Apolakai2.docx · Version 1.docx

In a complex phenomenon and maybe be caused by non-uniform deformation during rolling or by the presence of deflects in the original cast billet.  Aligatoring Heading processing can be carried out cold, warm, or hot; they are be performed on machines called  Headers Is essentially an upsetting operation, usually performed at the end of a round rod or wire in order to produce a larger cross-section.  Heading Consist of pressing a hardened punch, having a particular tip geometry, into the surface of block of metal.  Hubbing A process similar to roll forging  Skew Forging Is a process in which a blank is forged into a shape with a tool that forms the blank in several small steps  Incremental Forging The dies are heated to the same temperature as that of the hot workpiece.  Isothermal Forging or hot-die forging A solid rod or tube is subjected to radial impact forces by a set of reciprocating dies.  Swaging Is generally defined as the capability of a material to undergo deformation without cracking..  Forgeability Punching a number of holes in a sheet  Perforating Leaving a tab without removing any material  Lancing Shearing the sheet into two or more pieces  Parting Removing pieces ( or various shapes) from the edges  Notching Is a process of bending the edges of sheet metals, usually to 90 deg.  Flanging Involves joining two edges of sheet metal by hammering  Seaming Is the process whereby green compacts are heated in controlled – atmosphere furnace to a temperature below the melting point, but sufficiently high to allow bonding of the individual particles  Sintering Were introduced in 1960’s. they typically 70% aluminum oxide and 30% titanium carbide  Cermets

Of all known materials, the hardest substance is ______. It has low friction, high wear resistance and the ability to maintain a sharp cutting edge.  Diamond To enlarge a hole or cylindrical cavity made by a previous process or to produce circular internal grooves.  Boring To produced a regular shaped roughness on cylindrical surfaces, as in making knobs.  Knurling Because of friction between the specimen and the platens, the specimen’s cylindrical surface bulges ; this effect is called..  Barreling Is usually defined as resistance to permanent indentation.  Hardness Test involves pressing a steel or tungsten – carbide ball 10 mm diameter against a surface , with a load of 500 kg, 1500 kg, or 3000 kg.  Brinell Test This test measures the depth of penetration instead of the diameter of the indention.  Rockwell Test Formerly known as the diamond pyramid hardness test, uses a pyramid – shaped diamond indenter and a load ranges from 1kg to 120 kg  Vickers Test Uses to measure the hardness of rubber, plastics, and similar soft and elastic non – metallic materials.  Durometer Is a phenomenon in which carbon atoms in steels segregates to dislocations , thereby pinning them and, in this way, increasing the resistance to dislocation movement.  Strain Aging Is a phenomenon characterized by high permeability and permanent magnetization that are due to alignment of iron, nickel, and cobalt atoms into domains.  Ferromagnetism Exhibited by some materials, such as quartz crystals and some ceramic materials , such as cubic ferrites.  Piezoelectric Effect In this structure, graphite exists largely in the form of flakes. When it is broken, the fracture path is along the graphite flakes and has, therefore gray, sooty appearance.  Gray Cast Iron The steel is formed into desired shapes within controlled ranges of temperature and time to avoid formation of non martensitic transformation products.  Ausforming Improves strength and hardness at elevated temperatures..  Cobalt