Filipino Grievances Against Governor Wood

Filipino Grievances Against Governor Wood GROUP 7 Paolo Miguel Carabeo Angelica Garrote XinJin Li

Sheena May Policarpio

Background of the author

Gregorio Zaide

GREGORIO F. ZAIDE • Born: May 25, 1907, Died: October 31, 1988 • He came from an ordinary family in the town of Pagsanjan, Laguna in the Philippines • He studied at University of the Philippines Diliman (M.A. 1931) and University of Santo Tomas (B.A and PhD of Philosophy 1934) • He was a politician. He served as the mayor in Pagsanjan Laguna from 1971 to 1975. • He is a HISTORIAN and WRITER

GREGORIO F. ZAIDE • He is known as the “Dean of Philippine Historians” • One of the founders of International Association of Historians of Asia (IAHA) • Became the President of the Philippine Historical Association (for 3 terms) • Legendary historian of Philippine History

GREGORIO F. ZAIDE • As a legendary historian of Philippine history, he has been writing all his life. He wrote 67 books, some of which are used as history textbooks in the country's high schools and universities. • He has also published more than 500 historical articles in local and foreign journals.

ZAIDE’S Historical works • Thad's historical works tend to be lively prose, to communicate the history of the Philippines with intuitive feelings, to try to look at history with a fair eye, but he has also been criticized. Because it puts the colonial experience of the Philippines below that of the Spanish and Americans, a simplistic positive view. It has to do with his background.

Historical Background of the document

Documentary sources of the Philippine history

• Published on 1990

FILIPINO GRIEVANCES AGAINST GOVERNOR WOOD • A document written in a form of protest Particularly against the Executive Order No. 37 • Approved by the Commission on Independence on November 17, 1926 (Appointed: October 14, 1921 until August 7, 1927)

LEONARD WOOD

LEONARD WOOD • Is a United States Army Major General • Became the military governor of Cuba from 1899-1902, and then governor general of the Philippines from 1921-1927. • In 1903 he arrived at the Philippines. He became the commanding governor of the Moro province. He was not only the head of the civil government with a Legislative Government responsible for five districts, but he is also the commanding general troops in the department of Mindanao and Sulu. • After years, he became the Military Commander of the Philippine Division. He conducted an investigation to which he covered 48 provinces into which the island is divided. The investigation is about the conditions, geographic, climatic, natural, human and governmental. If the Filipinos are capable of self-government.

FILIPINO GRIEVANCES AGAINST GOVERNOR WOOD • The promise of America. The face of America: An emblem of freedom, the symbol of altruism. They vowed to train us in the art of self government and granting the independence of our country. It is done for the benefit of the Filipino people, not the Americans • The Filipinos trusted the Americans with 20 years of civil government, they cooperated and applied themselves patiently and diligently. • Leonard Wood was then assigned by President of America (President Calvin Coolidge) to be the governor-general. He was assigned to fulfill the pledge. And it is expected by the people that the mutual understanding and cooperation would be

CONTENT PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

•

Major-General Leonard Wood was appointed as Governor-General of the Philippines on October 14, 1921. The Filipinos expected that in his administration, the same spirit of cooperation would be maintained amongst the Filipinos and Americans.

• It turns out that under his administration, the expectations that they had were the exact opposite. Governor Wood has abused his authority which caused a lot of difficulties for the Filipinos.

LIST OF GOVERNOR WOOD’S ARBITRARY ACTS: - Refused to agree to laws that were necessary for the public good. - Substituted his constitutional advisers for a group of military attaches without legal standing in the government. - Reversed the policy of Filipinizing the service of the government by appointing Americans even though Filipinos who are proven and capable are available. - Obstructed the carrying out of national economic policies adopted by the Legislature, merely because the are in conflict with his personal views

- Made appointments to positions and authorized the payment of salaries after having rejected the designations for such salaries. - Used certain public funds to grant additional compensation to public officials. - Seized upon himself the right of exercising the power granted by law to the Emergency Board after abolishing said board on the ground that its powers involved an unlawful delegation of legislative authority.

LIST OF GOVERNOR WOOD’S ARBITRARY ACTS: - Carelessly passed the annual appropriation law of the Legislature by reviving items in the law of the proceeding year then rejecting the corresponding items of the current appropriation act. - Refused to obtain advice of the senate in making appointments where such advice is required by the organic act. - Refused to submit to the Senate appointment for vacancies occurring during the temporary suspension of the Legislature. - Continued to office nominees whose appointments have been rejected by the senate.

- Usurped legislative powers by imposing conditions on legislative measures approved by him. - Brought a condition which has given rise to discord between certain Christian and Mohammedian Filipinos. - Attempted to dispose all the companies capitalized by the government to powerful American interests. - Sanctioned the campaign of insidious propaganda in the United States against the Filipinos and their aspirations. - Attempted to close the Philippine National Bank.

LIST OF GOVERNOR WOOD’S ARBITRARY ACTS: - Adopted a practice in intervening in and controlling directly in the affairs of the Philippine Government, both insular and local. - Insistently sought the amendment of our land laws approved by the United States congress which would open up the resources of the country to be exploited with predatory interests. • After all of these acts, Governor wood did not stop there. He then formally proclaimed and Executive Order No. 37 which declares that the laws creating and defining the Board of Control which is authorized to vote the stocks owned by the government in certain private corporations are absolute nullities. •

This executive order is claimed to be based on an opinion made by the Judge Advocate General of the US Army and the confirmatory opinion of the Acting Advocate General.

• Governor Wood then withheld the publication of his order until November 10, a few hours later after the Legislature has adjourned, depriving the Legislature of the opportunity to consider the matter.

• The laws creating and defining the powers of the Board of Control have been forced in and acted upon by GovernorGeneral wood and other officers. The laws have neither been repealed by Legislature, annulled by Congress, nor declared unconstitutional by the courts.

CONTRIBUTION OF THE DOCUMENT IN UNDERSTANDING THE GRAND NARRATIVE OF THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY

CONTRIBUTION OF THE DOCUMENT IN UNDERSTANDING THE GRAND NARRATIVE OF THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY • Knowing the condition of the Filipinos. Filipinos often experience hardship in their lives and leaders are supposed to help them, instead they put them lower. • Manipulation of the policies and laws. They have easily manipulated the laws. They have created a new policy, making it possible to easily change a law in favor to him which was against the organic law.

• Disobeyed the Organic Act. Organic Act –is the system of foundation of the government, corporation or any other organization’s body of rules. A constitution is a particular form of organic law for a sovereign state • Executive Order No. 37 - Governor Wood made his own rule and ordered the issue for his own good. We were fooled by false promise. He wants to take over the Philippines because he is saying that Filipinos are less compared to Americans. According to an interview done by Robert Law Bacon: General Wood said that there would be “Strife, disorder, bloodshed.” if he left. He also said that “Industry, trade, and credit would be ruined, with the inevitable concomitants

RELEVANCE OF THE DOCUMENT TO THE MILLENIALS

RELEVANCE • We become independent people because of the past. We learn from our mistakes. • The people expected that Governor Wood will help them in establishing a Filipino Government but unfortunately, the said leader used power and office to manipulate the Filipinos, to suffer. • We learn from the previous government and today, we connect the wrong doings of others.

Sources: • • • •

http://www.hoboes.com/FireBlade/Politics/Chancelleries/11/3/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/apolakay/27432013616 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Wood https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/RechieGonzales/reportgonzales-and-lasam-filipino-grievances-against-governor-wood78663603 • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorio_F._Zaide • https://prezi.com/nc_dlr6c8-q9/filipino-grievances-againstgovernor-wood/