whole(broad features) 4) Supreme court review & jurisdiction. High Court jurisdiction and writs. 5) 1-12 SCHEDULE 6) TRIBAL RIGHTS ISSUE

SOURCE 1. For entire polity Primary source(Book) are: A. New NCERT 11th std (i) Political theory (ii) Indian Constitution at work B. Laxmikanth's Indian Polity. 2. In official websites read about us, schemes/acts & FAQ.

7) PARIAMENTARY COMMITTEES

3. For current affairs follow

8) Have an eye on proposed reforms/amendments

https://www.iasparliament.com/

9) such as simultaneous elections and link them with possible article to be amended. 10) Basic structure doctrine & centre state relationship.

22

4. ECONOMICS ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT-SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT DECODED SYLLABUS

TOPICS

REFERENCE BOOKS

Need and role of government in Planning Review and achievements of 5 year Plans NITI AAYOG

11th NCERT chapter 2, chapter 3

Agriculture

Land Reforms Green Revolution Food Security Subsidies -MSP, FRP WTO Agricultural Marketing- NAM NABARD

Primary -Shankar IAS academy Economics part 2 Chapter 2

Industry

Industrial Policies from 1948 PSUs - Maharatnas, Miniratnas, Navaratnas Disinvestments- National Investment Fund MSMEs Policies- NIMZ, Make in India, IIP

Primary -Shankar IAS academy Economics Part 2 chapter 3

Service

Composition, growth

Primary -Shankar IAS academy Economics part 2 Chapter 4

Concept and Working

Primary - Shankar IAS academy Economics part 1 chapter 1 Secondary –Sankarganesh Chapter 2,

Planning

National income

Circular flow of income Methods: income, product, expenditure National Income Accounting GDP, GNP, NDP, NNP ( @Factor Costs, @ Market Prices ), NI, PCI,PI ICOR, GDP Deflator

Economic Survey

Concepts of National Income Central Statistical Organisation Growth and Development

Primary -Shankar IAS academy Economics Part 1 Chapter 2 Economic Survey

Reports and Indices HDI, GII, MPI etc

PUBLIC FINANCE Budget

Types - gender based, zero based, incremental

a) Revenue

Receipts - Tax ( direct and indirect- GST ), Non Tax Expenditure

b) Capital

Receipts - Debt and Non debt Expenditure

Primary -Shankar IAS academy Economics Part1 chapter 3 Secondary - Sankarganesh Chapter 5 Economic Survey

23

Public Debt

Internal, external and other liabilities

Deficits

Fiscal, budget, Revenue, Primary

FRBM

Recommendations

Finance commission

13th and 14th Recommendations

Business Cycle

Recession, depression, recovery, boom

Fiscal Policy

Expansionary and contractionary

MONEY Functions

Primary, secondary

Forms of Money Money supply

Monetary and Liquidity Aggregates

Primary -Shankar IAS academy Economics Part1 chapter 4 Economic Survey

Money Multiplier Currency management

Role of RBI and Government

INFLATION Causes

Demand Pull, Cost Push, Structural

Based on Rates

Creeping, Walking, Running, Galloping

Inflation Measurement

WPI, CPI - Rural, Urban, Industrial workers,

Effects of Inflation

on different sectors, professionals and society

Primary -Shankar IAS academy Economics Part 1 Chapter 5 Secondary - Sankarganesh Chapter 9 Economic Survey

Inflation control a) Fiscal Policy

Taxation and Expenditure Regulation

b) Monetary Policy

Quantitative- bank Rate, OMO, CRR, SLR, Repo, Reverse Repo and Qualitative

EXTERNAL SECTOR Balance Of Payment

Current and Capital Account

Exports

Sector wise growth rates

Imports

Sector wise growth rates

Twin Deficits

CAD and Fiscal Deficits

FDI

Definition, Routes, FDI Caps,

Primary -Shankar IAS academy Economics Part 1 Chapter 6 Secondary - Sankarganesh Chapter 10. Economic Survey

FERA, FEMA Exchange Rate Determination

Fixed, Adjustable peg, Floating

Exchange Rate

Depreciation, Appreciation, Revaluation, Devaluation REER, NER, RER, PPP

Forex Reserves Rupee Convertibility

Current and Capital Account

External Debt

24

FINANCIAL INCLUSION Banking Evolution

from 1786 to till now Payment banks, small Finance Banks

Banking Structure

commercial, cooperatives, RRBs

RBI

Functions

Reforms

PSL, Lead bank scheme

NPA

Classification, Management, Government Initiatives, RBI Initiatives

Primary -Shankar IAS academy Economics Part 1 Chapter 7 Secondary -Sankarganesh Chapter 6 Economic Survey

Basel Norms, Banking Ombudsman Scheme NBFC

FINANCIAL MARKETS Money market

Organised, Unorganised, NBFCs

Capital market

Instruments, Bull, Bear

SEBI

Functions and Role

Primary -Shankar IAS academy Economics Part 1 Chapter 8 Secondary - Sankarganesh Chapter 7

POVERTY & UNEMPLOYMENT Poverty

Definition, Measurement and Poverty alleviation schemes

Unemployment

Types, Causes, Measurement

Secondary - Sankarganesh Chapter 4, SIA, ES Economic Survey

SOCIAL SECTOR INITIATIVES Health

Health Coverage, Government Initiatives

Education

Government Initiatives

Primary -Shankar IAS academy Economics part 2 Chapter 5 Economic Survey

DEMOGRAPHICS Demographics

Sectoral Composition Demographic Dividend

Primary -Shankar IAS academy Economics part 2 Chapter 5

FOCUS AREAS: 1. Organisations in news – CCEA, NITI AAYOG, RBI, CACP, FICCI, SEBI IRDAI, NABARD, WTO, IMF, WORLD BANK, ADB, NDB, OECD etc 2. Reports and Indices 3. Government schemes and initiatives 4. Economic survey – Primary -Shankar IAS academy material and video 5. Important economic terminologies in News 6. Trends for GDP, GNP, Poverty etc 7. Composition of Various sectors Growth rates etc 8. www.arthapedia.in Note: Primary reference book: Shankar IAS academy book. For further reference Secondary -Sankarganesh, Economic Survey.

25

5. ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ECOLOGY DECODED SYLLABUS

Ecology

Ecosystem

TOPICS

SOURCES

Ecology definition Environment definition Environment components ( biotic and abiotic)

Shankar IAS Environment Chapter 1

Ecosystem definition Functions of ecosystem

Shankar IAS Environment Chapter 1

Energy flow Food Web Ecological pyramid-pyramid of biomass, numbers, energy

Shankar IAS Environment Chapter 2,12th NCERT Biology Last 4 Chapters

Bioaccumulation Bio magnification

Shankar IAS Environment Chapter 2

Bioremediation

Shankar IAS Environment Chapter 5

Biopiracy

Shankar IAS Environment

Bioleaching Bioterrorism

Shankar IAS Environment

Ecotone-characteristics Niche-types

Shankar IAS Environment Chapter 1

Carbon footprint Ecological footprint

Shankar IAS Environment

Eutrophication

Shankar IAS Environment Chapter 2

Algal blooms-red tide

Shankar IAS Environment Chapter 2

Biological oxygen demand

Shankar IAS Environment

Ecological succession- Primary, Secondary succession, Climax

Shankar IAS Environment Chapter 2

Biotic interaction-mutualism, communalism, etc

Shankar IAS Environment Chapter 2

Bio-geochemical cycle Hydrological cycle Carbon cycle Nitrogen cycle Phosphorus cycle Sulphur cycle

Shankar IAS Environment Chapter 2

26

CLASSIFICATION OF ECOSYSTEMS

Aquatic ecosystems

Terrestrial ecosystems

Lakes-ecology, characteristics Estuaries Mangroves-characteristics, root modification Coral reefs-types, threat Coral bleaching Wetlands-types, national wetland conservation program

Shankar IAS Environment Chapter 4

Ramsar sites, montreux record

Shankar IAS Environment

Forest ecosystem-types of forest Desert ecosystem Grasslands ecosystem Deforestation-causes Desertification-causes

Shankar IAS Environment Chapter 3

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

Environmental Pollution

Pollutants-classifications, causes, sources Air pollution-major pollutants Smog-formation, effects Indoor Air pollution Fly ash-composition, utilisation National Air quality monitoring programme National ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) Water pollution-sources, effects, control measures Soil pollution-sources, causes, types, effects, control measures Noise pollution-impacts, control measures Radio active pollution-sources, types, effects, control measures E-waste management Solid waste management Environmental impact assessment

Shankar IAS Environment Chapter 5,Environmental Ministry

Shankar IAS Environment Chapter 6

BIODIVERSITY Biodiversity

Biodiversity-term Levels of biodiversity-Genetic diversity, Species diversity Ecosystem/community diversity

Measurement of biodiversity

Species richness-alpha, beta, gamma Species evenness

Modes of conservation

Ex-situ conservation-zoological parks, seed banks, etc In-situ conservation-wildlife sanctuary, national park, etc

Fauna diversity

Shankar IAS Environment Chapter 7

Vertebrates-fish, reptiles, birds, amphibians, mammals

Shankar IAS Environment

In-vertebrates-annelids, arthropods, protozoa, arachnids, etc

Chapter 8

27

Flora diversity

Algae, Fungi, Bacteria, Virus Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Angiosperms, Gymnosperms

Animal adaptation

Hibernation, Aestivation, Nocturnal, Diurnal

Plant adaptation

Hydrophatic, Xerophytic, Mesophytes

Refer From Internet

Protection Measures Wildlife sanctuary and National Parks National initiative

Read From Govt. website

Conservation reserves and community reserves Coastal protected areas Sacred groves of India Man and biosphere

Shankar IAS Environment

Biosphere reserves World network of biosphere reserves Global initiative

Chapter 12

Biodiversity hotpots Biodiversity hope spots World Heritage sites IUCN-(red data book) endangered, critically endangered, etc

Read From IUCN Website With Related To Habitat

CLIMATE CHANGE Global warming Green house effect, Green house gases Climate Change

Global warming potential, Global emissions

Chapter 14

Acid rain, Ocean acidification

Shankar IAS Environment

Ozone depletion

Chapter 15,16

Carbon sequestration, Carbon sink Carbon credit, Carbon offsetting, Carbon tax Geo-engineering

Mitigation strategies

Shankar IAS Environment

Shankar IAS Environment Chapter 18

Green building

Shankar IAS Environment

Green rating for integrated habitat assessment (GRIHA)

Chapter 19

UNFCC Agenda 21 REDD and REDD+

Shankar IAS Environment

IPCC

Chapter 20

Green climate fund Global environment facility

28

ACTS AND POLICIES

Acts and Policies

Paris climate deal Wildlife protection act 1972 Environmental protection act 1986,eco sensitive zones Biological diversity act 2002 Schedule tribes and other forest dwellers act 2006 Prevention of animal cruelty act National forest policy Coastal regulation zone Wetlands rule 2010 National green tribunal

Read From Internet Shankar IAS Environment Chapter 22

Animal welfare board Central zoo authority National biodiversity authority

Shankar IAS Environment Chapter 24

Convention on biological diversity (CBD) Ramsar convention on wetlands CITES TRAFFIC Convention on the conservation of migratory species (CMS) Coalition against wildlife trafficking (CAWT) Global tiger forum Stockholm convention Basel convention Rotterdam convention United Nations convention to combat desertification International whaling commission (IWC) Vienna convention and Montreal protocol Kyoto protocol Nagoya protocol Cartagena protocol

Shankar IAS Environment Chapter 25,Environmental Ministry Website

AGRICULTURE MUST READ: Glossary And Appendix Of Shankar IAS Environment Page 291-303. (Ramsar Wetlands, Project Tiger Reserves, Biosphere Reserves, Mangrove Sites Important)

Shankar Class Notes

FOCUS AREA: 1) Direct terms 2 )International organisations 3) Wildlife sanctuaries and national parks and related habitats 4) Animals and their related habitats 5) Acts and policies

29

6. INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS TOPICS

SUB-TOPICS

International

United Nations System, Specialised Agencies, Programmes and

organisations

Funds, International Law, Conventions, Disarmament, others

Regional

EU, ASEAN, SAARC, BIMSTEC, SCO, APEC, ANZUS, African Union,

Organisations

Mekong Ganga Cooperation, Gulf Cooperation council, OAS, ECOWAS, SADC, ANDEAN, CELAC, CARICOM, COMESA, MERCOSUR, etc

Financial and Trade

IMF, World Bank Group, ADB, NDB, AIIB, WTO, RCEP, OECD,

organisations

OPEC, others

BOOKS & REFERENCE

Books: Shankar International organisations Consolidated IO - IAS Parliament Current affairs material

Cultural, Ethnic, Linguistic and religious

Arab League, OIC, Commonwealth of Nations, ...

PIB and MEA website, IYB (India and its neighbours), THE HINDU

organisations Ideological and Political Groupings NGO and their

NAM, NATO, G8, G20, G24, BRICS, G77, ... Recently in News

Reference: IDSA, Official Website of organisations

Purpose Important reports and organisations

Recently in News

30

7. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY DECODED SYLLABUS

TOPICS

SOURCES

Space Terms – Kuiper belt, Goldilocks Zone, Exo planet, Tidal locking, Meteors, Asteroid etc., Space Phenomenon- Supernova explosion, neutrino, Gravitational Waves, Red Shift phenomenon etc., Important Missiles around the world – eLISA, LIGO, Quantum satellite, Missiles with unique characteristics like nuclear powered or Space Technology

Solar powered & first to achieve the milestone

Newspaper +PIB+SIA Class

Signature Missions around the world

Notes

Important Missiles from India Chandrayan, Mangalyan, Astrosat etc.., Space vehicles – Types (PSLV, GSLV) & its Weight carrying capacity, its altitude etc., Innovation in Space vehicles – RLV etc., Various Satellites & its Applications Defence

Important Missiles, Tech Components(SPI),Vehicles

SIA Class Notes

Solar Energy -Photo Voltaic cell & Solar thermal cells(Functioning not needed), Govt. initiatives Wind energy, B.S.Norms, E.Vehicles Electronics and

Coal-Formation, it’s by product E.g. Fly ash, Pollution from coal(NCERT)

Newspaper(Advertisements)

Green Tech

Bio Fuels-4 generation of Bio fuels

SIA Class Notes

Fuel Cells Hydrogen Cells Microbial Cells Bio Toilet Information Technology (IT)+Robotics(A.I)

Wi-Fi & Bluetooth,5 generations of networks, E-governance – BHIM, UPI , M Stripes etc., Emerging trends-IoT , Big Data, A.I,C.P.S, Block chain. V.Reality, A. Reality, Malwares.,

SIA Class notes Newspaper

E-Governance-BHIM,UPI,M Stripes etc., Types of Nuclear reactors and its fuel International Thermonuclear Experiment Reactor (ITER) +3 Stages, Nuclear Power Programming.

Nuclear + Particle

Thorium – Its Source and its advantages for India w.r.t Nuclear

Science( Nano Tech)

Energy,

SIA Class notes(particle science)

Medical uses(Cyber Knife) Applications of Nano Technology(by his/her interest- current affairs)

31

Bio Technology + IPR

Genetic Material - DNA & RNA and its differences Types of RNA - Messenger RNA (mRNA), Transfer RNA (tRNA), Ribosome translation RNA (rRNA)

12 NCERT (Only Biology, refer

DNA replication – Transcription & Translation

class)

Genetic Engineering – Applications, Tools (Recombinant DNA) & its methods (Gene Silencing, Gene Knockdown, Grafting etc..,)

Newspaper

Stem Cells – Induced pluripotent cells, Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Technology

9 &10 –Science & Tech Vol.I

Tissue Culture

Full NCERT Book is not

Innovation in Medicine technology – CRISPR, bacteriophage etc.,

th

units which are discussed in 1

st

SIA Class Notes th

th

& Vol.II (Important) recommended

Human Immune System (Difference of Antibodies, Antigens & Why Vaccination-C.Affairs) Health

Diseases - its Source (Bacteria or Virus or fungi) , Mode of

SIA Class Notes

Transmission (Water, Air or Sexually Transmitted) & its Vectors (Mosquito or bat or Worms)

Newspaper reading

Disease – Symptoms & its effects on humans Anti-Microbial resistance or Anti Biotic Resistance

Other Informations: th

th

1) Use NCERTs (9 & 10 ) to get basic idea like what is DNA, RNA, Chromosome tec., 2) Read Newspaper daily especially life page and Thursday edition Supplementary  Just understand the Concept (E.g. mode of transmission in human body, its target area (liver heart etc.,), functioning of medicine developed) Scientist names and Institutions name are not important. 3) Apply the same method for all other domain (Space, ICT etc.,) 4) Use Class notes, Newspaper, Sci & tech column in Newspaper on Sunday’s for organized study and revision. 5) It is very important that you go through the last 10 year papers (both prelims & mains) 6) Benefits of going through previous year question papers -

Prioritize important topics

-

To know what & How to study (Studying Broadly is important than Studying Deeply)

32