Fire Safety Presentation

BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION ILOILO CITY FIRE STATION PRE-FIRE PLANNING, TRAINING & COMMUNITY RELATION SECTION

LEGAL MANDATES:  The

Bureau of Fire Protection was created by virtue of Republic Act 6975 on 1990 under Chapter 9, Rule VIII Sec. 49-50 to perform the following functions:

Responsible for the prevention and suppression of all destructive fires on:  Buildings, houses, and other structures:  Forest;  Land transportations vehicles and equipments;  Ships and vessels docked at piers and wharves anchored in major seaports;  Petroleum industry installations;  Plane crashes; and  Other similar activities

Responsible for the enforcement of the Fire Code of the Philippines (R.A 9514) and other related laws;  Have the power to investigate all causes of fires and if necessary, file the proper complaint with the city or provincial prosecutor who has jurisdiction over the case; 

In times of national emergency, all elements of the BFP shall upon the direction of the President, assist the AFP in meeting the national emergency; and



Shall establish at least one (1) fire station with adequate personnel, firefighting facilities and equipment in every provincial capital, city and municipality subject to standard rules and regulations as may be promulgated by the DILG.

FIRE -

a rapid persistent chemical reaction that releases heat and light; specially the exothermic combination of combustible substances with oxygen  - rapid oxidation  -the result of chemical combination of combustible materials with oxygen in the presence of enough heat

Fire Tetrahedron HEAT

OXYGEN

FUEL

Fuel 3 Physical States Solid -

-

wood paper Cloth Plastic Coal

Liquid -gasoline -kerosene -alcohol -oils -grease

Gas -butane -propane -acetylene -natural gases -carbon monoxide

Oxygen 

Normally the atmosphere composes of 78 % Nitrogen, 21 % Oxygen, and 1 % other gasses



Fire requires 16 % in order to sustain combustion



A difference of 5 % between the atmosphere and combustion requirement states the fact that ” the more the oxygen there is, the greater the fire progress is, the less the oxygen is, the less the probability of the fire occurrence there will be.”

HEAT SOURCES:  Open flames  Electrical energy  Solar energy  Geothermal energy  Microwave energy  Nuclear energy  Sparks and arcs  Etc….

PRINCIPLE OF COMBUSTION  Flashpoint-

a minimum temperature in which a material give off vapor to form an ignitable mixture with air.  FUEL + HEAT= VAPOR=SMOKE  Ignition point- a temperature in which a material will ignite spontaneously independent of outside heat sources  HEATED FUEL + 16% OXYGEN=FLAME!

METHODS OF EXTINGUISHMENT A. ELIMINATION PROCESS: 1. STARVING-removal of fuel 2. COOLING –lowering-off of temperature 3. SMOTHERING/BLANKETING- taking-off of oxygen B. INHIBITION PROCESS: 1. By means of breaking the chain reaction of the 3 elements of the triangle of Fire 2. Inhibiting the flash point and ignition process of a material.

CLASSES OF FIRE Class A- Solid fire- ordinary combustible materials (Ex. Paper, wood, plastic, etc…) (GREEN TRIANGLE) Cooling method of extinguishment is applicable Class B- Liquid and Gas- Flammable liquids (Ex. Gasoline, Thinner, alcohol, oils, etc..) (RED SQUARE) Blanketing method is the most effective extinguishment Class C- Electrical energized equipment (BLUE CIRCLE)

Non-conductive method/agent of extinguishment is best Class D- Combustible metals (YELLOW STAR) Specific chemical agent is required for specific metal involved Class K- Hybrid Oils Blanketing method is the most suited extinguishment Class E- Nuclear fire – Atomic in nature (ATOMIC SYMBOL)

TRANSFER OF HEAT 1. 2.

3. 4.

DIRECT CONTACT- from one heat source transferred to another. CONVECTION- heat is transferred through a circulating medium (smoke, heated air or hot gases) usually occurs in a closed or curtailed room or area. CONDUCTION- heat is transferred through a conducting medium. RADIATION- heat is transferred from one body to another through intervening space by heat and light rays, smoke and a traveling flame in the air.

STAGES OF FIRE INCIPIENT STAGE- starting stage of fire wherein rise of hot gasses (smoke) occurs and present oxygen is being consumed by the starting flame. FREE BURNING/FLAME STAGE- secondary stage of fire wherein heat rise up at the affected upper areas and temperature is more than 1000 degrees Fahrenheit and flame is consuming the least available oxygen and the fuel present. HOT SMODERING STAGE- temperature is so high due to high fuel burning concentration. In a contained or closed area where hot smoldering is present may cause explosive force due to the sudden intrusion of fresh air called as the “Back draft phenomenon”.

PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

7.

8.  

SMOKE- visible product of incomplete combustion HEAT- form of energy, measured in the degree of temperature LIGHT- visible rays of flame FLAME- visible body of burning gas EMBERS-burned material particularly of wood SOOT-light weight burned finely divided carbon particles ASHES- total burned carbon products or residue of combustion composed primary of sodium and potassium carbonate FIRE GASES Carbon dioxide (CO2) a gas product from a complete combustion Carbon monoxide (CO) the most dangerous product of incomplete combustion for it is odorless, invisible, inflammable yet very toxic and poisonous.

FIRE LOSSES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

DEATH INJURIES TRAUMA PROPERTY DAMAGE PROPERTY LOSS OPPORTUNITY LOSS TIME LOSS

CAUSES OF FIRE MAN MADEIntentional-with malicious motive such as revenge,to cover-up another crime, or to cripple ones business and vandalism. Unintentional-without malicious intent, carelessness, negligence.  NATURAL- without human involvement such as lightning, volcanic eruption, earthquake. 

Common Causes of Fire 1. ELECTRICAL: Overloading Overheating Short Circuit 2. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 3. Smoking 4. Candles and katols 5. Kitchen Fires 6. Spontaneous Combustion 7. Welding Operation 8. Arson 9. Lightning

FIRE PREVENTION MEASURES 1.

2. 3. 4.

GOOD HOUSEKEEPING PROPER STORAGE OF FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS ELECTRICAL SAFETY REGULAR INSPECTION

FIRE PREVENTION MANAGEMENTS 1.EDUCATION 2.ENGINEERING 3.ENFORCEMENT

FIRE PROTECTION -

REFERS TO EVERYTHING RELATED TO THE PREVENTION, DETECTION, AND EXTINGUISHMENT OF FIRE AND REDUCTION OF LOSSES.

AUTOMATIC FIRE ALARM & DETECTION SYSTEM (AFADS)- INTEGRATED DETECTION, ALARM AND FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM FIRE EQUIPMENT A. INIATING DEVICES1. DETECTORS: (1) Smoke, (2) Flame, (3) Heat 2. MANUAL STATION- basically an on and off alarm switch device that indicates/which has a mark ”Push or Pull or Break Glass in Case of Fire”. B. INDICATING DEVICES1. AUDIBLE ALARM SIGNAL DEVICES- Bell, chimes, horns, buzzer, siren 2. VISIBLE ALARM SIGNAL DEVICES- Lamp & drop enunciators, strobe lights 3. COMBINATION (BOTH)- Audible and visible integrated alarm signal C. FIRE ALARM CONTROL PANEL- THE CONTROL UNIT -It provides power to the system and electrically supervises its circuits where it receives signals from alarm from initiating devices and supplementary equipment.

FIRE PROTECTION FIRE SUPPRESSION EQUIPMENT 1. FIRST AID FIREFIGHTING APPLIANCE-FIRE EXTINGUISHER HOW TO USE: 1. PULL THE PIN 2. AIM THE NOZZLE AT THE BASE OF FIRE 3. SQUEESE LEVER 4. SWEEP SIDE TO SIDE 2. STANDPIPE SYSTEM COMPOSITION: 1. FIRE HOSE CABINET (AXE, EXTINGUISHER & HOSE) 2. FIRE DEPARTMENT CONNECTION (SIAMESE TWIN) 3. FIRE HYDRANT 4. FIRE PUMP TYPES: 1. DRY 2. WET 3. COMBINATION 3. SPRINKLER SYSTEM- LAST OPTION IN AUTOMATIC FIRE SUPPRESSION INSIDE A BUILDING WHERE IN FLOODING SYSTEM IS DIRECTED TO THE COVERED AREA. 4. FIRE ENGINES

HUMAN OBSERVERIS A TOTAL AND THE BEST FIRE PROTECTION UNIT WHEREIN HE CAN IMMEDIATELY ACT UPON THE CONDITION IN A VERY FLEXIBLE WAY.

 END  Good  GOD

Day!!

BLESS!