Parts Of Speech 1

English Grammar Parts of Speech

Parts of Speech Nouns

Adjectives

Conjunctions

NOUNS • PERSON PLACE THING IDEA

1. NOUNS Nouns are mostly words for people, animals, things, places and concepts. English nouns can be countable or uncountable. They can be divided into different types.

Common Noun-teacher, girl, deer, pen, shop, etc. Proper Noun-John, Cheras, London, Toyota, etc. Material Noun-butter, cream, grease, salt, etc. Collective Noun-bunch, herd, troop, shoal, etc Abstract Noun-joy, honesty, humility, wealthy, etc.

Word that names… A

Person

A

Place  A Thing  An Idea

Kinds of Nouns Common Nouns boy girl

Singular Nouns boy girl

Singular Possessive boy’s girl’s

Proper Nouns John Mary Plural Nouns boys girls Plural Possessive boys’ girls’

2. PRONOUNS Pronouns are words that take the place of nouns. There are four main kinds of pronouns. Personal Pronouns - I, we, you, they, he , she, it. Possessive Pronouns - mine, ours, yours, theirs, his, hers, its Relative Pronouns - who, which, whose, that, whom Reflexive & Emphatic Pronouns - myself, ourselves, yourself yourselves, themselves, himself, herself, itself

The pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns. It may stand for a person, place, thing, or idea. Indefinite Pronouns anybody each either none someone, one, etc.

3. VERBS Verbs are words which describe an action, or mention feelings and conditions Describing an actionswim, sing, play, bark, dive, draw, fly

Mentioning feelings and conditionsappear, appear to be, feel, seem, seem to be, become

A word that expresses action or otherwise helps to make a statement Action

“be” verbs & taste feel sound look appear become seem grow remain stay

Every sentence must have

a

Kinds of Verbs 

Action verbs express mental or physical action.

He rode the horse to victory.



Linking verbs make a statement by connecting the subject with a word that describes or explains it.

He has been sick.

ADJECTIVES • DESCRIBES A NOUN OR PRONOUN

BEAUTIFUL sunset

4. ADJECTIVE Adjectives are words that describe, change or modify the meaning of a noun.

Adjectives of quality- old, brave, thick, pretty Adjectives of colour- blue, light brown, greener Adjectives of quantity- fifty, kilo, little, few Adjectives which show types- Italian, plastic, hard Interrogative Adjectives- which, what, whose Demonstrative Adjectives- this, these, that, those

Modifies or describes a noun or pronoun.

Did you lose your address book? Is that a wool sweater? Just give me five minutes.

Answers these questions:

ADVERBS DESCRIBES VERB, ADJECTIVE, ANOTHER ADVERB SHINING BRIGHTLY

5. ADVERBS Adverbs are also known as modifiers. It modifies the meaning of verbs, adjective or adverb. Adverbs of manner can be formed by adding –ly to adjective- slow-slowly; polite-politely Adverbs of time answer the question „when‟-often, yesterday, daily, recently, before, lately Adverbs of place answer the question where- here, upstairs, indoors, abroad, between, nearby Adverbs of degree answer the question „how much‟ and „to what extent‟ – almost, rather, less, hardly

Modifies or describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.

Answers the questions:

He ran quickly. She left yesterday. We went there. It was too hot!

To what degree or how much?

Interrogative Adverbs introduce questions

How did you break your leg?

How often do you run? Where did you put the mouse trap?

PREPOSITIONS

IN FRONT OF the cow

RELATES A NOUN OR PRONOUN TO ANOTHER WORD IN THE SENTENCE

6. PREPOSITIONS Prepositions are words placed before a noun or pronoun to show position, time, directions and many other functions. Prepositions of place- up, down, above, into, outside, off, away from Prepositions of time- until, before, by, while, since, within, by, at Prepositions of direction- over, across, along, about, around, past

A preposition introduces a noun or pronoun or a phrase or clause functioning in the sentence as a noun. The word or word group that the preposition introduces is its object.

They received a postcard from Bobby telling about his trip to Canada.

The preposition

never stands alone! object of preposition preposition

object

You can press those leaves under glass. can have more than one object

Her telegram to Nina and Ralph brought good news. object can have modifiers It happened during the last examination.

Some Common Prepositions aboard about above across after against along among around at before

behind below beneath beside between beyond by down during except for

from in into like of off on over past since through

throughout to toward under underneath until up upon with within without

CONJUNCTIONS WATER

AND

ROCKS

CONNECTS WORDS OR INDIVIDUAL GROUPS OF WORDS  AND, BUT, OR, NOR,FOR, SO, YET  EITHER, OR, NEITHER, NOR, 

7. CONJUNCTIONS Conjunctions are words used to connect words, phrases or sentences Coordinate Conjunctions join words, phrases and sentences of equal rank. e.g. and, or, so, but, either… or, neither ….nor, both… and Subordinate Conjunctions join words, phrases, and sentences of unequal rank. e.g. although, because, so that, in order to, as…as, although…. yet, whether… yet

The conjunction A conjunction is a word that joins words or groups of words.

or

but

The End Wang/JB