Week 2 - Well Completion Mode Selection
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TM 3207 – Well Completion and Workover
Well Completion Mode Selection Dr.-Ing. Bonar T. H. Marbun Ardhi Lumban Gaol, Ph.D.
3/7/2019
1
Outline • Requirements of Well Completion Mode • Well Completion Modes • • • • •
3/7/2019
Perforated Completion Open Hole Completion Slotted Liner Gravel Pack Hydraulic Fracture (Shale/Tight Hydrocarbons)
2
Outline • Requirements of Well Completion Mode • Well Completion Modes • • • •
3/7/2019
Perforated Completion Open Hole Completion Slotted Liner Gravel Pack
3
Requirements of Well Completion Mode 1. The optimum condition of communication between reservoir and wellbore should be retained to reduce formation damage to the full extent. 2. The flow area between reservoir and wellbore should be provided as fully as possible in order to decrease the resistance to oil and gas flow into the well as far as possible. 3. The oil and gas reservoirs and aquifer should be effectively isolated in order to avoid gas and water channeling and interlayer interference. 3/7/2019
4
Requirements of Well Completion Mode (cont’d) 4. Sand production should be effectively controlled in order to prevent the borehole wall from sloughing and ensure longterm production of the oil well. 5. The oil well, which is run in after the well is completed, should not only meet the requirements of flowing production, but suit the need of artificial lift production in the later stage. 6. The conditions of downhole operations and measures, including separate-zone water injection and gas injection, separate-zone fracturing and acidizing, and water shutoff and profile control, should be provided. 3/7/2019
5
Requirements of Well Completion Mode (cont’d) 7. The requirements of steam injection should be met during the thermal recovery of heavy oil. 8. The conditions of side-tracking should be provided in the later stage of oil field development. 9. The conditions of drilling horizontal branch holes of a horizontal well should be provided.
3/7/2019
6
Requirements of Well Completion Mode (cont’d) 10. The corrosion caused by H2S, CO2, and salt water with a high salinity should be effectively prevented. 11. The creeping of salt rock bed and salt paste bed should be resisted. 12. Simple and convenient operations and good economic benefits should be provided.
3/7/2019
7
Outline • Requirements of Well Completion Mode • Well Completion Modes • • • •
3/7/2019
Perforated Completion Open Hole Completion Slotted Liner Gravel Pack
8
Well Completion Modes At present, the most common well completion modes include casing (or liner) perforation completion, open hole completion, and slotted liner completion, which can be further subdivided into completion with a slotted liner at the bottom of the casing and completion with a slotted liner run in the open hole. It is important to understand the distinguishing features of various completion modes due to their different applicable conditions and limitations.
3/7/2019
9
Liner
OpenHole Casing
Slotted Liner
Well Completion
Tieback Liner
Perforated
Gravel Pack
Fig. 1. Well Completion Modes 3/7/2019
10
Outline • Requirements of Well Completion Mode • Well Completion Modes • • • •
3/7/2019
Perforated Completion Open Hole Completion Slotted Liner Gravel Pack
11
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Perforated Completion Perforated completion is the most important and widely applied completion mode in China and abroad and includes casing perforation completion, liner perforation completion, and tieback liner perforation completion.
3/7/2019
12
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Perforated Completion Casing Perforation Completion Casing perforation completion includes drilling through the reservoir to the design depth, running-in production casing to the bottom of the reservoir and cementing, and perforating with perforator to perforate through the production casing and cement sheath, and penetrate into a certain depth in the reservoir in order to make channels to allow the oil and gas to flow into the well. 3/7/2019
13
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Perforated Completion Casing Perforation Completion Casing perforation completion can achieve selective perforating oil reservoir with different pressure and physical properties in order to avoid interlayer interference, can keep clear of inter-bedded water, bottom water, and gas cap, keep away from collapse of interbed, and provide the conditions of separate-zone operations, including separate-zone injection and production and selective fracturing and acidizing. 3/7/2019
14
Fig. 2. Casing Perforation Completion (Source: Wan Renpu, Advanced Well Completion Engineering) 3/7/2019
15
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Perforated Completion Liner Perforation Completion Liner perforation completion includes running-in intermediate casing and cementing after drilling to the top of the reservoir, drilling through the reservoir to the design depth using a smaller size bit, running in a liner using drilling tools and hanging the liner on the intermediate casing (with a overlap section of the liner with the intermediate casing not less than 50 m), and then cementing and perforating 3/7/2019
16
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Perforated Completion Liner Perforation Completion
During liner perforation completion, by reason that the upper formations have been sealed by the intermediate casing, drilling fluid compatible with the oil reservoir can be used to drill in the oil reservoir under a balanced or underbalanced pressure, thus providing favorable protection of the reservoir. In addition, perforated liner perforation completion can decrease the weight of casing string and the cement slurry volume, thus decreasing the completion cost. At present, oil and gas wells with a greater depth are mostly completed by this method. 3/7/2019
17
Fig. 3. Liner Perforation Completion (Source: Wan Renpu, Advanced Well Completion Engineering) 3/7/2019
18
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Perforated Completion Tieback Liner Perforation Completion
Liner perforation completion mentioned earlier is only suitable for oil and gas wells with a medium or low pressure. Under the conditions of no packer or malfunctioning of packer on the tubing string, the intermediate casing functions practically as a production casing and has difficulty withstanding high pressure of oil and gas. 3/7/2019
19
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Perforated Completion Tieback Liner Perforation Completion
Currently, liner tieback perforation completion is commonly applied to deep and ultradeep oil and gas wells and to highpressure and superhigh pressure oil and gas wells and includes generally running liner in, cementing, running in production casing to tie back liner, cementing into intermediate casingproduction casing annulus under atmospheric pressure and returning cement slurry to the surface, and then perforating at the liner 3/7/2019
20
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Perforated Completion Tieback Liner Perforation Completion thus ensuring the cementing quality at the oil reservoir and throughout the whole wellbore above the oil reservoir and achieving safe production of the oil and gas well. If the liner is a screen pipe, the procedure is the same as just mentioned, but perforating is unnecessary.
3/7/2019
21
Fig. 4. Tieback Liner Perforation Completion (Source: Wan Renpu, Advanced Well Completion Engineering) 3/7/2019
22
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Perforated Completion Perforated completion is applicable to most oil reservoirs. The specific service conditions are listed in Table 2-13 later on in this chapter.
3/7/2019
23
Outline • Requirements of Well Completion Mode • Well Completion Modes • • • •
3/7/2019
Perforated Completion Open Hole Completion Slotted Liner Gravel Pack
24
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Open Hole Completion Open hole completion means that the oil reservoir is completely exposed during completion of a straight or horizontal well. There are two types of procedures for open hole completion.
3/7/2019
25
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Open Hole Completion 1. After drilling to the top of the oil reservoir, the intermediate casing is run in and the well is cemented. After the cement slurry is returned to the predetermined design height, a bit with a smaller diameter is run in through the intermediate casing, and the cement plug is drilled through. Then the oil reservoir is drilled in to the design depth and the well is completed (Figure 5). 3/7/2019
26
Fig. 5. Initial Open Hole Completion (Source: Wan Renpu, Advanced Well Completion Engineering) 3/7/2019
27
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Open Hole Completion Open hole completion is also suitable for some thick oil reservoirs. If a gas cap on the top or a water-bearing bed near the top boundary exists, the intermediate casing may be run across the oil–gas interface and the upper part of the oil reservoir is sealed and then open hole completion follows. If necessary, the oil-bearing interval is perforated. This type of well completion is known as composite well completion 3/7/2019
28
Fig. 6. Composite Open Hole Completion (Source: Wan Renpu, Advanced Well Completion Engineering) 3/7/2019
29
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Open Hole Completion 2. The bit is not changed. The oil reservoir is drilled directly through to the design depth, the intermediate casing is run to the top of the oil reservoir, and the well is cemented. During cementing, the oil reservoir is padded with sand in order to prevent the oil reservoir below the casing shoe from damaging by cement slurry;
3/7/2019
30
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Open Hole Completion the drilling fluid with low fluid loss and high viscosity is displaced in order to prevent the cement slurry from settling; or an external casing packer and cement stinger are set at the lower part of the casing in order to retain the cement slurry in the annulus and prevent the cement slurry from settling. During well completion using this procedure, the target can be drilled through using a set of drilling tools.
3/7/2019
31
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Open Hole Completion However, after the target is drilled through, the intermediate casing should be further run in and the well should be cemented, the cement plug should be drilled, and then the well should be redrifted. Under normal conditions, this procedure is not applied due to the complicated operating sequence, long duration, serious formation damage, and possible formation collapse (see Figure 7). 3/7/2019
32
Fig. 7. Final Open Hole Completion (Source: Wan Renpu, Advanced Well Completion Engineering) 3/7/2019
33
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Open Hole Completion In general, in the same oil and gas reservoirs, the daily production rate of the open hole completion well is higher in the initial period; however, after a time, the daily production rate of the casing perforation completion well is basically the same as that of the open hole completion well,
3/7/2019
34
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Open Hole Completion and finally cumulative production of the casing perforation completion well is yet higher than that of the open hole completion well. Casing perforation completion is favorable to conducting stimulation and various downhole operations and helpful in stabilized production of the oil and gas field.
3/7/2019
35
Outline • Requirements of Well Completion Mode • Well Completion Modes • • • •
3/7/2019
Perforated Completion Open Hole Completion Slotted Liner Gravel Pack
36
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Slotted Liner Completion There are two types of slotted liner completion: 1. Slotted liner completion 2. Hook-Wall slotted liner completion
3/7/2019
37
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Slotted Liner Completion 1. In Slotted Liner Completion, After drilling through the oil reservoir using same size bit, a liner at the bottom of casing string is run to the position and the well is cemented using external casing packer and cement stinger to isolate annulus above top boundary of oil reservoir
3/7/2019
38
Fig. 8 – Slotted Liner Completion (Source: Wan Renpu, Advanced Well Completion Engineering) 3/7/2019
39
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Slotted Liner Completion 2. In Hook-Wall Slotted Liner Completion, Intermediate casing is run and cemented after drilling to the top of reservoir. Reservoir is the drilled with smaller bit, then the liner is hung on the wall of intermediate casing by using the liner hanger which also isolate liner-casing annulus.
3/7/2019
40
Fig. 9 – Hook-wall Slotted Liner Completion (Source: Wan Renpu, Advanced Well Completion Engineering) 3/7/2019
41
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Slotted Liner Completion Factor to consider in slotted liner completion: 1. Shape of slot 2. Width of slot opening 3. Arrangement of slot 4. Size of slotted liner
3/7/2019
42
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Slotted Liner Completion Factor to consider in slotted liner completion: 5. Length of slot 6. Quantity of slot 7. Slot cutting of liner
3/7/2019
43
Outline • Requirements of Well Completion Mode • Well Completion Modes • • • •
3/7/2019
Perforated Completion Open Hole Completion Slotted Liner Gravel Pack
44
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Gravel Pack Completion Generally adopted toward unconsolidated formations with serious sand production. First, a wire-wrapped screen is run to reservoir, then gravel selected at surface is pumped to annulus between the screen and borehole or between screen and casing using packing fluid.
3/7/2019
45
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Gravel Pack Completion Reason of using wire-wrapped screen instead of slotted liner: 1. Larger applicable range 2. Continous gap and self-cleaning action 3. Made of stainless steel wire with strong corrosion resistance, long service life, and high economic benefit
3/7/2019
46
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Gravel Pack Completion There are two types of gravel pack completion: 1. Open hole gravel pack completion 2. Casing gravel pack completion
3/7/2019
47
Fig. 10 – Open Hole Gravel Pack Completion (Source: Wan Renpu, Advanced Well Completion Engineering) 3/7/2019
48
Fig. 11 – Casing Gravel Pack Completion (Source: Wan Renpu, Advanced Well Completion Engineering) 3/7/2019
49
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Gravel Quality Requirements 1. Gravel grain diameter selection 2. Qualified degree of gravel size 3. Strength of gravel 4. Sphericity and psephicity of gravel 5. Acid solubility of gravel 6. Conglomeration of gravel 3/7/2019
50
Reference Renpu, W. “Advanced Well Completion Engineering”. Gulf Professional Publishing. US.A. 2011.
3/7/2019
51
Well Completion Mode Selection Dr.-Ing. Bonar T. H. Marbun Ardhi Lumban Gaol, Ph.D.
3/7/2019
1
Outline • Requirements of Well Completion Mode • Well Completion Modes • • • • •
3/7/2019
Perforated Completion Open Hole Completion Slotted Liner Gravel Pack Hydraulic Fracture (Shale/Tight Hydrocarbons)
2
Outline • Requirements of Well Completion Mode • Well Completion Modes • • • •
3/7/2019
Perforated Completion Open Hole Completion Slotted Liner Gravel Pack
3
Requirements of Well Completion Mode 1. The optimum condition of communication between reservoir and wellbore should be retained to reduce formation damage to the full extent. 2. The flow area between reservoir and wellbore should be provided as fully as possible in order to decrease the resistance to oil and gas flow into the well as far as possible. 3. The oil and gas reservoirs and aquifer should be effectively isolated in order to avoid gas and water channeling and interlayer interference. 3/7/2019
4
Requirements of Well Completion Mode (cont’d) 4. Sand production should be effectively controlled in order to prevent the borehole wall from sloughing and ensure longterm production of the oil well. 5. The oil well, which is run in after the well is completed, should not only meet the requirements of flowing production, but suit the need of artificial lift production in the later stage. 6. The conditions of downhole operations and measures, including separate-zone water injection and gas injection, separate-zone fracturing and acidizing, and water shutoff and profile control, should be provided. 3/7/2019
5
Requirements of Well Completion Mode (cont’d) 7. The requirements of steam injection should be met during the thermal recovery of heavy oil. 8. The conditions of side-tracking should be provided in the later stage of oil field development. 9. The conditions of drilling horizontal branch holes of a horizontal well should be provided.
3/7/2019
6
Requirements of Well Completion Mode (cont’d) 10. The corrosion caused by H2S, CO2, and salt water with a high salinity should be effectively prevented. 11. The creeping of salt rock bed and salt paste bed should be resisted. 12. Simple and convenient operations and good economic benefits should be provided.
3/7/2019
7
Outline • Requirements of Well Completion Mode • Well Completion Modes • • • •
3/7/2019
Perforated Completion Open Hole Completion Slotted Liner Gravel Pack
8
Well Completion Modes At present, the most common well completion modes include casing (or liner) perforation completion, open hole completion, and slotted liner completion, which can be further subdivided into completion with a slotted liner at the bottom of the casing and completion with a slotted liner run in the open hole. It is important to understand the distinguishing features of various completion modes due to their different applicable conditions and limitations.
3/7/2019
9
Liner
OpenHole Casing
Slotted Liner
Well Completion
Tieback Liner
Perforated
Gravel Pack
Fig. 1. Well Completion Modes 3/7/2019
10
Outline • Requirements of Well Completion Mode • Well Completion Modes • • • •
3/7/2019
Perforated Completion Open Hole Completion Slotted Liner Gravel Pack
11
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Perforated Completion Perforated completion is the most important and widely applied completion mode in China and abroad and includes casing perforation completion, liner perforation completion, and tieback liner perforation completion.
3/7/2019
12
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Perforated Completion Casing Perforation Completion Casing perforation completion includes drilling through the reservoir to the design depth, running-in production casing to the bottom of the reservoir and cementing, and perforating with perforator to perforate through the production casing and cement sheath, and penetrate into a certain depth in the reservoir in order to make channels to allow the oil and gas to flow into the well. 3/7/2019
13
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Perforated Completion Casing Perforation Completion Casing perforation completion can achieve selective perforating oil reservoir with different pressure and physical properties in order to avoid interlayer interference, can keep clear of inter-bedded water, bottom water, and gas cap, keep away from collapse of interbed, and provide the conditions of separate-zone operations, including separate-zone injection and production and selective fracturing and acidizing. 3/7/2019
14
Fig. 2. Casing Perforation Completion (Source: Wan Renpu, Advanced Well Completion Engineering) 3/7/2019
15
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Perforated Completion Liner Perforation Completion Liner perforation completion includes running-in intermediate casing and cementing after drilling to the top of the reservoir, drilling through the reservoir to the design depth using a smaller size bit, running in a liner using drilling tools and hanging the liner on the intermediate casing (with a overlap section of the liner with the intermediate casing not less than 50 m), and then cementing and perforating 3/7/2019
16
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Perforated Completion Liner Perforation Completion
During liner perforation completion, by reason that the upper formations have been sealed by the intermediate casing, drilling fluid compatible with the oil reservoir can be used to drill in the oil reservoir under a balanced or underbalanced pressure, thus providing favorable protection of the reservoir. In addition, perforated liner perforation completion can decrease the weight of casing string and the cement slurry volume, thus decreasing the completion cost. At present, oil and gas wells with a greater depth are mostly completed by this method. 3/7/2019
17
Fig. 3. Liner Perforation Completion (Source: Wan Renpu, Advanced Well Completion Engineering) 3/7/2019
18
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Perforated Completion Tieback Liner Perforation Completion
Liner perforation completion mentioned earlier is only suitable for oil and gas wells with a medium or low pressure. Under the conditions of no packer or malfunctioning of packer on the tubing string, the intermediate casing functions practically as a production casing and has difficulty withstanding high pressure of oil and gas. 3/7/2019
19
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Perforated Completion Tieback Liner Perforation Completion
Currently, liner tieback perforation completion is commonly applied to deep and ultradeep oil and gas wells and to highpressure and superhigh pressure oil and gas wells and includes generally running liner in, cementing, running in production casing to tie back liner, cementing into intermediate casingproduction casing annulus under atmospheric pressure and returning cement slurry to the surface, and then perforating at the liner 3/7/2019
20
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Perforated Completion Tieback Liner Perforation Completion thus ensuring the cementing quality at the oil reservoir and throughout the whole wellbore above the oil reservoir and achieving safe production of the oil and gas well. If the liner is a screen pipe, the procedure is the same as just mentioned, but perforating is unnecessary.
3/7/2019
21
Fig. 4. Tieback Liner Perforation Completion (Source: Wan Renpu, Advanced Well Completion Engineering) 3/7/2019
22
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Perforated Completion Perforated completion is applicable to most oil reservoirs. The specific service conditions are listed in Table 2-13 later on in this chapter.
3/7/2019
23
Outline • Requirements of Well Completion Mode • Well Completion Modes • • • •
3/7/2019
Perforated Completion Open Hole Completion Slotted Liner Gravel Pack
24
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Open Hole Completion Open hole completion means that the oil reservoir is completely exposed during completion of a straight or horizontal well. There are two types of procedures for open hole completion.
3/7/2019
25
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Open Hole Completion 1. After drilling to the top of the oil reservoir, the intermediate casing is run in and the well is cemented. After the cement slurry is returned to the predetermined design height, a bit with a smaller diameter is run in through the intermediate casing, and the cement plug is drilled through. Then the oil reservoir is drilled in to the design depth and the well is completed (Figure 5). 3/7/2019
26
Fig. 5. Initial Open Hole Completion (Source: Wan Renpu, Advanced Well Completion Engineering) 3/7/2019
27
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Open Hole Completion Open hole completion is also suitable for some thick oil reservoirs. If a gas cap on the top or a water-bearing bed near the top boundary exists, the intermediate casing may be run across the oil–gas interface and the upper part of the oil reservoir is sealed and then open hole completion follows. If necessary, the oil-bearing interval is perforated. This type of well completion is known as composite well completion 3/7/2019
28
Fig. 6. Composite Open Hole Completion (Source: Wan Renpu, Advanced Well Completion Engineering) 3/7/2019
29
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Open Hole Completion 2. The bit is not changed. The oil reservoir is drilled directly through to the design depth, the intermediate casing is run to the top of the oil reservoir, and the well is cemented. During cementing, the oil reservoir is padded with sand in order to prevent the oil reservoir below the casing shoe from damaging by cement slurry;
3/7/2019
30
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Open Hole Completion the drilling fluid with low fluid loss and high viscosity is displaced in order to prevent the cement slurry from settling; or an external casing packer and cement stinger are set at the lower part of the casing in order to retain the cement slurry in the annulus and prevent the cement slurry from settling. During well completion using this procedure, the target can be drilled through using a set of drilling tools.
3/7/2019
31
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Open Hole Completion However, after the target is drilled through, the intermediate casing should be further run in and the well should be cemented, the cement plug should be drilled, and then the well should be redrifted. Under normal conditions, this procedure is not applied due to the complicated operating sequence, long duration, serious formation damage, and possible formation collapse (see Figure 7). 3/7/2019
32
Fig. 7. Final Open Hole Completion (Source: Wan Renpu, Advanced Well Completion Engineering) 3/7/2019
33
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Open Hole Completion In general, in the same oil and gas reservoirs, the daily production rate of the open hole completion well is higher in the initial period; however, after a time, the daily production rate of the casing perforation completion well is basically the same as that of the open hole completion well,
3/7/2019
34
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Open Hole Completion and finally cumulative production of the casing perforation completion well is yet higher than that of the open hole completion well. Casing perforation completion is favorable to conducting stimulation and various downhole operations and helpful in stabilized production of the oil and gas field.
3/7/2019
35
Outline • Requirements of Well Completion Mode • Well Completion Modes • • • •
3/7/2019
Perforated Completion Open Hole Completion Slotted Liner Gravel Pack
36
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Slotted Liner Completion There are two types of slotted liner completion: 1. Slotted liner completion 2. Hook-Wall slotted liner completion
3/7/2019
37
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Slotted Liner Completion 1. In Slotted Liner Completion, After drilling through the oil reservoir using same size bit, a liner at the bottom of casing string is run to the position and the well is cemented using external casing packer and cement stinger to isolate annulus above top boundary of oil reservoir
3/7/2019
38
Fig. 8 – Slotted Liner Completion (Source: Wan Renpu, Advanced Well Completion Engineering) 3/7/2019
39
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Slotted Liner Completion 2. In Hook-Wall Slotted Liner Completion, Intermediate casing is run and cemented after drilling to the top of reservoir. Reservoir is the drilled with smaller bit, then the liner is hung on the wall of intermediate casing by using the liner hanger which also isolate liner-casing annulus.
3/7/2019
40
Fig. 9 – Hook-wall Slotted Liner Completion (Source: Wan Renpu, Advanced Well Completion Engineering) 3/7/2019
41
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Slotted Liner Completion Factor to consider in slotted liner completion: 1. Shape of slot 2. Width of slot opening 3. Arrangement of slot 4. Size of slotted liner
3/7/2019
42
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Slotted Liner Completion Factor to consider in slotted liner completion: 5. Length of slot 6. Quantity of slot 7. Slot cutting of liner
3/7/2019
43
Outline • Requirements of Well Completion Mode • Well Completion Modes • • • •
3/7/2019
Perforated Completion Open Hole Completion Slotted Liner Gravel Pack
44
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Gravel Pack Completion Generally adopted toward unconsolidated formations with serious sand production. First, a wire-wrapped screen is run to reservoir, then gravel selected at surface is pumped to annulus between the screen and borehole or between screen and casing using packing fluid.
3/7/2019
45
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Gravel Pack Completion Reason of using wire-wrapped screen instead of slotted liner: 1. Larger applicable range 2. Continous gap and self-cleaning action 3. Made of stainless steel wire with strong corrosion resistance, long service life, and high economic benefit
3/7/2019
46
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Gravel Pack Completion There are two types of gravel pack completion: 1. Open hole gravel pack completion 2. Casing gravel pack completion
3/7/2019
47
Fig. 10 – Open Hole Gravel Pack Completion (Source: Wan Renpu, Advanced Well Completion Engineering) 3/7/2019
48
Fig. 11 – Casing Gravel Pack Completion (Source: Wan Renpu, Advanced Well Completion Engineering) 3/7/2019
49
Well Completion Modes (Cont’d) Gravel Quality Requirements 1. Gravel grain diameter selection 2. Qualified degree of gravel size 3. Strength of gravel 4. Sphericity and psephicity of gravel 5. Acid solubility of gravel 6. Conglomeration of gravel 3/7/2019
50
Reference Renpu, W. “Advanced Well Completion Engineering”. Gulf Professional Publishing. US.A. 2011.
3/7/2019
51
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