Global Interstate System. A Struture Of Globalization (1)

Global Interstate System: A Structure of Globalization

A quick recap…

• What is Globalization? –Results from the removal of barriers between national economies to encourage the flow of goods, services, capital, and labor

Let’s discuss

Global Interstate System

Discussion… Explain the effects of globalization on governments?  You can refer to the sent article and the abstract of a study sent via the GC as your bases

The Institutions that govern International Relations

History of United Nations • US President Franklin Roosevelt coined the name United Nations that was used in the Declaration of United Nations on January 1, 1942 • Only 26 nation representatives pledged their government to: – Employ its full resources, military or economic against those members of the Tripartite Pact and its adherents with which such government is at war – Cooperate with the governments signatory hereto and not to make armistice or peace with the enemies

The United Nations • Allies to fight against the axis powers in the 2nd world war • Officially come to existence • 50 country representatives met and held the UN Conference on International Organization to Officially make the UN Charter

Regional Commissions • ECA – Economic Commission for Africa • ECE – Economic Commission for Europe • ECLAC – Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean • ESCAP – Economic & Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific • ESCWA – Economic & Social Commission for West Asia

Selected Institutions associated with World Trade • World Bank – The international financial institution that provides loan to countries for capital projects – Established by the UN Monetary & Financial Conference or the Bretton Woods Conference

World Bank Group • International Bank Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) – Offers loans to middle income countries to develop and improve their country

World Bank Group • International Development Association (IDA) – Provides loans and grant programs that boost economic growth, reduce inequalities and improve people’s living conditions

World Bank Group • International Finance Corporation (IFC) – Provides loans for private sectors in developing countries to create markets that open up opportunities for all

World Bank Group • International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) – Administered the majority of international investment cases – Forum for investors in most of international investment treaties and in numerous investment laws and contracts

World Bank Group • International Monetary Fund (IMF) – Ensure the stability of the international monetary system by: • Keeping track of the global economy and economies of member countries • Lending to countries with balance of payments difficulties • Giving practical help to members

World Bank Group • World Trade Organization (WTO) – Regulates international trades – Deals with the rule trade between nations – Ensures the trade will flow smoothly, predictable, a freely as possible – Acts as forum in negotiation trade agreements

World Bank Group • Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) – Consists of 35 member countries – Stimulate economic progress and world trade – Providing a platform to compare policy experiences, seeking answers to common problems, identify good practices, and coordinate domestic and international policies of its members

Specialized Agencies • International Labor Organization – A United Nations agency that deals on labor problems, particularly international labor standards, social protection, and work opportunities for all

Specialized Agencies • World Health Organization (WHO) – Regulates international trades – Deals with the rule trade between nations – Ensures the trade will flow smoothly, predictable, a freely as possible – Acts as forum in negotiation trade agreements

Specialized Agencies • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) – – – –

Leads international efforts to defeat hunger Help eliminate hunger, food insecurity, malnutrition Reduce rural poverty Make agriculture, forestry and fishery more productive and sustainable – Enable inclusive and efficient agricultural and food systems – Increase resilience of livelihoods to threats and crises

Specialized Agencies • United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization – To contribute to peace and security by promoting international collaboration through educational, scientific and cultural reforms in order to increase universal respect for justice, the rule of law, and human rights along with fundamental freedom – Contribute to build peace

Specialized Agencies • World Health Organization (WHO) – Building a better, healthier future for the people all over the world – Concern about public health – Prime concern is to eradicate and combat dangerous diseases like HIV/AIDS – Make researches in medicines and vaccines to eliminate diseases and development of nutritious foods – Responsible for World Health Report and Survey

Other Specialized International Institutions • International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) – To foster the planning and development of international air transport so as to ensure the safe and orderly growth of international civil aviation throughout the world

Other Specialized International Institutions • International Maritime Organization (IMO) – Responsible for the safety and security of shipping and the prevention of marine pollution by ships

Other Specialized International Institutions • International Telecommunication Union (ITU) – Connecting the world’s people – Allocate global radio spectrum and satellite orbits – Develop the technical standards that ensure networks and technologies seamlessly interconnect – Strive to improve access to ICTs to underserved communities worldwide

Other Specialized International Institutions • Universal Postal Union (UPU) – Ensure a truly universal network of up-to-date products and services – Sets the rules for international mail exchanges and makes recommendations to stimulate growth in mail, parcel and financial services volumes and improve quality of service for customers

Other Specialized International Institutions • World Meteorological Organization (WMO) – A specialized agency of the UN for meteorology (weather and climate), operational hydrology and related geophysical sciences – The UN system’s authoritative voice on the state and behavior of the Earth’s atmosphere, its interactions with the oceans, the climate it produces, and the resulting distribution of water resources

Other Specialized International Institutions • World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) – Intellectual property refers to creations of mind, such as inventions, literary and artistic works, designs and symbols, names and images used in commerce (eg. Patents, copyright, trademarks – Lead the development of a balanced and effective international intellectual property (IP) system that enables innovation and creativity for the benefit of all

Other Specialized International Institutions • International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) – Invest in rural people, empowering them to: • increase their food security • Improve nutrition of their families • Increase their incomes

– Building resilience, expand their business and take charge of their own development

Other Specialized International Institutions • United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) – The specialized agency of the United Nations that promotes industrial development for poverty reduction, inclusive globalization and environmental sustainability

Other Specialized International Institutions • World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) – Promotion of responsible, sustainable and universally accessible tourism – Leads the promotion of tourism as a driver of economic growth, inclusive development and offers leadership and support to the sector in advancing knowledge and tourism policies worldwide

Discussion… • Globalism versus Internationalism

Quiz

Assignment