Exams-finals-rph (1)11.docx

Readings in Philippine History CIV 191 Finals Examination 1st Term, 2019-2020 Hernandez, Mark Matthew F.

I. 1. Discuss the context on how the issue of the retraction of Rizal become controversy? (10pts) -

The very issue about the retraction of Rizal is the argument whether it is true or not. Some says that there is a significant difference between the copy of the Archbishops and the Jesuits.

2. Explore the “cry” how it became so controversy among Historians? Explain the idea of its geography (location) of the so called Cry? (10pts.) -

The Cry actually happened in Pugadlawin. It was when Bonifacio called out the leaders of the society to a general assembly because he is about to change the code of the Katipunan because the Spanish authorities had already deciphered it. When they’re already on Pugadlawin, Bonifacio asked his men whether they were prepared to fight to the bitter end. Despite the objection of his brother-in-law, Teodoro Plata, all assembled agreed to fight to the last, and there, they tear their cedulas to pieces. That event marked the so-called “Cry of Balintawak”. The cry became a controversy among Historians because they believe that it was just an invented story.

II. 1. Narrate the story of the Cavite Mutiny and explain how it connect to the arrest and execution of the Frs. Gomez, Burgos and Zamora? (10pts.) -

Cavite Mutiny is the brief uprising of 200 Filipino troops and workers at the Cavite arsenal, which became the excuse for Spanish repression of the embryonic Philippine nationalist movement. Ironically, the harsh reaction of the Spanish authorities served ultimately to promote the nationalist cause. The three priests in black cassocks, bound and manacled, escorted by Spanish friars, guards and drummers appeared at a gate in the walled city. They were the condemned men,

Fathers Burgos, Gomez and Zamora, who had been sentenced to death for sedition against the Spanish Crown and were to be executed by garrote, the most dreaded form of execution: strangulation by a cast-iron vise tightened around the neck. They represented the bitter, divisive cause of natives claiming parishes for themselves for “secularization,” opposed by the all-powerful friar orders who maintained that Filipinos were capable only of being boatmen or peons, but should not think that, because they could mumble Latin prayers they could now aspire to run whole parishes. 2. Explain and discuss the site of the first mass? Explore the possibility that some historians called it the “First Easter Day Mass” (10pts.) -

The first Catholic Mass in the Philippines was held on March 31, 1521 at Limasawa, a 6th class municipality in the province of Southern Leyte. It was called the First Easter Day Mass because of the mere fact that the Sunday Mass was done on the exact day as the Easter Sunday.

III. 1. Essay: Choose only one (1) of the controversies that would explain the significance and historic to the life of the Filipino people as a Nation? (10pts.) -

The controversy that I chose is the controversy of the death of Luna. Luna’s death is vital because he is the best commanding general on that time and he alone is the one who pushes the government and all army in the Philippines to fight for independence through war. The culprit behind his death is not yet found but it is believed that Gregorio Del Pilar and his man were behind the killing. Furthermore, the death of Luna talks about how divided our country was, everyone has their own beliefs and strategy on how to fight where in fact, our army could win that fight when Luna had the full support of the government. Because as Nation, it is important that we support one another, we should be bounded by unity because one is weak but when he is with others, he is strong.

VI. 1. Discuss and evaluate the historical context of Agrarian reform program in the Philippines? (10pts) -

The agrarian reform program reform in the Philippines changes as the years pass by is based on who is ruling the country. The land reform was changed and continuously changing starting from the Pre-Spanish period up to the current President. I can say that the government must give our farmers more attention and support because one of the main strengths of this country is Agriculture, but because of lack of support our Agriculture is not strengthened.

2. Explain and assess how Agrarian reform program in the Philippines? (10pts.) -

The effectivity of the Agrarian reform program in the Philippines lies on who is the current leader. One leader or another has their own perspective on how to treat our agricultural land. As of the current administration, President Duterte want to pursue and “aggressive” land reform program that would help alleviate the life of poor Filipino farmers by prioritizing the provision of support services alongside land distribution. The President already directed DAR to launch the 2 nd phase of agrarian reform where landless farmers would be awarded with undistributed lands under the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP).Also, under his administration the DAR created and anti-corruption task force to investigate and handle reports on alleged anomalous activities by officials and employees of the department.

V. 1. What was the Biak-na-Bato? Was the Pact intended for a new government? What was the Biak-na-Bato a constitution? (10pts.) -

Biak-na-Bato is a place in Bulacan province wherein Emilio Aguinaldo established his headquarters. There also he established a constitution that is now called, the Biak-na-Bato constitution. The Pact was intended and a call for ceasefire. That is the time where Aguinaldo sold the sovereignty of the Philippines for 800,000 Mexican Pesos, in exchange for the rule of Spaniards. But, in the end, it was a failure because Filipino’s and Spaniards did not trust each other. As a result, periodic clashes between the two groups still took place even after Aguinaldo’s departure from the country.

2. Explain and discuss the rationale behind the why the 1972 constitution created? Explore the possibility that the 1972 constitution was just to extend the term of President Marcos? (10pts.) -

The 1972 constitution was created and is considered as the last defense against the rising disorder caused by increasingly violent student demonstrations, he alleged threats of communist insurgency by the new CPP and MNLF. One of the possibilities that the 1972 constitution was created is for Marcos to extend his term. Technically, if the martial law was proclaimed, he would be retained as the president unless majority of the people on the land protest for an impeachment which has happened on February 1986.

VI. 1. Essay: Choose only one (1) of the constitution (below) that would explain the political significance and historic to the life of the Filipino people as a Nation? (10pts.) -

The 1935, the first fully implemented constitution of the country was drafted by the Commonwealth of the Philippines. Although it is not the first body to be created, it was the first to be fully effected throughout the Philippines. Why was it significant? Because it was when the Americans are slowly getting their hands off on us, although they’re still in command, they’re letting us to have our own decisions, as if we’re babies that they’re trying to teach how to walk. The commonwealth is good because there we had the foundation of our current constitution.

Prepared by: Ellery P. Ortiz Instructor