Didn’t Need To - Needn’t Have

DIDN’T NEED TO NEEDN’T HAVE

DIDN’T NEED TO - NEEDN’T HAVE • Both of these expressions are used for the past, as “didn’t” and “have”, in each expression, make it refer to a past situation.

• 1. John didn’t need to study over the weekend because he didn’t have any exams during the week.

• 2. In the end, John didn’t have any exams this week, so he needn’t have studied.

STRUCTURE 1. didn’t need to + infinitive –> didn’t need to do The sun came out so we didn't need to take any rainwear on the trip. 2. needn’t have + past participle –> needn’t have done You needn't have washed the dishes. I would've put them in the dishwasher.

MEANING

1. John didn’t need to study over the weekend because he didn’t have any exams during the week. 2. In the end, John didn’t have any exams this week, so he needn’t have studied.

• In the first one we know that John didn’t study, but in the second we know that he did study. So when we use “needn’t have done” it means that the subject did the action although it wasn’t necessary. • 1. I didn’t need to take my jacket to the concert because I knew it would be so warm. (this person probably didn’t take the jacket.)

• 2. I needn’t have taken my jacket to the concert, but I had no idea it would be so warm. (this person definitely took the jacket.)

EXAMPLES • It started raining heavily so I didn’t need to water the flowers. (it wasn’t necessary, so I didn’t do that.) • It was my day off yesterday, that’s why I didn’t need to get up early.(It was not obligatory for me) • You needn’t have done the washing up as I was going to do that tomorrow.

• When the party was over, I realized that you needn’t have cooked so much food as most of it was untouched. • Yesterday my friend had already bought 2 tickets for the concert so you really needn’t have bought another one, it was a waste of money.

VOCABULARY 1.

Keep up: maintein or preserve something in the existing state

2.

Moving: producing strong emotion

3.

Make it: manage to arrive on time

4.

Make do: manage whit the limited or means available

VOCABULARY • Match them to their definitions and write a sentences

• 1.

Maintain or preserve something in the existing state

moving ________

• 2.

Producing strong emotion

make do ________

• 3.

Manage to arrive on time

keep up ________

• 4.

Manage with the limited or inadequate means available

meke it _________