091 092 Vfr Ifr

Contents FOREWORD .................................................................................................................................................................................................V How to use this book ............................................................................................................................................................................VI JAA exam questions & time limits .....................................................................................................................................................VII

091 VFR COMMUNiCATION .............................................................................................................................. 1 01 DEFINITIONS 01-01 Meanings and Significance of Associated Terms ................................................................................................................... 3 01-02 Air Traffic Services Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................. 3 01-03 Q-Code Groups Commonly Used in RTF Air-Ground Communications ..................................................•.•.••••.•...•.•....•.•.. 4 01-04 Categories of Messages ............................................................................................................................................................. 5

02 GENERAL OPERATING PROCEDURES 02-01 Transmission of Letters ............................................................................................................................................................... 7 02-02 Transmission of Numbers (Including Level Information} ..................................................................................................... 7 02-03 Transmission of Time .................................................................................................................................................................. 8 02-04 Transmission Technique ............................................................................................................................................................. 8 02-05 Standard Words and Phrases (Relevant RTF Phraseology Included} ..:.............................................................................. 9 02-06 Radiotelephony Call Signs for Aeronautical Stations Including Use of Abbreviated Call Signs ...•............................. 12 02-07 Radiotelephony Call Signs for Aircraft Including Use of Abbreviated Call Signs .......................................................... 12 02-08 Transfer of Communication ..................................................................................................................................................... 13 02-09 Test Procedures Including Readability Scale •.•.•..••.••..•.•.........................................................•.•..•...•.•.•..•.•....•..•...•.•...•........ 13 02-10 Read Back and Acknowledgement Requirements ..................................•............•.•.••.•....•.•.•....•.........•..•............................·14 02-11 Radar Procedural Phraseology ....................•....•.•..•.••.•••...••.................................................••.•....•.•..••.•....•.••.•.•..•....•.•.•.•.•....... 15

03 RELEVANT WEATHER INFORMATION TERMS (VFR) 03-01 Aerodrome Weather ................................................................................................................................................................. 17 03-02 Weather Broadcast .................................................................................................................................................................... 18

04 ACTION REQUIRED TO BE TAKEN IN CASE OF COMMUNICATION FAILURE ......................................... 19 05 DISTRESS AND URGENCY PROCEDURES 05-01 Distress (Definition - Frequencies - Watch of Distress Frequencies - Distress Signal - Distress Message} •.•............. 21 05-02 Urgency (Definition - Frequencies - Urgency Signal- Urgency Message) ..................................................................... 22

06 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF VHF PROPAGATION AND FREQUENCY ALLOCATION ............................. 25

IIII

.092 IFR COMMUNICATION ..............................................................................................................................27 01 DEFINITIONS 01-01 Meanings and Significance of Associated Terms .................................................................................................................29 01-02 Air Traffic Control Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................29 01-03 Q-Code Groups Commonly Used in RTF Air-Ground Communications ......................................................................... 31 01-04 Categories of Messages ...................................................;.......................................................................................................32

02 GENERAL OPERATING PROCEDURES 02-01 Transmission of Letters .............................................................................................................................................................35 02-02 Transmission of Numbers (Including Level Information) ...••.•.••.•.•....••...•..•.•.•...••.•.•.•.•..•••.•..•.•.•.•.••.•.....•..........................•. 35 02-03 Transmission of Time ................................................................................................................................................................36 02-04 Transmission Technique ...........................................................................................................................................................37 02-05 Standard Words and Phrases (Relevant RTF Phraseology Included) ............................................................................... 37 02-06 Radiotelephony Call Signs for Aeronautical Stations Including Use of Abbreviated Call Signs •.•.•...••..••.......•...•...••..41 02-07 Radiotelephony Call Signs For Aircraft Including Use of Abbreviated Call Signs •.•..•.•..•.•.•••••..•..•.........•......................42 02-08 Transfer of Communication ..................................•........•..•.••..•.••.•.••.•....•....•..•.....•..•.••....•......•..•....•••.......................................42 02-09 Test Procedures Including Readability Scale; Establishment of RTF Communication .................................................43 02-10 Read Back and Acknowledgement Requirements ..............................................................................................................44 02-11 Radar Procedural Phraseology ...................................................~ ...•.•.....................•........••....•.•...•.•.........................................45 02-12 Level Changes and Reports .....•...............................................................................................................................................47

03 ACTION REQUIRED TO BE TAKEN IN CASE OF COMMUNICATION FAILURE .........................................49 04 DISTRESS AND URGENCY PROCEDURES 04-01 PAN Medical .•.•.•.•.•......•.•.•...........•............................................•.................................................................................................53 04-02 Distress (Definition - Frequencies - Watch of Distress Frequencies - Distress Signal- Distress Message) ............... 53 04-03 Urgency (Definition - Frequencies - Urgency Signal- Urgency Message) .•.•..•...•...•..•.•..•.•............................................ 55

05 RELEVANT WEATHER INFORMATION TERMS (lFR) 05-01 Aerodrome Weather .................................................................................................................................................................57 05-02 Weather Broadcast ....................................................................................................................................................................58

06 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF VHF PROPAGATION AND FREQUENCY ALLOCATION ............................. 59 PICTURE SUPPLEMENTS EXPLANATIONS ...........................................................................................................................61

091 VFR Communication

,

/ )

01 Definitions

DEFINITIONS 01-01 Meanings and Significance of Associated Terms 24700. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL The three main categories of aeronautical communications service are:

A) B) C) D)

IFR, VFR, SVFR Air-Ground, Flight Information Service, AT( Ground, Approach, Tower GroundlTower, Approach/Departure, Area Radar

ICAO Annex 70, Volume I/, Chapter 1: BROADCAST. A transmission of information relating to air navigation that is not addressed to a specific station or stations.

There are 3 main categories of aeronautical communications service: 7) Air traffic control service (ATC) which can only be provided by licensed Controllers. 2) Flight Information Service at aerodromes can be provided only by licensed Flight Information Service Officers (FISOs), who are mainly selfregulated. 3) Aerodromeair-ground communications service (A/G) which can be provided by Radio Operators who are not licensed, but have obtained a certificate of competency to operate radio equipment on aviation frequencies. These operations come under the jurisdiction of the radio license holder, but are not regulated in any other way. 31218. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli What does the term "BROADCAST" mean?

ATPL

C) A transmission of information relating to air navigation that is not addressed to a specific station or stations. D) A transmission containing meteorological and operational information to aircraft engaged in flights over remote and oceanic areas out of range of VHF ground stations.

31219. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL What does the term "AIR-GROUND COMMUNICATION" mean?

A) One-way communication from stations or locations on the surface ofthe Earth. B) One-way communication from aircraft to stations or locations on the surface of the Earth. C) Two-way communication between aircraft and stations or locations on the surface of the Earth. D) Any communication from aircraft to ground station requiring handling by the Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication Network (AFTN).

CPL

A) A transmission where no reply is required from the receiving station. B) A radiotelephony transmission from ground station to aircraft in flight.

ICAO Annex 10, Volume II, Chapter 1: AIR-GROUND COMMUNICATION. Two-way communication between aircraft and stations or locations on the surface of the Earth.

01-02 Air Traffic Services Abbreviations 3208. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL Which abbreviation is used for the term CONTROL ZONE?

3215. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli What does the abbreviation HJ mean?

A) CTA

A) B) C) D)

B) CZ

C) CTZ D) CTR ICAO Doc 8400: CTR =CONTROL ZONE. ATPL

ATPL

CPL

No specific working hours. Sunset to sunrise. Sunrise to sunset. Continuous day and night service.

3218. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli What does the abbreviation HX mean?

CPL

Flight information required. Flight information region. Flow information received. Flight information radar.

A) B) C) D)

ICAO Doc 8400: FIR = Flight Information Region.

I 24700 (8) I 31218 (C) I 31219 (C) I

CPL

ICAO Doc 8400: HJ means "from sunrise to sunset':

3209. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli What does the abbreviation FIR mean?

A) B) C) D)

ATPL

3208 (D)

Continuous day and night service. Sunrise to sunset. Sunset to sunrise. No specific working hours.

ICAO Doc 8400: HX means "no specific working hours':

I

3209 (8)

I

3215 (C)

I

3218 (D)

I

..

Aviationexam Test Prep Edition 2012 3224. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL Which abbreviation is used for Coordinated Universal Time?

3236. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli What does the abbreviation AFIS mean?

A) UTe B) CUT C) GMT 0) caUT

ATPL

CPL

A) Aerodrome flashing identification signal. B) Automatic flight information service. C) Aeronautical flight information system. 0) Aerodrome flight information service.

ICAO Doc 8400: UTC = Coordinated Universal Time.

ICAO Doc 8400: AFIS =Aerodrome Flight Information Service.

01-03 Q-Code Groups Commonly Used in RTF Air-Ground Communications 3207.

Airplane

ATPL

Heli

CPL

ATPL

Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL If you are requested to report your height, to which Q-code setting would you refer?

CPL

3216.

What does QTE mean? A) Magnetic heading to the station. B) Magnetic bearing from the station. C) True heading to the station (no wind). 0) True bearing from the station.

A) QBI B) QNH C) QOM

0) QFE

ICAO Doc 8400: QTE =True Bearing (from the station).

Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL What is the Q-code for MAGNETIC HEADING TO THE STATION (NO WIND)? 3211.

A) B) C) 0)

QOM QOR QNE QTE

Airplane

3223.

Airplane ATPL CPL What does QDM mean?

Heli

3212.

ATPL

ICAO Doc 8400: QDR

Heli

CPL

Heli

ATPL

CPL

=Magnetic Bearing (from the station).

Airplane

3232.

ATPL

CPL

Heli

ATPL

CPL

Which Q-code is used to report altitude?

ICAO Doc 8400: QDM =Magnetic heading (zero wind).

ATPL

CPL

A) QTE B) QOR C) QOM 0) QFE

CPL

A) True bearing from the station. B) Magnetic bearing from the station. C) True heading to the station (no wind). 0) Magnetic heading to the station (no wind).

Airplane

ATPL

What is the Q-code for magnetic bearing from the station?

ICAO Doc 8400: QDM = Magnetic heading (zero wind).

3213.

ICAO Annex 10 - chapter 1 - section 1.9 (Flight Level) QFE: The observed pressure at a specified datum (usually aerodrome or runway threshold elevation) corrected for temperature. When the pilot is asked to maintain for example 2500 ft above the aerodrome QFE, the reference is made as "height of 2500 ft" - not as an altitude of 2500 ft. When the term altitude is used, it refers to altimeter reading based on QNH value set in the sub-scale.

ATPL

CPL

QNH is the Q-codeto indicate: A) the atmospheric pressure measured at the aerodrome reference point (ARP). B) the atmospheric pressure at aerodrome elevation (or at runway threshold). C) the altimeter sub-scale setting to obtain elevation when on the ground. 0) the atmospheric pressure referred to the highest obstacle located on the surface of an aerodrome. ICAO Doc 8400: QNH = the altimeter sub-scale setting to obtain elevation when on the ground. QNH = the QFE reduced to mean sea level (MSL) pressure using the standard atmosphere lapse rate. The pressure altimeter is calibrated to the standard atmosphere, and so when QNH is set on the altimeter subscale, the instrument indicates the airfield elevation at the airfield datum point. We talk above of reducing QFE to QNH. It is however a reduction in height which results in an increase in pressure when changing QFE to QNH for an airfield which is above MSL. When ATe clearance includes an altitude, it should be accompanied by the current QNH value.

A) QNH B) QFE C) QFF 0) QNJ For explanation refer to question #3213 on this page.

3233. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL What is the Q-code for TRUE BEARING FROM THE STATION?

A) B) C) 0)

QFE QOR QOM QTE

ICAO Doc 8400: QTE = True Bearing (from the station).

3234. Airplane ATPL CPL What does QDR mean?

A) B) C) 0.)

Heli

ATPL

CPL

True heading to the station. Magnetic heading to the station (no wind). True bearing from the station. Magnetic bearing from the station.

leAO Doc 8400: QDR = Magnetic Bearing (from the station).

..

I I

3224 (A) 3234 (0)

I I

3236 (D)

I

3207 (0)

I

3211 (A)

I

3212 (0)

I

3213 (C)

I

3216 (0)

I

3223 (8)

I

3232 (A)

I

3233 (0)

I

01 Definitions 24583. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL An aircraft is requested to fly at 2.500 feet on the airfield QFE. All references to vertical position should now be referred to as:

A) B) C) D)

height altitude pressure altitude flight level

POSITIONS: Class A - accurate within 9,3 km (5 NM); Class B - accurate within 37 km (20 NM); Class C - accurate within 92 km (50 NM); Class 0 - accuracy less than Class C. 24602. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL You pbtain a clearance to descend to an ALTITUDE of 2.500 feet, the clearance should also include the following pressure setting or settings:

For explanation refer to question #3216 on page 4.

A) QFE B) QNE C) QFEorQNH D) QNH

Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL If a ground DIF controller passes a bearing thus: " your true bearing is 256°, class alpha." This means: 24600.

A) QTE accurate to ± 5°. B) QUJ accurate to ± 3°. C) QDR accurate to ± 2°. D) QTE accurate to ± 2°.

For explanation refer to question #3213 on page 4. 24604. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL A VDF Bearing or heading may be passed using the appropriate phrase or "Q" code. The code QDR means:

ICAO Doc 8400: OTE =True bearing.

A) the true bearing of the aircraft from the ground station. B) the magnetic bearing of the aircraft from the ground station. C) the magnetic heading to steered by the aircraft to reach the VDF station. D) the aircraft is instructed to turn onto the specified heading unless it is unable to comply, in which case ATC must be immediately advised.

ICAO Annex 10, Volume II, 6.2.12 According to the estimate by the direction-finding station of the accuracy of the observations, bearings and positions shall be classified as follows: BEARINGS Class A - accurate within ± 2"; Class B - accurate within ± 50; Class C - accurate within ± 100; Class 0 - accuracy less than Class C.

ICAO Doc 8400: ODR =Magnetic Bearing (from the station).

01-04 Categories of Messages 3204. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL Air Traffic Control messages (clearances, instructions, etc.) belong to the category of:

A) flight safety messages. B) flight regularity messages. C) service messages. D) class B messages.

e) METEOROLOGICAL messages f) FLIGHT REGULARITY messages

3214. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL The message to an aeronautical ground station "PLEASE CALL A TAXI-CAB FOR US. WE WILL ARRIVE AT 1045 AS SCHEDULED" is:

A) B) C) D)

(Refer to figure 090-E01) ICAO Annex 10, Volume II, chapter 4.4 3210. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL Which of the messages listed below shall not be handled by the aeronautical mobile service?

A) B) C) D)

Meteorological messages. Radio teletype messages. Flight safety messages. Urgency messages.

(Refer to figure 090-E01) ICAOAnnex 10, Volume II, 5.1.1.2 The transmission of messages, other than those specified in 5.1.8, on aeronautical mobile frequencies when the aeronautical fixed services are able to serve the intended purpose, shall be avoided. [. ..]

ICAO Annex 10, Volume I/, 5.1.8 - Categories of messages: The categories of messages handled by the aeronautical mobile service and the order of priority in the establishment of communications and the transmission of messages shall be in accordance with the following table (Message category and order ofpriority): a) DISTRESS calls, distress messages and distress traffic b) URGENCY messages, including messages preceded by the medical transports signal c) Communications relating to DIRECTION FINDING d) FLIGHT SAFETY messages

124583 (A) 124600 (0) 124602 (0) 124604 (8) 1 3204 (A)

an unauthorized message. a flight regularity message. a flight safety messages. an urgency message.

For explanation refer to question #3210 on this page. 3217. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL The priority of the instruction "TAXI TO RUNWAY 05" is:

A) same as "LINE-UP RUNWAY 07 AND WAIT". B) greater than "TRANSMIT FOR QDM". C) greater than "CAUTION, CONSTRUCTION OF TAXIWAY". D) less than "CLEARED TO LAND". (Refer to figure 090-E01) ICAO Annex 10, Volume II, 4.4 ICAO DOC 4444, Chapter 11, 11.1 Categories of messages [. ..] d) Control messages (FF), including: - clearance messages - transfer of control messages - flow control messages - position report and air-report messages.

1 3210 (8)

1 3214 (A)

1 3217 (A)

1

WORK LEFT

Aviationexam Test Prep Edition 2012

3222. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL What does the term "BLIND TRANSMISSION" mean? A) A transmission where no reply is required from the receiving station. B) A transmission of information relating to air navigation that is not addressed to a specific station or stations. C) A transmission of messages relating to enroute weather information which may affect the safety of aircraft operations that is not addressed to a specific station or stations. D) A transmission from one station to another station in circumstances where two-way communication cannot be established but it is believed that the called station is able to receive the transmission. ICAO Annex 10, Volume II, Chapter 1: BLIND TRANSMISSION: A transmission from one station to another station in circumstances where two-way communication cannot be established but where it is believed that the called station is able to receive the transmission.

3230. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL The order of priority of the following messages in the aeronautical mobile service is: A) flight regularity message, distress message, meteorological message. B) meteorological message, direction finding message, flight safety message. C) flight safety message, meteorological message, flight regularity message. D) flight safety message, direction finding message, urgency message. ICAO Annex 10, Volume II, 5.1.8 - Categories of messages: The categories of messages handled by the aeronautical mobile service and the order of priority in the establishment of communications and the transmission of messages shall be in accordance with the following table (Message category and order ofpriority): a) DISTRESS calls, distress messages and distress traffic b) URGENCY messages, including messages preceded by the medical transports signal c) Communications relating to DIRECTION FINDING d) FLIGHT SAFETY messages e) METEOROLOGICAL messages f) FLIGHT REGULARITY messages

3231. Airplane ATPL CPL Flight safety messages are:

Heli

ATPL

CPL

A) operation messages concerning non-routine landings. B) air traffic control messages. C) messages concerning the safety of an aircraft, a vessel, any other vehicle or a person. D) messages relating to direction finding. For explanation refer to question #3217 on page 5.

3235. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL A message concerning an aircraft being threatened by grave and imminent danger, requiring immediate assistance is called: A) flight safety message. B) distress message. C) urgency message. D) class B message.

3238. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL The message addressed to an Area Control Centre "REQUEST RADAR VECTORS TO CIRCUMNAVIGATE ADVERSE WEATHER" is:

..

3222 (D)

I

3230 (C)

(Refer to figure 090-E01) ICAO Annex 10, Volume I/, chapter 4.4

3239. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL The clearance "CLEARED FOR IMMEDIATE TAKEOFF RUNWAY 03" is: A) a flight safety message. B) an urgency message. C) an unauthorized message. D) a flight regularity message For explanation refer to question #3217 on page 5.

3240. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL The order of priority of the following messages in the aeronautical mobile service is: A) distress message, urgency message, direction finding message. B) direction finding message, distress message, urgency message. C) distress message, flight safety message, urgency message. D) meteorological message, direction finding message, flight regularity message. For explanation refer to question #3230 on this page.

3247. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL A message concerning aircraft parts and material urgently required is: A) a flight security message. B) an urgency message. C) a flight safety message. D) a flight regularity message. (Refer to figure 090-E01) ICAO Annex 10, Volume II, chapter 4.4

24577. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL Aeronautical messages are given an order of priority. Which of the following statements reflects the correct order of priority? A) Meteorological messages take precedence over direction finding messages. B) Flight safety messages will be handled before urgency messages. C) Messages relating to direction finding take precedence over flight regularity messages. D) Flight safety messages take precedence over direction finding messages. For explanation refer to question #3230 on this page.

24584. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL You receive the following ATC message: "G-ABCD after departure cleared to zone boundary via route Charlie. Climb to altitude 2.000 feet QNH1010, squawk 6313" This message is: A) a clearance to takeoff and depart to the zone boundary via route Charlie at 2.000 feet. B) a clearance to line-up. C) a flight safety message. D) a flight regularity message.

(Refer to figure 090-E01) ICAO Annex 10, Volume II, chapter 4.4

I

A) a meteorological message. B) a flight safety message. C) an urgency message. D) a message relating to direction finding.

I

3231 (8)

I

3235 (8)

I

For explanation refer to question #3217 on page 5.

3238 (8)

I

3239 (A)

I

3240 (A)

I

3247 (D)

I 24577 (C) I 24584 (C) I

02 General Operating Procedures

GENERAL OPERATING PROCEDURES 02-01 Transmission of Letters 3499. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL What is the correct way of spelling out HB-JYC in a radio message?

A) B) C) D)

ICAD Annex 70, Volume /I, 5.2.7.3- Word spelling. When proper names, service abbreviations and words of which the spelling is doubtful are spelled out in radiotelephony, the alphabet below shall be used... (see table 5-7 in ICAD Annex 70, Volume 11- Radiotelephony Spelling).

Hotel Bravo India Yankee Charlie Hotel Bravo Juliett India Kilo Hotel Bravo Juliett Yankee Charlie Hotel Bravo India Victor Charlie

02-02 Transmission of Numbers (Including Level Information) 3504. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL What is the correct way to transmit and read back frequency 120,375 MHz (VHF channel separated by 25 kHz)?

A) One two zero decimal three seven. B) One twenty decimal three seven. C) One two zero decimal three seven five. D) One two zero three seven.

D) the term DECIMAL must be spoken only if followed by three digits. (Refer to figure 090-E03) ICAD Annex 70, Volume 1/-5.2.7.4 Transmission of numbers 3530. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL What is the correct way of transmitting 1001 as a QNH?

A) B) C) D)

CAP 473 - Radiotelephony Manual:

f. ..J 7.4.4 - All six figures shall be used when identifying frequencies irrespective of whether they are 25 kHz or 8.33 kHz spaced. Exceptionally, when the final two digits of the frequency are both zero, only the first four digits need be given. In technical terms an 8.33 kHz frequency is referred to as a "channel'~ however the word "channel" is not used in RTF. Military phraseology for identifying UHF frequencies appears in Chapter 70 paragraph 2.7.

3507. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL What is the correct way of transmitting the number 3500 when indicating an altitude or a height?

A) B) C) D)

Three five double zero. Three five zero zero. Three five hundred. Three thousand five hundred.

Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL During the transmission of numbers containing a decimal point: 3529.

A) the term DECIMAL can be omitted if no chance of misunderstanding exists. B) the term DECIMAL can be omitted with friendly ATS units only. C) the term DECIMAL must always be transmitted. 3499 (C)

I

3504 (C)

I

3507 (0)

I

3529 (C)

I

(Refer to figure 090-E03) ICAD Annex 70, Volume 1/- 5.2.7.4 Transmission of numbers 3579. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL An aircraft is flying north-east at 2.500 feet. TOWER requests heading and level. What is the correct response?

A) B) C) D)

045 and 2.500. Heading north-east at level 25. Heading 45 at 2.500 feet. Heading 045 at 2.500 feet.

(Refer to figure 090-E03) ICAD Annex 70, Volume 11- 5.2.7.4 Transmission of numbers

(Refer to figure 090-E03) ICAD Annex 70, Volume 1/- 5.2. 7.4 Transmission of numbers

I

QNH one double 0 one. QNH one zero zero one. QNH one thousand and one. QNH one double zero one.

3530 (8)

I

24566. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli An altitude of 2600 feet is transmitted as:

A) B) C) D)

ATPL

CPL

two thousand six hundred feet. two six hundred feet. two six thousand feet. two six zero zero feet.

(Refer to figure 090-E03) ICAD Annex 70, Volume 11- 5.2.7.4 Transmission of numbers

3579 (0)

I 24566 (A) I

..

Aviationexam Test Prep Edition 2012 28490. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL What is the correct way of transmitting the number 13500 (when referring to altitude)? A) B) C) D)

ICAD Annex 70, Volume I/, Chapter 7: FLIGHT LEVEL: a surface of constant atmospheric pressure which is related to a specific pressure datum, 7073.2 hectopascals (hPa), and is separated from other such surfaces by specific pressure intervals.

one three five hundred. one three thousand five hundred. one three five zero zero. thirteen thousand five hundred.

(Refer to figure 090-E03) ICAD Annex 10, Volume 11- 5.2.1.4 Transmission of numbers

31217. Airplane A Flight Level is:

ATPL

CPL

C) a surface of varying atmospheric pressure related to a datum of 1.013,2 hPa. D) an altitude of constant height related to 1.013,2 hPa.

Heli

ATPL

CPL

A) a height above 3.000 ft. B) a surface of constant atmospheric pressure related to a datum of 1.013,2 hPa.

Note 7: A pressure type altimeter calibrated in accordance with the standard atmosphere: a) when set to a QNH altimeter setting, will indicate altitude; b) when set to a QFE altimeter setting, will indicate height above the QFE reference datum; c) when set to a pressure 7073.2 hPa, may be used to indicate flight levels. Note 2: The terms "height" and "altitude'~ used in Note 7 above, indicate altimetric rather than geometric heights and altitudes.

02-03 Transmission of Time 3510. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL When transmitting time, which time system shall be used? A) B) C) D)

Local time (LT), 24-hour clock. Co-ordinated universal time (UTC). Local time (LT) AM and PM. No specific system, as only the minutes are normally required.

(Refer to figure 090-E03) ICAD Annex 10, Volume 11- 5.2.1.4 Transmission of numbers ICAD Annex 10, Volume 11- 3.4 Time system 3.4.7 Universal Co-ordinated Time (UTC) shall be used by all stations in the aeronautical telecommunication service. Midnight shall be designated as 2400 for the end of the day and 0000 for the beginning of the day.

3524. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL The time is 9:20 AM. What is the correct way of transmitting this time if there is no possibility of confusion about the hour? A) B) C) D)

3562. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL The time is 4:15 PM. What is the correct way of transmitting this time if there is any possibility of confusion about the hour? A) B) C) D)

One six one five. Four fifteen PM. Sixteen fifteen. Four fifteen in the afternoon.

For explanation refer to question #3510 on this page.

24565. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli A time of "11 :20" hours is transmitted as: A) B) C) D)

ATPL

CPL

ATPL

CPL

one one two zero or two zero. eleven twenty hours. eleven twenty. twenty past eleven.

For explanation refer to question #3570 on this page.

Twozero. Twenty. Two zero this hour. Nine twenty AM.

24596. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli The time of 1400 UTe is transmitted as: A) B) C) D)

For explanation refer to question #3510 on this page.

one thousand four hundred. one four zero zero. fourteen hundred UTC. one four zero zero uniform tango charlie.

For explanation refer to question #3510 on this page.

02-04 Transmission Technique 3527. Airplane ATPL CPL Before transmitting the pilot should:

Heli

ATPL

CPL

A) make sure that the aircraft is levelled off. B) listen out on the frequency to ensure no interference with another station already transmitting will occur. C) always write the message and read it during the transmission. D) make sure that the emergency frequency is tuned in at the same time.

..

(Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05)

128490 (8) 1 31217 (8) 1 3510 (8)

ICAD Annex 70, Volume II, Chapter 5.2. 7.5

3528. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL My message will be more effective and understandable if I: A) maintain the speaking volume at a constant level. B) use the words twice method. C) stress the end of message. D) stress every beginning of message. (Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAD Annex 70, Volume II, Chapter 5.2. 7.5

1 3524 (A) 1 3562 (A) 124565 (A) 124596 (8) 1 3527 (8) 1 3528 (A) 1

02 General Operating Procedures

3559. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL What is meant by good microphone technique? A) Keep the microphone far away since it improves the readability. B) Speak very loudly into the microphone. C) Use a normal conversation tone, speak clearly and distinctly. D) Make large use of hesitation sounds as ER. (Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAO Annex 10, Volume II, Chapter 5.2.1.5

24635. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL What are the consequences of an aircraft with a transmit button stuck on? A) It improves readability for everyone else. B) It has no effect on other transmissions. C) It prevents other aircraft transmissions being heard but does not affect the readability of AT( transmissions. D) No one else can use the frequency. In the situation, where the microphone button is stuck in the 'TRANSMIT" position, the radio is transmitting permanently, and since VHF communications are not telephone communications, nobody else can talk on that particular frequency - but they can hear everything you say:)

02-05 Standard Words and Phrases (Relevant RTF Phraseology Included) 2608. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli What does the phrase READ BACK mean?

ATPL

3492. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL Which phrase shall be used if you want to say YES?

CPL

A) Did you correctly receive this message? B) Let me know that you have received and understood this message. C) Repeat all, or the specified part, of this message back to me exactly as received. D) Check and confirm with originator. (Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAO Annex 70, Volume II, Chapter 5.2.1.5

2614. Airplane ATPL CPL What does the phrase ROGER mean?

Heli

ATPL

CPL

(Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAO Annex 70, Volume II, Chapter 5.2.1.5

A) Turn left to leave the runway. B) Give way to aircraft from the left. C) Clear the runway immediately. D) Hold position on the left side of the runway. ICAO DOC 4444, 72.3.4 Phraseologies for use on and in the vicinity of the aerodrome [. ..J 12.3.4.7 TAXI PROCEDURES [. ..Jy) VACATE RUNWAY;

(Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAO Annex 10, Volume II, Chapter 5.2.1.5

2623. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli What does the phrase GO AHEAD mean?

ATPL

3498. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL Which phrase shall be used if you want to say "I WOULD LIKE TO KNOW" or "I WISH TO OBTAIN"?

CPL

Taxi on. Proceed with your message. Pass me the following information. Yes.

A) Confirm B) Report C) Acknowledge D) Request

(Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAO Annex 70, Volume II, Chapter 5.2. 7.5

(Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAO Annex 10, Volume II, Chapter 5.2.1.5

3458. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL If a controller would like to say to you "PASS ME THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION", he would use the expression: A) B) C) D)

Roger Yes Affirm Affirmative

3496. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL What does the instruction "VACATE LEFT" mean?

A) A direct answer in the affirmative. B) I have received all of your last transmission. C) A direct answer in the negative. D) Cleared for takeoff or cleared to land.

A) B) C) D)

A) B) C) D)

READ BACK REPORT SAY AGAIN REQUEST

A) B) C) D)

(Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAO Annex 70, Volume II, Chapter 5.2. 7.5

1 3559 (C) 124635 (D) 1 2608 (C) 1 2614 (8)

3503. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL How shall a pilot inform a radar control unit that the aircraft is not equipped with transponder? No SSR. Negative transponder. Transponder not available. Negative squawk.

ICAO DOC 4444, 12.4.3 Secondary surveillance radar (SSR) phraseologies 12.4.3.7 To request the capability of the SSR equipment [. ..J c) NEGATIVE TRANSPONDER.

1 2623 (8)

1 3458 (8) 1 3492 (C) 1 3496 (A) 1 3498 (D) 1 3503 (8)

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Aviationexam Test Prep Edition 2012

3513. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL Which phrase shall be used if you want to say "PASS ME THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION"? A) B) C) D)

Say again Request Report Check

A) B) C) D)

(Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAO Annex 10, Volume I/, Chapter 5.2.7.5

What was your message? Repeat your message. Say again. Repeat your last transmission.

3521. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL What does the instruction GO AROUND mean?

3523. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL Which phraseology is to be used to ask the control tower for permission to taxi on a runway in the direction opposite to that in use? Request backtrack on runway. Clearance to backtrack. To enter back runway. Backtrack clearance.

3542. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL How shall a pilot inform the control tower that he is prepared for takeoff? Ready to go. Ready for takeoff. Ready to line-up. Ready for departure or ready.

ICAO DOC 4444, 72.3.4 Phraseologies for use on and in the vicinity of the aerodrome [. ..] 72.3.4.70 PREPARATION FOR TAKEOFF [. ..] b) REPORT WHEN READY [FOR DEPARTURE] (ATC); c) ARE YOU READY [FOR DEPARTURE]? (ATC); d) ARE YOU READY FOR IMMEDIATE DEPARTURE? (ATC); e) READY (pilot transmission); Note: NEVER, NEVER, use the phrase "READY FOR TAKEOFF'~ The word 'TAKEOFF" can only be used when contained in the actual takeoff clearance. In all other cases you must use the word "DEPARTURE" (Ready for departure; or just Ready).

I I

3513 (C) 3582 (C)

I I

3518 (C)

I

3521 (8)

I

3523 (A)

Make 360 0 turns to the right. Turn right to avoid other traffic. Right-hand circuits are in use. Leave the runway to the right.

A) QNH 1017, negative QNH 1016. B) QNH 1017, correction QNH 1016. C) QNH 1017, negative 1016. D) QNH 1017, negative I say again 1016. (Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAO Annex 10, Volume II, Chapter 5.2.7.5

3570. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL Which phrase shall be used to confirm that a message has been repeated correctly? A) B) C) D)

ICAO DOC 4444, 72.3.4 Phraseologies for use on and in the vicinity of the aerodrome [. ..] ... after landing: REQUEST BACKTRACK

A) B) C) D)

A) B) C) D)

3552. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL Which phrase shall be used if you want to say "AN ERROR HAS BEEN MADE IN THIS TRANSMISSION (or message indicated). THE CORRECT VERSION IS"?

Overtake the aircraft ahead. Carry out a missed approach. Make a 3600 turn. Proceed with your message.

ICAO DOC 4444, 72.3.4 Phraseologies for use on and in the vicinity of the aerodrome [. ..] 72.3.4.78 MISSED APPROACH: a) GO AROUND (ATe instruction); b) GOING AROUND (pilot transmission)

A) B) C) D)

3549. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL What does the instruction "ORBIT RIGHT" mean?

ICAO DOC 4444, 72.3.4 Phraseologies for use on and in the vicinity of the aerodrome [. ..] 72.3.4. 77 DELAYING AIRCRAFT: a) CIRCLE THE AERODROME; b) ORBIT (RIGHT, or LEFT) [FROM PRESENT POSITION]; c) MAKE ANOTHER CIRCUIT.

(Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAO Annex 70, Volume II, Chapter 5.2.7.5

A)· B) C) D)

Pulling up. Overshooting. Will make another approach. Going around.

For explanation refer to question #3527 on this page.

3518. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL Which phrase shall be used if the repetition of an entire message is required? A) B) C) D)

3547. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL Which of these phrases is used to inform the control tower that a pilot is performing a missed approach?

I

That is right. Correct. Affirm. That is affirmative.

(Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAO Annex 70, Volume I/, Chapter 5.2.7.5

3571. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL Which of these statements best describes the meaning of the phrase STANDBY? A) B) C) D)

Wait and I will call you. Continue on present heading and listen out. Select STANDBY on the SSR transponder. Permission granted for action proposed.

(Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAO Annex 10, Volume II, Chapter 5.2.7.5

3582. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL Which phrase shall be used if you want to say "I UNDERSTAND YOUR MESSAGE AND WILL COMPLY WITH IT"? A) B) C) D)

Will comply with your instruction. Roger. Wileo. OK, will do it.

(Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAO Annex 70, Volume II, Chapter 5.2.7.5

3542 (D)

I

3547 (D)

I

3549 (A)

I

3552 (8)

I

3570 (8)

I

3571 (A)

I

02 General Operating Procedures 24562. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL An aircraft wishes to obtain a bearing from a VDF station that will be plotted on the chart relative to True North. The correct RT call is:

A) G-BNKD request QDM, G-BNKD. B) true bearing, true bearing, G-BNKD request true bearing, G-BNKD. C) G-BNKD request QGH, G-BNKD. D) G-BNKD training fix, training fix, training fix, G-BNKD. ICAO Annex 70, Volume 1/- 6.2 Direction finding [. ..J 6.2.4 To request a bearing, heading or pasition, the aircraft station shall call the aeronautical station or the direction-finding control station on the listening frequency. The aircraft shall then specify the type of service that is desired by the use of the appropriate phrase. 6.2.5 As soon as the direction-finding station or group of stations is ready, the station originally called by the aircraft station shall, where necessary, request transmission for direction-finding service and, if necessary, indicate the frequency to be used by the aircraft station, the number of times the transmission should be repeated, the duration of the transmission required or any special transmission requirement. 6.2.5.1 In radiotelephony, an aircraft station which requests a bearing shall end the transmission by repeating its call sign. If the transmission has been too short for the direction-finding station to obtain a bearing, the aircraft shall give a longer transmission for two periods of approximately ten seconds, or alternatively provide such other signals as may be requested by the direction-finding station. [. ..]

Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL Which of the following sequences shows the correct elements of a position report in the correct order? 24568.

24591. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL You are making a long straight in approach to land, at what range would you make the call "LONG FINAL"?

A) 2NM B) 4NM C) between 8 and 4 NM D) 3NM ICAO Doc 4444 - Chapter 72 - 72.3.4.75: The report "LONG FINAL" is made when aircraft turn on to final approach at a distance greater than 7 km (4 NM) from touchdown or when an aircraft on a straight-in approach is 75 km (8 NM) from touchdown. In both cases a report "FINAL" is required at 7 km (4 NM) from touchdown.

26718. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli What does the word "NEGATlVE" mean?

A) B) C) D)

ATPL

CPL

ATPL

CPL

Permission not granted. Proposed action granted. Disregard last instruction. Consider that transmission as not sent.

(Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAO Annex 70, Volume I/, Chapter 5.2.7.5

26719. Airplane ATPL CPL What does the word "WILCO" mean?

A) B) C) D)

Heli

I read you fine. I have received all of your last transmission. I understand your message and will comply with it. As communication is difficult, I will call you later.

(Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAO Annex 10, Volume /I, Chapter 5.2.7.5

1) call sign 2) reported position 3) heading (OM) 4) level or altitude 5) next position 6) ETA of the next position 7) aircraft type 8) time of reported position

26720. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL Which word or phrase shall be used if you want to say "WAIT AND I WILL CALL YOU"?

A) B) C) D)

A) 1,2,3,4,5,6 B) 1,7,2,6,4 C) 1,2,8,4,5,6 D) 1,2,4,5,6

Roger Goahead Standby Wilco

(Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAO Annex 70, Volume II, Chapter 5.2.7.5

ICAO DOC 4444 - Chapter 4 - 4.77.2 Contents of voice position reports 4.11.2.7 The position reports required by 4.11.7.7 and 4.11.7.2 shall contain the following elements of information, except that elements (4), (5) and (6) may be omitted from position reports transmitted by radiotelephony, when so prescribed on the basis of regional air navigation agreements: 1) aircraft identification 2) position 3) time 4) flight level or altitude, including passing level and cleared level if not maintaining the cleared level 5) next position and time over 6) ensuing significant point.

31220. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL Which of the following calls is a "GENERAL CALL"?

A) B) C) D)

YX-DEF Stephenville CONTROL. YX-EFG, YX-FGH over. ALL STATIONS Stephenville CONTROL. YX-ABC, YX-BCD, YX-CDE Stephenville CONTROL.

ICAO Annex 70, Volume II, 5.2.7.Z3.2.2: Stations having a requirement to transmit information to all stations likely to intercept should preface such transmission by the general call ALL STATIONS, followed by the identification of the calling station.

[. ..J Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL If a pilot receives an instruction from ATC which cannot be carried out, the reply should use the phrase: 24570.

A) CANCEL INSTRUCTION B) UNABLE C) NEGATIVE INSTRUCTION D) REGRET CANNOT FOLLOW INSTRUCTION (Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAO Annex 70, Volume I/, Chapter 5.2.1.5

I 24562 (8)

124568 (C)

I 24570 (8) I 24591

(C)

Z2.2 Preamble of the general call The preamble of each radiotelephone broadcast shall consist of the general call, station name, and optionally the time of broadcast (urc). Note: The following example illustrates the application of this procedure: ALL STATIONS (general call), THIS IS NEW YORK RADIO (station name prefixed by THIS IS), TIME ZERO ZERO FOUR FIVE (time of broadcast), ... message follows. Note: Since a general call is sent to all stations monitoring the frequency, it would be quite a mess if everybody acknowledged the transmission; therefore, general calls are not acknowledged.

I 26718 (A) I 26719 (C) I 26720 (C) I 31220 (C) I

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Aviationexam Test Prep Edition 2012

02-06 Radiotelephony Call Signs for Aeronautical Stations Including Use of Abbreviated Call Signs 2606. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL When may the name of the location or the call sign suffix in the call sign of an aeronautical station be omitted? A) In dense traffic during rush hours. B) Never. C) Only after the aeronautical station has used the abbreviated call sign. 0) When satisfactory communication has been established and provided it will not be confusing to do so. (Refer to figure 090-E02) ICAD Annex 70, Volume 11- Chapter 5

3526. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL How should aircraft XV-ABC call Stephenville TOWER on initial call? A) TOWER XV-ABC B) Stephenville TOWER X-BC C) Stephenville XV-ABC 0) Stephenville TOWER XV-ABC

3532. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL What is the radiotelephony call sign for the aeronautical station providing surface movement control of aircraft on the manoeuvring area? A) Ground B) Approach C) Tower 0) Control (Refer to figure 090-E02) ICAD Annex 70, Volume 11- Chapter 5

3546. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL What is the radiotelephony call sign suffix for the aeronautical station indicating aerodrome control service? A) Apron B) Control C) Aerodrome 0) Tower (Refer to figure 090-E02) ICAD Annex 70, Volume 11- Chapter 5

(Refer to figure 090-E02) ICAD Annex 10, Volume 11- Chapter 5

I. ..J 5.2.7.7.3.2 Establishment of radiotelephony communications 5.2.7.7.3.2.7 Full radiotelephony call signs shall always be used when establishing communication.

3575. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL What is the radiotelephony call sign for the aeronautical station providing flight information service? A) FLIGHT CENTRE B) FLIGHT INFORMATION CENTRE C) INFORMATION 0) CONTROL (Refer to figure 090-E02) ICAD Annex 70, Volume 11- Chapter 5

02-07 Radiotelephony Call Signs for Aircraft Including Use of Abbreviated Call Signs 2616. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL When is an aircraft station allowed to use its abbreviated call sign? A) In dense traffic. B) Only after satisfactory communication has been established. C) Provided no confusion is likely to result. 0) After it has been addressed in this manner by the aeronautical ground station. (Refer to figure 090-E02) ICAD Annex 10, Volume II, 5.2.7.7.3.3.7 Abbreviated radiotelephony call signs shall be used only after satisfactory communication has been established and provided that no confusion is likely to arise. An aircraft station shall use its abbreviated call sign only after it has been addressed in this manner by the aeronautical station.

I

2606 (0)

I

3526 (0)

I

3532 (A)

-----_._- - - - - - -

I

3546 (0)

I

3509. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL Which of the following abbreviated call signs of Cherokee XV-ABC is correct? A) Cherokee X-BC B) Cherokee XY-BC C) Cherokee BC 0) Cherokee X-ABC (Refer to figure 090-E02) ICAD Annex 10, Volume 11- Chapter 5

3575 (C)

--------------

I

26.16 (0)

I

3509 (C)

I

02 General Operating Procedures 3551. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL Which of the following abbreviated call signs of aircraft XV-ABC is correct? A) XY-BC B) X-BC C) ABC D) BC

C) Easy Golf Charlie Delta

D) Easy Delta (Refer to figure 090-E02) ICAD Annex 70, Volume 11- Chapter 5

24594. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL The pilot of an aircraft may abbreviate the aircraft radio call sign only:

(Refer to figure 090-E02) ICAD Annex 10, Volume 11- Chapter 5

A) when there is no likelihood of confusion with another aircraft. B) if it has first been abbreviated by the ground station and there is no likelihood of confusion. C) on second and subsequent calls to an aeronautical ground station. D) when the call sign has been specifically approved by ICAO.

24573. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL For aircraft call sign "Easy G-ABCD" the correct abbreviation is: A) Easy Charlie Delta B) Golf Charlie Delta

For explanation refer to question #2616 on page 12.

02-08 Transfer of Communication a) ATC route clearances; b) clearances and instructions to enter, land on, take off on, hold short of, cross and backtrack on any runway; and c) runway-in-use, altimeter settings, 5SR codes, level instructions, heading and speed instructions and, whether issued by the controller or contained in ATIS broadcasts, transition levels.

2619. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL Aircraft X-BC has been instructed to contact Stephenville TOWER on frequency 118,7. What is the correct response to indicate that it will follow this instruction? A) B) C) D)

Stephenville TOWER X-BC Will change to TOWER X-BC Changing over X-BC 118,7 X-BC

3.7.3.1.1 Dther clearances or instructions, including conditional clearances, shall be read back or acknowledged in a manner to clearly indicate that they have been understood and will be complied with.

ICAD Annex 11 - 3.7.3 Read-back of clearances and safety-related information 3.7.3.1 The flight crew shall read back to the air traffic controller safety-related parts of ATC clearances and instructions which are transmitted by voice. The following items shall always be read back:

3.7.3.1.2 The controller shall listen to the read back to ascertain that the clearance or instruction has been correctly acknowledged by the flight crew and shall take immediate action to correct any discrepancies revealed by the read back. [, ..1

02-09 Test Procedures Including Readability Scale 3171. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL In the event that a pilot is required to make a blind transmission, this should be made: A) B) C) D)

3183. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL A message preceded by the phrase "TRANSMITTING BLIND DUE RECEIVER FAILURE" shall be transmitted:

only once on the designated frequency. twice on the designated frequency. on the emergency frequency only. during VFR flights only.

A) B) C) D)

ICAD Annex 10, Volume 11- 5.2.2.7 Communications failure [, ..1 5.2.2.7.1.1 When an aircraft station fails to establish contact with the aeronautical station on the designated frequency, it shall attempt to establish contact on another frequency appropriate to the route. If this attempt fails, the aircraft station shall attempt to establish communication with other aircraft or other aeronautical stations on frequencies appropriate to the route. In addition, an aircraft operating within a network shall monitor the appropriate VHF frequency for calls from nearby aircraft. 5.2.2.7.1.2 If the attempts specified under 5.2.2.7.1.1 fail, the aircraft station shall transmit its message twice on the designated frequency(ies), preceded by the phrase 'TRANSMITTING BLIND" and, if necessary, include the addressee(s) for which the message is intended.

1 3551 (8) 124573 (A) 124594 (8) 1 2619 (D) 1 3171 (8)

on the regional guard frequency. on the frequency presently in use. on the international emergency frequency. on all available aeronautical stations.

ICAD Annex 10, Volume 11- 5.2.2.7.1.3 Receiver failure 5.2.2.7.1.3.1 When an aircraft station is unable to establish communication due to receiver failure, it shall transmit reports at the scheduled times, or positions, on the frequency in use, preceded by the phrase 'TRANSMITTING BLIND DUE TO RECEIVER FAILUR£': The aircraft station shall transmit the intended message, following this by a complete repetition. During this procedure, the aircraft shall also advise the time of its next intended transmission. 5.2.2.7.1.3.2 An aircraft which is provided with air traffic control or advisory service shall, in addition to complying with 5.2.2.7.1.3.1, transmit information regarding the intention of the pilot-in-command with respect to the continuation of the flight of the aircraft. 5.2.2.7.1.3.3 When an aircraft is unable to establish communication due to airborne equipment failure it shall, when so equipped, select the appropriate SSR code to indicate radio failure.

1 3183 (8)

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Aviationexam Test Prep Edition 2012

3184. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL When transmitting a message preceded by the phrase "TRANSMITTING BLIND DUE TO RECEIVER FAILURE" during an en-route flight, the aircraft station shall also: A) B) C) D)

land at the nearest airfield/airport. join base leg when approaching the airfield for landing. advise the time of its next intended transmission. return to the airport of departure.

A) B) C) D)

Readable but with difficulty. No problem to understand. Loud and clear. Unreadable.

For explanation refer to question #3554 on this page.

3581. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL Aircraft XY-ABC is making a test transmission with Stephenville TOWER on frequency 118,7. What is the correct phrasing for this transmission?

For explanation refer to question #3783 on page 73.

3554. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL On the readability scale what does READABILITY 1 mean? A) B) C) D)

3556. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL On the readability scale what does READABILITY 3 mean:

Readable but with difficulty. Readable. Perfectly readable. Unreadable.

A) B) C) D)

ICAO Annex 70, Volume 11- Chapter 5: 5.2.7.8.4 When the tests are made, the following readability scale should be used: 7 = Unreadable 2 = Readable now and then 3 = Readable but with difficulty 4=Readable 5 = Perfectly readable

Stephenville TOWER XV-ABC signal check. Stephenville TOWER XV-ABC preflight check. Stephenville TOWER XV-ABC radio check 118,7. Stephenville TOWER XV-ABC frequency check.

ICAO Annex 70, Volume II, 5.2.7.8 Test procedures 5.2.7.8.7 The form of test transmissions should be as follows: aJ the identification of the station being called; b) the aircraft identification; c) the words "RADIO CHECK''; d) the frequency being used.

3583. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL On the readability scale what does READABILITY 5 mean? A) Perfectly readable. B) Unreadable. C) Problem to understand. D) Readable but with difficulty. For explanation refer to question #3554 on this page.

02-10 Read Back and Acknowledgement Requirements 2621. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL Which elements of instructions or information shall always be read back? A) Surface wind, visibility, ground temperature, runway-in-use, altimeter settings, heading and speed instructions. B) Runway-in-use, visibility, surface wind, heading instructions, altimeter settings. C) Runway-in-use, altimeter settings, SSR codes, level instructions, heading and speed instructions. D) Time check, runway-in-use, altimeter settings, level instructions, SSR codes. For explanation refer to question #2679 on page 73.

3515. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL Cherokee XY-ABC receives the following instruction: "X-BC CLIMB STRAIGHT AHEAD UNTIL 2500 FEET BEFORE TURNING RIGHT, WIND 270 DEGREES 6 KNOTS, CLEARED FOR TAKEOFF". What is the correct read back? A) Straight ahead, 2500 feet right turn, wind west 6 knots, cleared for takeoff, X-Be. B) Wilco, cleared for takeoff, X-Be. C) Right turn after 2500, roger, X-Be. D) Straight ahead, at 2500 feet right turn, cleared for takeoff, X-Be.

I

3184 (C)

I

3554 (0)

I

3556 (A)

I

3581 (C)

I

For explanation refer to question #2679 on page 73.

3531. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL An aircraft is instructed to hold short of the runway-in-use. What is the correct phraseology to indicate it will follow this instruction? A) B) C) D)

Wilco. Holding short. Will stop before. Roger.

ICAO Doc 4444, Chapter 72 [. ..] 72.3.4.8 HOLDING ATC: HOLD SHORT OF RUNWAY 24; Pilot: HOLDING SHORT.

3537. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL Shall an ATC route clearance always be read back? A) No, ifthe communication channel is overloaded. B) No, if the ATC route clearance is transmitted in a published form (e.g. Standard Instrument Departure Route/SID). C) Ves, unless authorized otherwise by ATS authority concerned. D) No, if the content of the ATC clearance is clear and no confusion is likely to arise. For explanation refer to question #2679 on page 73.

3583 (A)

I

2621 (C)

I

3515 (0)

I

3531 (8)

I

3537 (C)

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02 General Operating Procedures

3557. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL Aircraft X-BC has been instructed to listen on ATIS frequency 123,25, on which information are being broadcast. What is the correct response to indicate that it will follow this instruction? A) B) C) D)

24567. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL A pilot is required to read back the following ATC messages: A) altimeter settings, weather information, airways clearances, information regarding the proximity of other aircraft and taxi instructions. B) altimeter settings, weather information, information regarding the proximity of other aircraft and taxi instructions. C) altimeter settings, airways clearances, SSR operating instructions, level instructions and any message when requested by ATC D) altimeter settings, taxi instructions, takeoff clearances, weather information and any other information given by ATC

Checking 123,25 X-BC Changing to 123,25 X-BC Will contact 123,25 X-BC Monitoring 123,25 X-BC

ICAO Annex 70, Volume II, 72.3.1.3 Transfer of control and/or frequency change

[. ..J ATC: MONITOR (unit call sign) (frequency); Pilot: MONITORING (frequency);

20866. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL How should a pilot terminate the read-back of an ATC clearance? A) B) C) D)

With his own aircraft call sign. With the word "wi leo". With the ATC ground station call sign. With the word "roger".

ICAO Annex 70, Volume II, 5.2.7.7.3.3.3 In order to avoid any possible confusion, when issuing ATC clearances and reading back such clearances, controllers and pilots shall always add the call sign of the aircraft to which the clearance applies.

For explanation refer to question #2679 on page 73.

24587. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL When asked by ATC "ARE YOU ABLE TO MAINTAIN FL80?" the correct reply contains the word: A) B) C) D)

ROGER WILCO AFFIRM or NEGATIVE CLEARED

(Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAO Annex 70, Volume I/, Chapter 5 (5.2.7.5.8) This question is requiring a direct answer in the affirmative (AFFIRM) or negative (NEGATIVE) meaning.

02-11 Radar Procedural Phraseology 3493. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL RADAR instructs aircraft X-BC: "X-BC SQUAWK STANDBY". What does this mean? A) X-BC is requested B) X-BC is requested tion. C) X-BC is requested D) X-BC is requested

to standby on the frequency. to switch the transponder to standby posito standby for radar vectors. to standby as the radar controller is busy.

D) X-BC shall operate the IDENT button. ICAODoc4444-Chapter 72: 72.4.3.6 To request the operation of the IDENTfeature: SQUAWK IDENT

3545. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL RADAR instructs aircraft X-BC: "X-BC RESET SQUAWK 1015". What does this mean? A) X-BC has been identified at 10:15 (UTC). B) X-BC is requested to set new code 1015. C) X-BC has been identified by SSR code 1015. D) X-BC is requested to reselect SSR code 1015.

ICAODoc4444-Chapter 72: 72.4.3.7 To request temporary suspension of transponder operation: SQUAWK STANDBY

3522. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL RADAR informs aircraft X-BC: "X-BC IDENTIFIED". What does this mean? A) B) C) D)

Radar identification has been achieved. X-BC is not visible on the radar screen. X-BC should perform an identification turn. X-BC should operate the IDENT-button.

ICAO Doc 4444 - Chapter 72: 72.4.3.3 To request the pilot to reselect the assigned mode and code: ATC: RESETSQUAWK [(mode)] (code); Pilot: RESETTING (mode) (code).

3577. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL What does the phrase "SQUAWK 1234" mean?

ICAO Doc 4444 - Chapter 72: 72.4.7.7 Identification of aircraft: ATC: IDENTIFIED [positionJ; (confirmation to the pilot that the ATC has achieved a positive radar identification of the aircraft).

3534. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL RADAR instructs aircraft X-BC: "X-BC SQUAWK IDENT". What does this mean?

A) B) C) D)

Give a short count for DF (direction finder). Select code 1234 on the SSR transponder. Make a test transmission on 123,4 MHz. Standby on frequency 123,4 MHz.

ICAO Doc 4444 - Chapter 72: 72.4.3.2 To instruct setting of transponder: ATC: FOR DEPARTURE SQUAWK (code); Pilot: SQUAWK (code).

A) X-BC shall reselect his assigned mode and code. B) Radar identification has been achieved by correlating an observed radar blip with aircraft XV-ABC C) X-BC should perform an identification turn of at least 020 degrees.

I

3557 (D)

I 20866 (A) I 24567 (C) I 24587 (C) I

3493 (8)

I

3522 (A)

I

3534 (0)

I

3545 (0)

------

I

3577 (8)

I

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Aviationexam Test Prep Edition 2012

24569. Airplane ATPL CPL What does "SQUAWK IDENT" mean?

Heli

ATPL

CPL

A) Select the SSR transponder code to 7000 . B) Select the SSR transponder mode to "ALT". C) Operate the SSR transponder "special position identification" feature. D) State the aircraft call sign three times. For explanation refer to question #3534 on page 15.

24586. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli A Radar Information Service (RIS) provides:

ATPL

CPL

A) radar separation from all other traffic. B) information for IFR traffic only. C) the bearing, distance and if known, the altitude of conflicting traffic. D) traffic information and avoiding action. RIS (Radar Information Service) is an air traffic radar service (an adjunct to a Flight Information Service) in which the controller will inform the pilot of the bearing, distance, and, if known. the level of the conflicting traffic. No avoiding action will be offered. The pilot is wholly responsible for maintaining separation from other aircraft whether or not the controller has passed traffic information. RIS is available for both VFR and IFR traffic. RAS (Radar Advisory Service) is an air traffic radar service in which the controller will provide advice necessary to maintain prescribed separation between aircraft participating in the advisory service, and in which he will pass to the pilot the bearing, distance, and, if known. level of conflicting non-participating traffic, together with advice on action necessary to resolve the conflict. Where time does not permit this procedure to be adopted, the controller will pass advice on avoiding action followed by information on the conflicting traffic. RAS is only available for IFR traffic (irrespective of meteorological conditions) as controllers will expect the pilot to accept vectors or level allocations which may require flight in IMC.

24588. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL With the SSR transponder selected ON and "ALT" (Mode C) selected, an ATSU requests: "G-ABCD, Verify your level," this isto: A) B) C) D)

identify the aircraft position. check your altimeter setting. calibrate the radar equipment. verify the accuracy of the Mode C level information displayed to the controller.

ICAD Doc 4444 - Chapter 8: 8.5.4.1.3 If the displayed level information is not within the approved tolerance value or when a discrepancy in excess of the approved tolerance value is detected subsequent to verification. the pilot shall be advised accordingly and requested to check the pressure setting and confirm the aircraft's level.

I 24569 (C) I 24586 (C) I 24588 (D) I

03 Relevant Weather Information Terms (VFR)

RELEVANT WEATHER INFORMATION TERMS (VFR) 03-01 Aerodrome Weather 3186. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL When the term "BROKEN" is used in aviation routine weather report (METAR), the amount of clouds covering the sky is: A} B} C} D}

5 to 7 oktas. 1 to 40ktas. 8 oktas below 10.000 feet. No clouds below 5.000 feet.

ICAO Doc 4444 - Chapter 11: 11.4.3.2.3.5 Amount and height of low cloud base, cloud amount using FEW (1-2 oktas), SCT (3-4 oktas), BKN (5-70ktas) or OVC (8 oktas), type (only if cumulonimbus (CB) or towering cumulus (TCU)) and height of base in metres (feet) shall be given in that order. If the base of the lowest cloud is diffuse or ragged or fluctuating rapidly, the minimum height of the cloud or cloud fragments shall be given together with an appropriate description of the characteristics thereof. If there are no clouds and no restriction on vertical visibility, and the abbreviation CAVOK is not appropriate, SKC shall be used. If there are no clouds below 1500 m (5000 ft) or below the highest minimum sector altitude, whichever is greater, no cumulonimbus and no restriction on vertical visibility and the abbreviations ,,[AVOW' and "SKC' are not appropriate, the abbreviation "NSC' shall be used. When the sky is obscured, the vertical visibility shall be given, if available.

3187. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL What is the correct way of expressing visibility? A} B} C} D}

3189. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL When the term "OVERCAST" is used in an aviation routine weather report (METAR), the amount of clouds covering the sky is: A} 50% or more. B} 100%. C} Less than 50%. D} No clouds but poor ground visibility. For explanation refer to question #3186 on this page.

3190. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL When the term "SCATTERED" is used in an aviation routine weather report (METAR), the amount of clouds covering the sky is: A} B} C} D}

For explanation refer to question #3186 on this page.

3202. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL How is the visibility in an aviation routine weather report (METAR) expressed in plain language?

Visibility 1,2 kilometres. Visibility 1.200 feet. Visibility 1,2 nautical miles. Visibility 1.200 metres.

ICAO Doc 4444 - Chapter 11: 11.4.3.2.3.2.1 When the visibility is less than 500 m, it shall be expressed in steps of 50 m; when it is 500 m or more but less than 5000 m, in steps of 100 m; 5000 m or more but less than 10 km, in kilometre steps; and when it is 10 km or more, only 10 km shall be given, except when the conditions for the use ofCAVOK apply. Any observed value which does not fit the reporting scale in use shall be rounded down to the nearest lower step in the scale.

A} B} C) D}

visibility more than 5.000 m, no clouds below 1.500 m/GND. visibility 10 km or more, no clouds below 1.500 feet/GND. visibility more than 8 km, no clouds below 3.000 feet/GND. visibility 10 km or more, no clouds below 5.000 feet/GND.

ICAO Doc 4444 - Chapter 11: 11.4.3.2.3.9 When the visibility is 10 km or more, there is no cloud below 1500 m (5000 ft), or below the highest minimum sector altitude, whichever is greater, and no cumulonimbus, and there is no weather of significance as given in 11.4.3.2.3.4.1 and 11.4.3.2.3.4.2, information on visibility, runway visual range, present weather and cloud amount, type and height shall be replaced by the term ,,[AVOW:

I

3186 (A)

I

3187 (D)

I

3188 (D)

I

3189 (8)

I

3190 (8)

I

in nautical miles only. up to 1.500 m in metres, above in kilometres. in feet and nautical miles. up to 5.000 m in metres, above in kilometres.

For explanation refer to question #3187 on this page.

3188. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL When the term "CAVOK" is used in an aviation routine weather report (METAR), the values of visibility and clouds are: A} B} C} D}

more than half but less than overcast (5 to 7 oktas). half or less than half (3 or 4 oktas). sky entirely covered (8 oktas). no clouds below 5.000 feet/GND.

3202 (D)

I

Aviationexam Test Prep Edition 2012

03-02 Weather Broadcast 3201. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli What is normally used for ATIS broadcasts? A) B) C) D)

ATPL

CPL

DME voice channel. Voice channel of an ILS. NDB frequencies. Discrete VHF frequency or/and VOR.

ICAO Doc 4444 - Chapter 1: ATiS (Automatic terminal information service): the automatic provision of current, routine information to arriving and departing aircraft throughout 24 hours or a specified portion thereof: -Data link-automatic terminal information service (D-ATlS). The provision ofATiS via data link. - Voice-automatic terminal information service (Voice-A TIS). The provision ofATiS by means of continuous and repetitive voice broadcasts. ICAOAnnex 11-Chapter 11: 4.3.4.2 A discrete VHF frequency shall, whenever practicable, be used for VoiceATiS broadcasts. If a discrete frequency is not available, the transmission may be made on the voice channel(s) of the most appropriate terminal navigation aides), preferably a VOR, provided the range and readability are adequate and the identification of the navigation aid is sequenced with the broadcast so that the latter is not obliterated. 4.3.4.3 Voice-ATIS broadcasts shall not be transmitted on the voice channel ofanlLS. 4.3.4.4 Whenever Voice-ATIS is provided, the broadcast shall be continuous and repetitive. [. .] 4.3.6.7 b) the information communicated shall be updated immediately after a significant change occurs;

.

Note: Typically, new ATiS information is issued every 30 minutes, unless a significant change occurs at an earlier interval.

3203. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL How can aviation routine weather reports (METAR) of specific airports are obtained by aircraft in flight? A) B) C) D)

SIGMET ATIS AFIS VOLMET

VOLMEr, or meteorological information for aircraft in flight, is the term applied to a worldwide network of radio stations that broadcast TAF, SIGMET and METAR reports on shortwave frequencies. Reports are sent using automated voice transmissions, in the upper sideband or J3E mode. As the name suggests, pilots on international air routes use these transmissions to determine what procedures to use for descent, approach, and landing, such as a visual approach or an instrument approach and the correct STAR. The VOLMET network divides the world into specific regions, and individual VOLMET stations in each region broadcast weather reports for specific groups of air terminals in theirregion at specific times, coordinating their transmission schedules so as not to interfere with one another. Schedules are determined in intervals of five minutes, with one VOLMET station in each region broadcasting reports for a fixed list of cities in each interval. These schedules repeat every hour. ICAO Annex 3 - Chapter 3: 77.6.1 Continuous VOLMET broadcasts, normally on very high frequencies (VHF), shall contain current METAR and SPEC!, together with trend forecasts where available. 77.6.2 Scheduled VOLMET broadcasts, normally on high frequencies (HF), shall contain current METAR and SPEC!, together with trend forecasts where available and, where so determined by regional air navigation agreement, TAF and SIGMET.

I

3201 (D)

I

3203 (D)

I 20892 (C) I

20892. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL Which information can aircraft in flight obtain by VOLMET service? A) SIGMET. B) Runway reports. C) Aviation routine weather reports (METAR) of specific airports. D) SPECI and TAF. For explanation refer to question #3203 on this page.

04 ACTION REQUIRED TO BE TAKEN IN CASE OF COMMUNICATION FAILURE

ACTION REQUIRED TO BE TAKEN IN CASE OF COMMUNICATION FAILURE 3164. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL What action is required by the pilot of an aircraft station if he/she is unable to establish radio contact with an aeronautical station?

3173. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL When shall the pilot of an aircraft experiencingcommunications failure keep a watch for instructions passed by visual signals?

A) Squawk mode A code 7500. B) Divert to the alternate airport. C) Try to establish communication with other aircraft or aeronautical stations. D) Land at the nearest aerodrome appropriate to the route offlight.

A) When entering a FIR during an IFR flight. B) When flying VFR above clouds. C) When the aircraft is entering the traffic pattern of an uncontrolled airport. D) When the aircraft is forming part of the aerodrome traffic at a controlled aerodrome.

For explanation refer to question #3171 on page 13.

3165. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL An aircraft station fails to establish radio contact with an aeronautical station on the designated frequency. What action is required by the pilot? A) Return to the airport of departure. B) Continue the flight to the destination airport without any communication. C) Attempt to establish contact with the station on an alternative frequency. D) Land at the nearest airport without an ATC unit.

ICAD Annex 2 - Chapter 3: 3.6.5.2 Communication failure: If a communication failure precludes compliance with 3.6.5.1, the aircraft shall comply with the voice communication failure procedures of Annex /0, Volume II, and with such of the following procedures as are appropriate. The aircraft shall attempt to establish communications with the appropriate air traffic control unit using all other available means. In addition, the aircraft, when forming part of the aerodrome traffic at a controlled aerodrome, shall keep a watch for such instructions as may be issued by visual signals.

3177. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL An aircraft is squawking 7600. This indicates: A) It is diverting to the alternate aerodrome. B) It is unable to establish communication due to radio equipment failure. C) It is requesting immediate level change. D) It is about to make a forced landing.

For explanation refer to question #3171 on page 13.

3167. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL What is the transponder code for radio communication failure? A) 7200 B) 7600 C) 7500 D) 7700 ICAD Doc 4444 - Chapter 15: 15.2 [. ..JNote 2:An aircraft equipped with an SSR transponder is expected to operate the transponder on Mode A Code 7600 to indicate that it has experienced air-ground communication failure.

3172. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL Under which of the following circumstances shall an aircraft station squawk 7600? A) B) C) D)

For explanation refer to question #3167 on this page.

14973. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL If all attempts to establish radio contact with a ground station fail, the pilot of an aeroplane shall transmit messages preceded by the phrase: A) B) C) D)

PAN PAN, PAN PAN, PAN PAN. transmitting blind. read you one, read you one. how do you read?

For explanation refer to question #3171 on page 13.

In case of radio communication failure. When entering bad weather areas. When approaching a prohibited area. When flying over desert areas.

For explanation refer to question #3167 on this page.

1 3164 (C)

1 3165 (C)

1 3167 (8)

1 3172 (A)

1 3173 (0)

1 3177 (8)

114973 (8) 1

Aviationexam Test Prep Edition 2012

05 Distress and Urgency Procedures

DISTRESS AND URGENCY PROCEDURES 05-01 Distress (Definition - Frequencies - Watch of Distress Frequencies Distress Signal - Distress Message) 3250. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL An aircraft squawking 7700 indicates to the ground station that: A) B) C) D)

A) B) C) D)

the aircraft's transceiver is unserviceable. the aircraft is being hijacked. the aircraft is in distress. there is a sick passenger on board.

ICAD Doc 4444 - B.B.l Emergencies f. ..J Note: If the pilot of an aircraft encountering a state of emergency has previously been directed by ATC to operate the transponder on a specific code, that code will normally be maintained unless, in special circumstances, the pilot has decided or has been advised otherwise. Where ATC has not requested a code to be set, the pilot will set the transponder to Mode A Code 7700. ICAD Annex 17 - 2.1.4 Mode A reply codes: - Code 7700 to provide recognition of an aircraft in an emergency. -Code 7500 to provide recognition of an aircraft which is being subjected to unlawful interference. -Appropriate provisions shall be made in ground decoding equipment to ensure immediate recognition of Mode A codes 7500, 7600 (lost communication) and 7700.

3258. Airplane ATPL CPL Distress is defined as:

Heli

3261. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL An aircraft in distress shall send the following signal by radiotelephony:

ATPL

CPL

A) a condition concerning the attitude of an aircraft when intercepting the localizer during an ILS approach. B) a condition concerning the safety of an aircraft or of a person on board, but which does not require immediate assistance. C) a condition of being threatened by serious and/or imminent danger and requiring immediate assistance. D) a condition concerning the safety of a person on board or within sight and requiring immediate assistance. ICAD Annex 10, Volume 11- Chapter 5: 5.3.1.1 Distress and urgency traffic shall comprise all radiotelephony messages relative to the distress and urgency conditions respectively. Distress and urgency conditions are defined as: a) DISTRESS: a condition of being threatened by serious and/or imminent danger and of requiring immediate assistance. b) URGENCY: a condition concerning the safety of an aircraft or other vehicle, or ofsome person on board or within sight, but which does not require immediate assistance.

PAN PAN, PAN PAN, PAN PAN DETRESFA,DETRESFA,DETRESFA MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY URGENCY, URGENCY, URGENCY

ICAD Annex 10, Volume II 5.3.2.1 Action by the aircraft in distress 5.3.2.1.1 In addition to being preceded by the radiotelephony distress signal MAYDAY (see 5.3.1.2), preferably spoken three times, the distress message to be sent by an aircraft in distress shall: a) be on the air-ground frequency in use at the time; b) consist of as many as possible of the following elements spoken distinctly and, if possible, in the following order: 1) name of the station addressed (time and circumstances permitting); 2) the identification of the aircraft; 3) the nature of the distress condition; 4) intention of the person in command; 5) present position, level (i.e. flight level, altitude, etc., as appropriate) and heading. Note: The foregoing provisions may be supplemented by the following measures: a) the distress message of an aircraft in distress being made on the emergency frequency 121.5 MHz or another aeronautical mobile frequency, if considered necessary or desirable. Not all aeronautical stations maintain a continuous guard on the emergency frequency;

3262. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL The frequency used for the first transmission of a MAYDAY call shall be: A) B) C) D)

the distress frequency 121,5 MHz. the frequency currently in use. any other international emergency frequency. any frequency at pilot's discretion.

For explanation refer to question #3261 on this page.

3265. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL The distress message shall contain as many as possible of the following elements/details: A) aircraft call sign, nature of distress, pilots intention, present position, level and heading. B) aircraft call sign, route of flight, destination airport. C) aircraft call sign, aerodrome of departure, position and level. D) aircraft call sign, present position, assistance required. For explanation refer to question #3261 on this page.

I

3250 (C)

I

3258 (C)

I

3261 (C)

I

3262 (8)

I

3265 (A)

I

Aviationexam Test Prep Edition 2012

3267. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL An aircraft in state of emergency shall squawk: A) B) C) D)

7600 7700 7500 7200

24579. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL Immediately following the MAYDAY prefix, an aircraft in distress should transmit:

For explanation refer to question #3250 on page 27.

14974. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL Under which of the following circumstances shall an aircraft squawk 7700? A) B) C) D)

When following a SID. When flying within controlled airspace. When passing the transition level. In distress.

Heli

24580. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL An aircraft transmitting a distress message is required to give its position as: ATPL

CPL

A) requiring immediate assistance and danger mayor may not be threatened. B) of being threatened by serious and/or imminent danger, and of requiring immediate assistance. C) concerning the safety of an aircraft or other vehicle, or some person on board or within sight, but does not require immediate assistance. D) concerning the safety of any aircraft, ship or other vehicle. For explanation refer to question #3258 on page 27.

24578. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL A Distress or Urgency call shall be preceded by the pre-fix MAYDAY or PAN PAN transmitted: A) B) C) D)

A) the aircraft call sign twice. B) the nature ofthe emergency. C) the call sign of the station addressed, when it is known and the circumstances permit. D) its last known position. For explanation refer to question #3267 on page 27.

For explanation refer to question #3250 on page 27.

24560. Airplane ATPL CPL Distress is defined as a condition:

5.3.3.7.7 In addition to being preceded by the radiotelephony urgency signal PAN PAN, preferably spoken three times and each word of the group pronounced as the French word "panne", the urgency message to be sent by an aircraft reporting an urgency condition shall f. ..J

A) the most accurate possible using GPS if fitted. B) present or last known position, altitude or level and heading. C) position relative to a VRP. D) latitude and longitude. For explanation refer to question #3267 on page 27.

24581. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL An aircraft in distress that is equipped with a SSR transponder should SQUAWK: A) B) C) D)

7000 7500 7600 7700

For explanation refer to question #3250 on page 27.

24598. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL A distress call shall be preceded by the prefix MAYDAY transmitted:

once. twice. three times. until acknowledged.

ICAD Annex 10, Volume II 5.3.2.7.7 In addition to being preceded by the radiotelephony distress signal MAYDAY, preferably spoken three times, the distress message to be sent by an aircraft in distress shall...

A) B) C) D)

twice. three times. once. one to three times after the aircraft call sign.

For explanation refer to question #3267 on page 27.

f. ..J

05-02 Urgency (Definition - Frequencies - Urgency Signal - Urgency Message) 3249. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL Which frequency shall be used for the first transmission of an urgency call? A) B) C) D)

The international emergency frequency. The air-ground frequency in use at the time. The regional guard frequency. Any frequency at pilot's discretion.

ICAD Annex 70, Volume II 5.3.3.7 Action by the aircraft reporting an urgency condition except as indicated in 5.3.3.4 (medical transport)

a) be on the air-ground frequency in use at the time; b) consist ofas many as required of the following elements spoken distinctly and, ifpossible, in the following order: 7) the name of the station addressed; 2) the identification of the aircraft; 3) the nature of the urgency condition; 4) the intention of the person in command; 5) present position, level (i.e. flight level, altitude, etc., as appropriate) and heading; 6) any other useful information. Note: The station addressed will normally be that station communicating with the aircraft or in whose area of responsibility the aircraft is operating.

5.3.3.7.7 In addition to being preceded by the radiotelephony urgency signal PAN PAN (see 5.3.7.2), preferably spoken three times and each word of the group pronounced as the French word "panne'~ the urgency message to be sent by an aircraft reporting an urgency condition shall:

I

3267 (8)

I 14974 (D) I 24560 (8) I 24578 (C) I 24579 (C) I 24580 (8) I 24581

(D)

I 24598 (8) I

3249 (8)

05 Distress and Urgency Procedures

3271. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL An urgency message shall be preceded by the radiotelephony urgency signal: A) B) C) D)

ALERFA, spoken three times. URGENCY, spoken three times. MAYDAY, spoken three times. PAN PAN, spoken three times.

For explanation refer to question #3249 onpage 22.

3275. Airplane ATPL CPL Urgency is defined as:

Heli

ATPL

CPL

A) a condition of being threatened by serious and/or imminent danger and of requiring immediate assistance. B) a condition concerning the safety of a person on board or within sight and requiring immediate assistance. C) a condition concerning the attitude of an aircraft when intercepting the localizer during an ILS approach. D) a condition concerning the safety of an aircraft other vehicles or of a person on board, but which does not require immediate assistance. For explanation refer to question #3258 on page 21.

24572. Airplane ATPL CPL A condition of urgency is defined as:

Heli

ATPL

CPL

A) a condition of being threatened by serious and or immediate danger and of requiring immediate assistance. B) a condition concerning the safety of an aircraft or other vehicle or of some person on board or within sight and requiring immediate assistance. C) a condition requiring immediate assistance. D) a condition concerning the safety of an aircraft or other vehicle or of some person on board or within sight, but which does not require immediate assistance. For explanation refer to question #3258 on page 21.

I

3271 (0)

I

3275 (0)

I 24572 (0) I

EI

Aviationexam Test Prep Edition 2012

06 General Principles of VHF Propagation and Frequency Allocation

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF VHF PROPAGATION AND FREQUENCY ALLOCATION 2602. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL Which is the maximum distance at which you might expect solid VHF contact over flat terrain at FL100? A) About 120 NM. B) About 300 NM. C) About 30 NM. D) About 12 NM.

storms. D) Dayand night effect. For explanation refer to question #3494 on this page.

The theoretical range of VHF communication (in NMJ is: 7,23 x ,fheightover terrain (in ftJ.ln this question: 7,23 x ,f70.000 = 7,23 x 700 = 723 NM.

3506. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL Which is the frequency separation between consecutive frequencies in the VHF band? A) B) C) D)

3248. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL The frequency 121,500 MHz is designated as: A) an international emergency frequency. B) a frequency for air-to-air communication. C) a regional UHF frequency. D) an airline operation frequency. ICAD Annex 70, Volume II: 5.2.2.7.3 Aeronautical stations shall maintain a continuous listening watch on VHF emergency channel 727,5 MHz during the hours of service of the units at which it is installed.

3269. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL Which of the following frequencies is an international emergency frequency? A) B) C) D)

B) The ionosphere. C) Electrical discharges as they happen frequently in thunder-

122,500 MHz 121,500 MHz 121,050 MHz 121,005 MHz

For explanation refer to question #3248 on this page.

3494. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL Under which of the following circumstances may you expect a solid reception of the TOWER frequency 118,2 MHz? A) Aircraft at low level but far away from the ground station. B) Aircraft at high level in the vicinity of the ground station. C) Aircraft at low level, far away from the ground station, in the radio shadow zone of a hill. D) Aircraft at low level, in the vicinity of the ground station, in the radio shadow zone of a hill. VHF propagation characteristics are ideal for short-distance terrestrial communication, with a range generally somewhat farther than line-of-sight from the transmitter. Unlike high frequencies (HF), the ionosphere does not usually reflect VHF radio and thus transmissions are restricted to the local area (and don't interfere with transmissions thousands of kilometers away). VHF is also less affected by atmospheric noise and interference from electrical equipment than lower frequencies. However, obstacles do impair the reception of VHF communications. The straight line joining the sender and the receiver must be relatively free of obstacles. This is why low level flight reduces greatly the range of reception, because of the hills, mountains, bumps on the surface of the Earth, and the roundness of the Earth itself.

3497. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL Which phenomena will normally influence the reception of VHF transmission?

75 kHz 50 kHz 25 kHz 250 kHz

The AIRBAND is the spectrum of frequencies used for radio communication in aviation. Airband is often used for referring to the VHF spectrum between 708 MHz and 737 MHz, which covers its use for commercial and general aviation, radio-navigational aids, air traffic control and other uses. In common use among aviation professionals, the range of frequencies is sometimes referred to as VHF or Victor. Military aircraft also operate using additional frequencies (225 - 400 MHz) which are not part of the airband. The lower part of the spectrum, from 708 to 777,975 MHz, is reserved for navigational aids such as VDR beacons and Automatic Terminal Information Service (AT/S), and precision approach systems such as ILS or LAAS. Some types of aviation-related stations, such as NDBs and DMEs, do not operate on these frequencies; in the case of NDBs the long wave frequency spectrum is used. The rest of the airband (778 - 737 MHz) is allocated to voice communications using amplitude modulation. Channel spacing on the airband has been 25 kHz. However, increasing congestion has led to further subdivision into 8,33 kHz channels in the ICAD European region; all aircraft flying above 79500 feet are required to be capable of handling this reduced spacing. A switch to digital radios has been contemplated, as this would greatly increase capacity by reducing bandwidth. However, this has yet to happen, partly because the mobility of aircraft necessitates complete international cooperation. Legislation: ICAD Annex 70, Volume 1/1- Part II

3555. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL Which is the maximum distance at which you might expect solid VHF contact over flat terrain at FL50? A) About 8 NM B) About 85 NM C) About 15 NM D) About 150 NM The theoretical range of VHF communication (in NM) is: 7,23 x,fheight overterrain (in ft).ln this question: 7,23 x ,f5.000 = 7,23 x 70,7 =86,9 NM.

3560. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL To which frequency bands do the frequencies 118,000 136,975 MHz of the Aeronautical Mobile Service belong? A) B) C) D)

Medium frequency. Very low frequency. Low frequency. Very high frequency.

For explanation refer to question #3506 on this page.

A) Level of aircraft and terrain elevations.

I

2602 (A)

I

3248 (A) 13269(8) 13494(8)

I

3497(A)

I

3506 (C) 13555(8)

I

3560 (D)

I

Aviationexam Test Prep Edition 2012 3566. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL What are the propagation characteristics of VHF? A) The waves travel along the surface of the Earth and penetrate into valleys in a way that topographical obstacles have no influence. B) The waves are reflected at the ionosphere at the height of about 100 km and reach the Earth surface in the form of sky-waves. C) Practically straight-line similar to light waves. 0) Similar to short waves with practically no atmospheric disturbance. For explanation refer to question #3494 on page 25.

3568. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL Which is the frequency band containing frequencies of the Aeronautical Mobile Service? A) B) C) 0)

24606. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL VHF communications sometimes experience extended ranges as a result of: A) ionospheric ducting. B) reflections from aircraft. C) surface wave propagation. 0) super refraction. Under certain meteorological conditions, radio waves in the VHF, UHF and SHF bands, which normally travel only in straight lines, may behave in a way which is at first sight similar to sky waves. The meteorological conditions required for duct propagation are a marked temperature inversion and a rapid decrease in humidity with height. The signal is effectively trapped under the inversion and may travel hundreds of miles with little attenuation. In this way, when high pressure systems prevail, interference may be heard from distant VHF communications stations which are far beyond the normal direct wave range.

108,000 -117,975 MHz 118,000 -136,975 MHZ 1810 - 2850 kHz 11650 - 13200 kHz

For explanation refer to question #3506 on page 25.

24571. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL The frequency 243,0 MHz has a wavelength of ___ and lies onthe band. A) B) C) 0)

12,3 cm; UHF 1,23 m; UHF 12,3 cm;VHF 1,23 m;VHF

Wavelength (m) = speed of light (kmls) "'" frequency (kHz) = 300 000 kmls "'" 243 000 kHz = 1,23 m. Very high frequency (VHF) is the radio frequency range from 30 MHz to 300 MHz.

24599. Airplane ATPL CPL Attenuation of radio waves means:

Heli

ATPL

CPL

A) the weakening of the radiated waves. B) the atmospheric bending of the waves. C) only the scattering of the waves by the tropopause. 0) only the absorption of radio energy by the sea. Attenuation is the reduction in amplitude and intensity of a signal. It is an important consideration in the modern world of wireless telecommunication. Attenuation limits the range of radio signals and is affected by the materials a signal must travel through (e.g. air, wood, concrete, rain). Attenuation normally includes propagation losses caused by the natural expansion of the radio wave front in free space (which usually takes the shape of an ever-increasing sphere), absorption losses (sometimes called penetration losses), when the signal passes through media not transparent to electromagnetic waves, diffraction losses when part of the radiowave front is obstructed by an opaque obstacle, and losses caused by other phenomena.

24601. Airplane ATPL CPL Heli ATPL CPL The wavelength of a radio aid is 6,97 cm. The corresponding frequency and frequency band are: A) 4304 MHz SHF B) 43MHzVHF C) 4304 MHz UHF 0) 43 GHzEHF Frequency = speed of light"'" wavelength = 30 000 000 000 cmls "'" 6,97 cm = 4304160688Hz=4304MHz=4,3GHz. Super high frequency (or SHF) refers to radio frequencies (RF) in the range of3 GHz and 30 GHz.

I

3566 (C)

I

3568 (8)

I 24571

(D)

I 24599 (A) I 24601

(A)

I 24606 (D) I

092 IFR Communication

01 Definitions

DEFINITIONS 01-01 Meanings and Significance of Associated Terms 3332. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What does the term "AIR-GROUND COMMUNICATION" mean?

3395. Airplane ATPL IR Heli What does the term "BROADCAST" mean?

ATPL

IR

A) One-way communication from stations or locations on the surface of the Earth. B) One-way communication from aircraft to stations or locations on the surface of the Earth. C) Two-way communication between aircraft and stations or locations on the surface of the Earth. D) Any communication from aircraft to ground station requiring handling by the Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication Network (AFTN).

A) A transmission where no reply is required from the receiving station. B) A radiotelephony transmission from ground station to aircraft in flight. C) A transmission of information relating to air navigation that is not addressed to a specific station or stations. D) A transmission containing meteorological and operational information to aircraft engaged in flights over remote and oceanic areas out of range of VHF ground stations.

ICAO Annex 10, Volume I/, Chapter 1: AIR-GROUND COMMUNICATION. Two-way communication between aircraft and stations or locations on the surface of the Earth.

ICAO Annex 10, Volume II, Chapter 1: BROADCAST. A transmission of information relating to air navigation that is not addressed to a specific station or stations.

01-02 Air Traffic Control Abbreviations Airplane ATPL IR Heli What does the abbreviation SAR mean? 3334.

ATPL

ICAO Doc 8400: ATiS = Automatic terminal information service.

IR

3361. Airplane ATPL IR What does "SELCAL" mean?

A) Surveillance airport radar. B) Search and rescue. C) Standard arrival route. D) Secondary altimeter responder.

3341. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What does the term "CLEARANCE LIMIT" mean?

ICAO Doc 4444 - Chapter 1: CLEARANCE LIMIT. The point to which an aircraft is granted an air traffic control clearance.

Airplane ATPL IR Heli What does the abbreviation ATIS mean? 3343.

A) B) C) D)

I

ATPL

3332 (C)

I

3395 (C)

I

3334 (8)

I

3341 (D)

3363. Airplane ATPL IR Heli What does the abbreviation RVR mean?

A) B) C) D)

Runway visibility report. Runway visual range. Radar vectors requested. Recleared via route ...

ICAO Doc 8400: RVR = Runway Visual Range.

I

3343 (D)

I

IR

SELCAL is a system by which voice calling is replaced by the transmission ofcoded tones on the frequency in use. Receipt of the assigned SELCAL code activates a calling system in the cockpit, and the need for a continuous listening watch by the pilot is obviated.

IR

Air traffic information service. Airport terminal information service. Aircraft terminal information service. Automatic terminal information service.

ATPL

A) A system in which radiotelephony communication between two stations can take place in both directions simultaneously. B) A system in which radiotelephony communication can be established between aircraft only. C) A system which permits the selective calling of individual aircraft over radiotelephone channels linking a ground station with the aircraft. D) A system provided for direct exchange of information between air traffic services (ATS) units.

ICAO Doc 8400: SAR =Search and rescue.

A) The time after which air traffic control clearance will be automatically cancelled if the flight has not been commenced. B) The time of expiry of air traffic control clearance. C) The time at which aircraft is given an air traffic control clearance. D) The point to which aircraft is granted an air traffic control clearance.

Heli

3361 (C)

I

3363 (8)

I

ATPL

IR

Aviationexam Test Prep Edition 2012

3365. Airplane ATPL IR Heli What does the abbreviation SSR mean?

ATPL

3385. Airplane ATPL IR Heli What does the abbreviation MLS mean?

IR

A) Standard snow report. S) Search and surveillance radar. C) Surface strength of runway. D) Secondary surveillance radar.

ATPL

15943. Airplane ATPL IR Heli What does the abbreviation RNAV mean?

IR

ICAO Doc 8400: RNA V (to be pronounced "AR-NA V") =Area navigation.

ATPL

24643. Airplane ATPL IR What does H24 mean?

IR

A) Sunset to sunrise. S) Continuous day and night service. C) Sunrise to sunset. D) No specific working hours.

ATPL

24680. Airplane The SELCAL system:

IR

IR

ATPL

ATPL

IR

Heli

ATPL

IR

A) allows two way VHF data transmission between ATC and aircraft. S) allows two way data transmission between operator and aircraft. C) allows the aircraft to be contacted on VHF and HF frequencies that are not being monitored by the flight crew. D) allows satellite communication.

ICAO Doc 8400: INS =Inertial Navigation System.

IR

For explanation refer to question #3361 on page 29.

A) A general term meaning the taxiway and the runway system of an international airport. S) A defined position on an aerodrome used for the calibration ofthe inertial navigation system. C) A signal indicating the direction of the runway-in-use. D) A specified geographical position used to define an area navigation route or the flight path of an aircraft employing area navigation. ICAODoc4444-Chapter 1: WAYPOINT: a specified geographical location used to define an area navigation route or the flight path of an aircraft employing area navigation. Waypoints are identified as either: FLY-BY waypoint = a waypoint which requires turn anticipation to allow tangential interception of the next segment of a route or procedure, or FLYOVER waypoint = a waypoint at which a turn is initiated in order to join the next segment of a route or procedure.

A) S) C) D)

ATPL

ICAO Doc 8400: H24 = Continuous day and night service.

A) Instrument navigation system. S) Inertial navigation system. C) International NOTAM system. D) International navigation service.

3382. Airplane ATPL IR Heli What does the abbreviation AIS mean?

Heli

A) Operates 24 hours. S) Sunrise to Sunset. C) Available 24 hours a day by prior notice only. D) Aircraft handling available 24 hours a day.

ICAO Doc 8400: HJ =Sunrise to sunset.

3377. Airplane ATPL IR Heli What does the term "WAYPOINT" mean?

IR

A) Area navigation. S) Route navigation. C) Radar aided navigation. D) Radio navigation.

ICAO Doc 8400: IMC = Instrument Meteorological Conditions.

3376. Airplane ATPL IR Heli What does the abbreviation INS mean?

ATPL

ICAO Doc 8400: MLS = Microwave Landing System.

A) In most cases. S) Instrument meteorological conditions. C) International meteorological channel. D) In meteorological conditions.

3371. Airplane ATPL IR Heli What does the abbreviation HJ mean?

IR

A) Microwave landing system. S) Minimum safe level. C) Mean sea level. D) Minimum sector level.

ICAO Doc 8400: SSR =Secondary Surveillance Radar.

3370. Airplane ATPL IR Heli What does the abbreviation IMC mean?

ATPL

ATPL

IR

Airport information system. Aerodrome identification signal area. Aeronautical information service. Aerodrome information service.

24686. Airplane ATPL IR Heli Which of the following are radar services?

ATPL

IR

1) Radar Control 2) Radar Advisory 3) Flight Information Service 4) Approach Control 5) An SRA 6) A PAR 7)AQGH 8) An ILS

A) All S) 2,3,4,5,6,8 C) 1,2,3,4,5,6 D) 1,2,4,5,6 ICAODoc4444-Chapter 1: RADAR SERVICE: Term used to indicate a service provided directly by means of radar. Obviously, all of the items mentioned necessarily involve the use of radar, with the exception of 3) FIS, which can be provided without the use of radar, as well as 7) QGH (Radio Direction-Finding Letdown Procedure) and 8) ILS approach.

24693. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR The abbreviation "HN" means the facility described operates:

ICAO Doc 8400: AIS = Aeronautical Information Service.

A) S) C) D)

between sunrise and sunset. 24 hours a day. by prior notification. between sunset and sunrise.

ICAO Doc 8400: HN = Sunset to sunrise.

EI

1 3365 (0) 1 3370 (8) 1 3371 (C) 124686 (0) 124693 (0) 1

1 3376 (8)

1 3377 (0) 1 3382 (C) 1 3385 (A) 115943 (A) 124643 (A) 124680 (C) 1

01 Definitions

01-03 Q-Code Groups Commonly Used in RTF Air-Ground Communications 20869. Airplane ATPL IR QFE is the RTF Q-code to indicate:

Heli

ATPL

IR

A) the atmospheric pressure corrected to the aircraft cockpit height. B) the altimeter sub-scale setting to obtain the flight level referencedatum. C) the atmospheric pressure at aerodrome elevation (or at runway threshold). D) the atmospheric pressure referred to the highest fixed obstacle located on the surface of an aerodrome. ICAOAnnex 10-chapter I -section 1.9 (Flight Level) QFE: The observed pressure at a specified datum (usually aerodrome or runway threshold elevation) corrected for temperature. When the pilot is asked to maintain for example 2500 ft above the aerodrome QFE, the reference is made as "height of 2500 ft" - not as an altitude of 2500 ft. When the term altitude is used, it refers to altimeter reading based on QNH value set in the sub-scale.

Airplane ATPL IR Heli In relation to Direction Finding a QDM is: 24619.

ATPL

IR

A) a true bearing of the aircraft measured from the VDF station. B) a magnetic bearing of the aircraft measured from the VDF

station. C) a true bearing of the aircraft measured to the VDF station. D) a magnetic heading for a pilot to steer to reach the VDF station. ICAO Doc 8400: QDM =Magnetic heading (zero wind). 24697. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR The pressure at the aerodrome reduced to sea level with regard to international standard atmosphere conditions is:

A) QFE B) QFF C) QRM D) QNH ICAO Doc 8400: QNH = the altimeter sub-scale setting to obtain elevation when on the ground. QNH = the QFE reduced to mean sea level (MSL) pressure using the standard atmosphere lapse rate. The pressure altimeter is calibrated to the standard atmosphere, and so when QNH is seton the altimeter subscale, the instrument indicates the airfield elevation at the airfield datum point. We talk above of reducing QFE to QNH. It is however a reduction in height which results in an increase in pressure when changing QFE to QNH for an airfield which is above MSL. When ATC clearance includes an altitude, it should be accompanied by the current QNH value. 29126. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR An aircraft is requested to fly at 2.500 feet on the airfield QFE. All references to vertical position should now be referred to as:

A) B) C) D)

height altitude pressure altitude flight level

For explanation refer to question #20869 on this page.

29127. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR If a ground DIF controller passes a bearing thus: "your true bearing is 256°, class alpha." This means:

A) QTE accurate to ± 50. B) QUJ accurate to ± 30 • C) QDR accurate to ± 20. D) QTE accurate to ± 20. ICAO Doc 8400: QTE = True bearing. ICAO Annex 70, Volume I/, 6.2.12 According to the estimate by the direction-finding station of the accuracy of the observations, bearings and positions shall be classified as follows: BEARINGS Class A - accurate within ± 2°; Class B - accurate within ± 5°; Class C - accurate within ± 70°; Class D - accuracy less than Class C. POSITIONS: Class A - accurate within 9,3 km (5 NM); Class B - accurate within 37 km (20 NM); Class C - accurate within 92 km (50 NM); Class D - accuracy less than Class C. 29128. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR You obtain a clearance to descend to an altitude of 2.500 feet, the clearance should also include the following pressure setting or settings:

A) QFE B) QNE C) QFEorQNH D) QNH For explanation refer to question #24697 on this page. 29129. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR A VDF bearing or heading may be passed using the appropriate phrase or "Q" code. The code QDR means:

A) the true bearing of the aircraft from the ground station. B) the magnetic bearing of the aircraft from the ground station. C) the magnetic heading to steer by the aircraft to reach the VDF station. D) the aircraft is instructed to turn onto the specified heading unless it is unable to comply in which case ATC must be immediately advised. ICAO Doc 8400: QDR = Magnetic Bearing (from the station). 29130. Airplane ATPL IR What does QDR mean?

A) B) C) D)

Heli

ATPL

IR

True heading to the station. Magnetic heading to the station (no wind). True bearing from the station. Magnetic bearing from the station.

ICAO Doc 8400: QDR =Magnetic Bearing (from the station). 29131. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What is the Q-code for true bearing from the station?

A) QFE B) QDR C) QDM D) QTE ICAO Doc 8400: QTE =True Bearing (from the station). 120869 (e) 1 24619 (0) 124697 (D) 1 29126 (A) 1 29127 (0) 1 29128 (0) 1 29129 (8) 1 29130 (0) 1 29131 (0) 1

EI

Aviationexam Test Prep Edition 2012 29132. Airplane ATPL IR Heli Which Q-code is used to report altitude?

ATPL

IR

A) QNH B) QFE C) QFF D) QNJ

Airplane ATPL IR What does QDM mean? 29136.

Heli

ATPL

IR

A) True bearing from the station. B) Magnetic bearing from the station. C) True heading to the station (no wind). D) Magnetic heading to the station (no wind).

For explanation refer to question #24697 on page 31.

ICAO Doc 8400: QDM = Magnetic heading (zero wind).

29133. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What is the Q-code for magnetic bearing from the station?

29137. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What is the Q-code for magnetic heading to the station (no wind)?

A) QTE B) QDR C) QDM D) QFE

A) QDM B) QDR C) QNE D) QTE

ICAO Doc 8400: QDR =Magnetic Bearing (from the station).

ICAO Doc 8400: QDM = Magnetic heading (zero wind).

Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR If you are requested to report your height, to which Q-code setting would you refer? 29134.

A) QBI

29138. Airplane ATPL IR What does QTE mean?

A) B) C) D)

B) QNH C) QDM D) QFE For explanation refer to question #20869 on page 31. 29135. Airplane ATPL IR QNH is the Q-code to indicate:

Heli

Heli

ATPL

IR

Magnetic heading to the station. Magnetic bearing from the station. True heading to the station (no wind). True bearing from the station.

ICAO Doc 8400: QTE = True Bearing (from the station). ATPL

IR

A) the atmospheric pressure measured at the aerodrome reference point (ARP). B) the atmospheric pressure at aerodrome elevation (or at runway threshold). C) the altimeter sub-scale setting to obtain elevation when on the ground. D) the atmospheric pressure referred to the highest obstacle located on the surface of an aerodrome. For explanation refer to question #24697 on page 31.

01-04 Categories of Messages 20865. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR The priority of the pilot's message "request QDM" is:

A) B) C) D)

less than "descend to flight leveL." same as "Iatest QNH 1018". greater than "turn left heading ..." less than "request climb to flight leveL."

ICAD Annex 10, Volume II, 5.1.8 - Categories of messages: The categories of messages handled by the aeronautical mobile service and the order of priority in the establishment of communications and the transmission of messages shall be in accordance with the following table (Message category and order ofpriority): a) DISTRESS calls, distress messages and distress traffic b) URGENCY messages, including messages preceded by the medical transports signal c) Communications relating to DIRECTION FINDING d) FLIGHT SAFETY messages e) METEOROLOGICAL messages f) FLIGHT REGULARITY messages

24636. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR Which of the following statements relating to message categories is correct?

A) The lowest priority message category is meteorological. B) Urgency has greatest priority over everything except distress. C) Flight safety messages have a higher priority than direction finding messages. D) Flight safety messages have a higher priority than medical urgency messages. For explanation refer to question #20865 on this page.

1 29132 (A) 1 29133 (8) 1 29134 (D) 1 29135 (C) 1 29136 (D) 1 29137 (A) 1 29138 (D) 120865 (C) 124636 (8) 1

EI

01 Definitions 24683. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR The ATC message "G-XX, departing aircraft advise moderate turbulence present below FL50" is a: A) B) C) D)

flight regularity message. meteorological message. flight safety message. urgency message.

(Refer to figure 090-E01) ICAD Annex 10, Volume /I, 4.4 ICAD DDC 4444, Chapter 11, 11.1 Categories of messages [, ..1 d) Control messages (FF), including: - clearance messages - transfer of control messages - flow control messages - position report and air-report messages.

29139. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR You receive the following ATC message: "G-ABCD after departure cleared to zone boundary via route Charlie. Climb to altitude 2.000 feet QNH 1010, squawk 6313" This message is: A) a clearance to takeoff and depart to the zone boundary via route Charlie at 2.000 feet. B) a clearance to line-up. C) a flight safety message. D) a flight regularity message. For explanation refer to question #24683 on this page.

29140. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR A message concerning aircraft parts and material urgently required is: A) B) C) D)

a flight security message. an urgency message. a flight safety message. a flight regularity message.

(Refer to figure 090-E01) ICAD Annex 10, Volume /I, chapter 4.4

29141. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR The order of priority of the following messages in the aeronautical mobile service is: A) distress message, urgency message and direction finding message. B) direction finding message, distress message and urgency message. C) distress message, flight safety message and urgency message. D) meteorological message, direction finding message and flight regularity message. For explanation refer to question #20865 on page 32.

29142. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR The clearance "CLEARED FOR IMMEDIATE TAKEOFF RUNWAY 03"is: A) B) C) D)

Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR 29143. The message addressed to an Area Control Centre "REQUEST RADAR VECTORS TO CIRCUMNAVIGATE ADVERSE WEATHER" is: A) a meteorological message. B) a flight safety message. C) an urgency message. D) a message relating to direction finding. (Refer to figure 090-E01) ICAD Annex 10, Volume /I, chapter 4.4

29144. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR A message concerning an aircraft being threatened by grave and imminent danger, requiring immediate assistance is called: A) B) C) D)

flight safety message. distress message. urgency message. class B message.

(Refer to figure 090-E01) ICAD Annex 10, Volume /I, chapter 4.4

29145. Airplane ATPL IR Flight safety messages are:

Heli

ATPL

IR

A) operation messages concerning non-routine landings. B) air traffic control messages. C) messages concerning the safety of an aircraft, a vessel, any other vehicle or a person. D) messages relating to direction finding. For explanation refer to question #24683 on this page.

29146. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR The order of priority of the following messages in the aeronautical mobile service is: A) flight regularity message, distress message, meteorological message. B) meteorological message, direction finding message, flight safety message. C) flight safety message, meteorological message, flight regularity message. D) flight safety message, direction finding message, urgency message. For explanation refer to question #20865 on page 32.

29147. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR The priority of the instruction "TAXI TO RUNWAY 05" is: A) same as LINE-UP RUNWAY 07 AND WAIT. B) greater than TRANSMIT FOR QDM. C) greater than CAUTION, CONSTRUCTION WORK LEFT OF TAXIWAY. D) less than CLEARED TO LAND. For explanation refer to question #24683 on this page.

a flight safety message. an urgency message. an unauthorized message. a flight regularity message.

For explanation refer to question #24683 on this page.

124683 (C) 1 29139 (C) 1 29140 (D) 1 29141 (A) 1 29142 (A) 1 29143 (8) 1 29144 (8) 1 29145 (8) 1 29146 (C) 1 29147 (A) 1

EI

Aviationexam Test Prep Edition 2012

Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR The message to an aeronautical ground station "PLEASE CALL A TAXI-CAB FOR US. WE WILL ARRIVE AT 1045 AS SCHEDULED" is: 29148.

A) B) C) D)

an unauthorized message. a flight regularity message. a flight safety messages. an urgency message.

(Refer to figure 090-E01) ICAO Annex 10, Volume /I, 5.1.1.2 The transmission of messages, other than those specified in 5.1.8, on aeronautical mobile frequencies when the aeronautical fixed services are able to serve the intended purpose, shall be avoided.

f. ..J

Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR Aeronautical messages are given an order of priority. Which of the following statements reflects the correct order of priority? 29152.

A) Meteorological messages take precedence over direction finding messages. B) Flight safety messages will be handled before urgency messages. C) Messages relating to direction finding takes precedence over flight regularity messages. D) Flight safety messages take precedence over direction finding messages. For explanation refer to question #20865 on page 32.

ICAO Annex 10, Volume /I, 5.1.8 - Categories of messages: The categories of messages handled by the aeronautical mobile service and the order of priority in the establishment of communications and the transmission of messages shall be in accordance with the following table (Message category and order ofpriority): a) DISTRESS cal/s, distress messages and distress traffic b) URGENCY messages, including messages preceded by the medical transports signal c) Communications relating to DIRECTION FINDING d) FLIGHT SAFETY messages e) METEOROLOGICAL messages f) FLIGHT REGULARITY messages 29149. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR Which of the messages listed below shall not be handled by the aeronautical mobile service?

A) B) C) D)

Meteorological messages. Radio teletype messages. Flight safety messages. Urgency messages.

For explanation refer to question #29148 on this page. 29150. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR Air traffic control messages (clearances, instructions, etc.) belong to the category of:

A) flight safety messages. B) flight regularity messages. C) service messages. D) class B messages. (Refer to figure 090-E01) ICAO Annex 10, Volume /I, chapter 4.4 29151. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What does the term BLIND TRANSMISSION mean?

A) A transmission where no reply is required from the receiving station. B) A transmission of information relating to air navigation that is not addressed to a specific station or stations. C) A transmission of messages relating to enroute weather information which may affect the safety of aircraft operations that is not addressed to a specific station or stations. D) A transmission from one station to another station in circumstances where two-way communication cannot be established but it is believed that the called station is able to receive the transmission. ICAO Annex 10, Volume /I, Chapter 1: BLIND TRANSMISSION: A transmission from one station to another station in circumstances where two-way communication cannot be established but where it is believed that the called station is able to receive the transmission.

I 29148 (A) I 29149 (8) I 29150 (A) I 29151

(0)

I 29152 (C) I

02 General Operating Procedures

GENERAL OPERATING PROCEDURES 02-01 Transmission of Letters 31225. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What is the correct way of spelling out HB-JYC in a radio message? A) B) C) 0)

Hotel Hotel Hotel Hotel

Bravo India Yankee Charlie Bravo Juliett India Kilo Bravo Juliett Yankee Charlie Bravo India Victor Charlie

ICAD Annex 10, Volume /I, 5.2.1.3 - Word spelling. When proper names, service abbreviations and words of which the spelling is doubtful are spelled out in radiotelephony, the alphabet below shall be used... (see table 5-7 in ICAD Annex 70, Volume II - Radiotelephony Spelling).

02-02 Transmission of Numbers (Including Level Information) 3428. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What shall the pilot's read back be for "CLIMB TO FL280"? A) B) C) 0)

Climbing to flight level two eighty. Climbing to flight level two eight zero. Climbing two eight zero. Climbing to two eighty.

Note 2: The terms "height" and "altitude': used in Note 7 above, indicate altimetric rather than geometric heights and altitudes.

29153. Airplane ATPL IR Heli An altitude of 2600 feet is transmitted as:

(Refer to figure 090-E03) ICAD Annex 70, Volume 11- 5.2. 7.4 Transmission of numbers

3544. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What is the correct way of transmitting the number 118,1 to indicate a frequency? A) B) C) 0)

IR

Heli

ATPL

IR

A) a height above 3.000 ft. B) a surface of constant atmospheric pressure related to a datum of 1.013,2 hPa. C) a surface of varying atmospheric pressure related to a datum of 1.013,2 hPa. 0) an altitude of constant height related to 1.013,2 hPa. ICAD Annex 10, Volume I/, Chapter 7: FLIGHT LEVEL: a surface of constant atmospheric pressure which is related to a specific pressure datum, 1073.2 hectopascals (hPa), and is separated from other such surfaces by specific pressure intervals. Note 7: A pressure type altimeter calibrated in accordance with the standard atmosphere: a) when set to a QNH altimeter setting, will indicate altitude;

I 31225 (C) I

3428 (8)

I

3544 (A)

IR

two thousand six hundred feet. two six hundred feet. two six thousand feet. two six zero zero feet.

29154. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR An aircraft is flying north-east at 2.500 feet. TOWER requests heading and level. What is the correct response?

(Refer to figure 090-E03) ICAD Annex 10, Volume 1/- 5.2. 7.4 Transmission of numbers ATPL

A) B) C) 0)

ATPL

(Refer to figure 090-E03) ICAD Annex 10, Volume 11- 5.2.7.4 Transmission of numbers

One one eight decimal one. One eighteen one. One one eight one. One one eight point one.

24687. Airplane A Flight Level is:

b) when set to a QFE altimeter setting, will indicate height above the QFE reference datum; c) when set to a pressure 7073.2 hPa, may be used to indicate flight levels.

A) B) C) 0)

045 and 2.500. Heading north-east at level 25. Heading 45 at 2.500 feet. Heading 045 at 2.500 feet.

(Refer to figure 090-E03) ICAD Annex 10, Volume 11- 5.2.7.4 Transmission of numbers

29155. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What is the correct way of transmitting 1001 as a QNH? A) B) C) 0)

QNH one double 0 one. QNH one zero zero one. QNH one thousand and one. QNH one double zero one.

(Refer to figure 090-E03) ICAD Annex 70, Volume 1/- 5.2.7.4 Transmission of numbers

I 24687 (8) I 29153 (A) I 29154 (D) I 29155 (8) I

Aviationexam Test Prep Edition 2012

Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR During the transmission of numbers containing a decimal point: 29156.

A) the term DECIMAL can be omitted if no chance of misunderstanding exists. B) the term DECIMAL can be omitted with friendly ATS units only. C) the term DECIMAL must always be transmitted. D) the term DECIMAL must be spoken only if followed by three digits. (Refer to figure 090-E03) ICAD Annex 70, Volume II - 5.2. 7.4 Transmission of numbers 29157. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What is the correct way of transmitting the number 3500 when indicating an altitude or a height?

Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What is the correct way to transmit and read back frequency 120,375 MHz (VHF channel separated by 25 kHz)? 29158.

A) B) C) D)

One two zero decimal three seven. One twenty decimal three seven. One two zero decimal three seven five. One two zero three seven.

CAP 473 - Radiotelephony Manual:

.

[. .]

7.4.4 - All six figures shall be used when identifying frequencies irrespective of whether they are 25 kHz or 8.33 kHz spaced. Exceptionally, when the final two digits of the frequency are both zero, only the first four digits need be given. In technical terms an 8.33 kHz frequency is referred to os a "channeJ'~ however the word "channel" is not used in RTF. Military phraseology for identifying UHF frequencies appears in Chapter 70 paragraph 2.7.

A) Three five double zero. B) Three five zero zero. C) Three five hundred. D) Three thousand five hundred. (Refer to figure 090-E03) ICAD Annex 70, Volume II - 5.2. 7.4 Transmission of numbers

02-03 Transmission of Time Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR When indications of time are passed on the RT for position reports, ETAs and EATs, the RTF operators should employ: 24709.

A) GMT B) lMT C) UTe D) EST

A) B) C) D)

(Refer to figure 090-E03) lCAD Annex 70, Volume II - 5.2. 7.4 Transmission of numbers ICAD Annex 70, Volume 11-3.4 Time system 3.4.7 Universal Co-ordinated Time (UTC) shall be used by all stations in the aeronautical telecommunication service. Midnight shall be designated as 2400 for the end of the day and 0000 for the beginning of the day.

Airplane ATPL IR Heli The time of 1400 UTe is transmitted as: 29159.

A) B) C) D)

ATPL

IR

one thousand four hundred. one four zero zero. fourteen hundred UTe. one four zero zero uniform tango charlie.

Airplane ATPL IR Heli A time of 11:20 hours is transmitted as: 29160.

one one two zero or two zero. eleven twenty hours. eleven twenty. twenty past eleven.

One six one five. Four fifteen PM. Sixteen fifteen. Four fifteen in the afternoon.

For explanation refer to question #24709 on this page. 29162. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR The time is 9:20 AM. What is the correct way of transmitting this time if there is no possibility of confusion about the hour?

A) B) C) D)

Twozero. Twenty. Two zero this hour. Nine twenty AM.

For explanation refer to question #24709 on this page.

Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR When transmitting time, which time system shall be used? 29163.

For explanation refer to question #24709 on this page.

A) B) C) D)

Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR The time is 4:15 PM. What is the correct way of transmitting this time if there is any possibility of confusion about the hour? 29161.

ATPL

IR

A) local time (IT), 24-hour clock. B) Co-ordinated universal time (UTe). C) local time (IT) AM and PM. D) No specific system, as only the minutes are normally required. For explanation refer to question #24709 on this page.

For explanation refer to question #24709 on this page.

I 29156 (e) I 29157 (D) I 29158 (C) I 24709 (C) I 29159 (8) I 29160 (A) I 29161

(A)

I 29162 (A) I 29163 (8) I

02 General Operating Procedures

02-04 Transmission Technique 3569. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What is the consequence of a microphone button stuck on transmit (switched on)? A) B) C) D)

The frequency can not be used by others. None. Other stations will have to use the WORD TWICE technique. Readability will improve for all stations.

In the situation, where the microphone button is stuck in the 'TRANSMIT" position, the radio is transmitting permanently, and since VHF communications are not telephone communications, nobody else can talk on that particular frequency - but they can hear everything you say:)

29164. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What is meant by good microphone technique? A) Keep the microphone far away since it improves the readability. B) Speak very loudly into the microphone. C) Use a normal conversation tone, speak clearly and distinctly. D) Make large use of hesitation sounds as ER. (Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-EOS) ICAO Annex 10, Volume II, Chapter S.2.1.S

29165. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR My message will be more effective and understandable if I: A) B) C) D)

maintain the speaking volume at a constant level. use the words twice method. stress the end of message. stress every beginning of message.

(Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-EOS) ICAO Annex 10, Volume II, Chapter S.2.1.5

29166. Airplane ATPL IR Before transmitting the pilot should:

Heli

ATPL

IR

A) make sure that the aircraft is levelled off. B) listen out on the frequency to ensure no interference with another station already transmitting will occur. C) always write the message and read it during the transmission. D) make sure that the emergency frequency is tuned in at the same time. (Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-EOS) ICAO Annex 10, Volume II, Chapter 5.2.1.5

02-05 Standard Words and Phrases (Relevant RTF Phraseology Included) 2610. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR Which of the following calls is a "GENERAL CALL"? A) B) C) D)

YX-DEF Stephenville CONTROL. YX-EFG, YX-FGH over. ALL STATIONS Stephenville CONTROL. YX-ABC, YX-BCD, YX-CDE Stephenville CONTROL.

f. ..J 7.2.2 Preamble of the general call The preamble of each radiotelephone broadcast shall consist of the general cal/, station name, and optionally the time of broadcast (UTC). Note: The following example illustrates the application of this procedure: ALL STATIONS (general call), THIS IS NEW YORK RADIO (station name prefixed by THIS IS), TIME ZERO ZERO FOUR FIVE (time of broadcast), ... message follows. Note: Since a general call is sent to all stations monitoring the frequency, it would be quite a mess if everybody acknowledged the transmission; therefore, general calls are not acknowledged.

A) B) C) D)

ATPL

Wait and I will call you. A change has been made to your last clearance. Annul the previously transmitted clearance. Consider that transmission as not sent.

(Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAO Annex 10, Volume I/, Chapter 5.2.1.5

Heli

ATPL

IR

3331. Airplane ATPL IR Heli What does the word "APPROVED" mean?

ATPL

IR

A) B) C) D)

ICAO Annex 10, Volume II, 5.2.1.7.3.2.2: Stations having a requirement to transmit information to all stations likely to intercept should preface such transmission by the general call ALL STATIONS, followed by the identification of the calling station.

3324. Airplane ATPL IR Heli What does the word "CANCEL" mean?

3329. Airplane ATPL IR What does the word "CHECK" mean?

IR

I understand your message. Confirm your last transmission. Read back my last instruction. Examine a system or procedure.

(Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAO Annex 10, Volume II, Chapter 5.2.1.5

A) B) C) D)

Permission for proposed action granted. That is correct. Authorized to proceed under the conditions specified. I repeat for clarity or emphasis.

(Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAO Annex 10, Volume II, Chapter S.2.1.5

3340. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What does the phrase "BREAK BREAK" mean? A) The exchange of transmissions is ended and no response is expected. B) It indicates the separation between portions of a message transmitted to an aircraft station. C) It indicates the separation between messages transmitted to different aircraft in a very busy environment. D) My transmission is ended and I expect a response from you. (Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-EOS) ICAO Annex 10, Volume II, Chapter 5.2.1.5

1 3569 (A) 129164 (C) 129165 (A) 129166 (8) 1 2610 (C) 1 3324 (C) 1 3329 (0) 1 3331 (A) 1 3340 (C)

Aviationexam Test Prep Edition 2012 3360. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR Which of these phrases is used if you want to communicate that a message "CONSIDER THAT TRANSMISSION AS NOT SENT"?

A) B) C) D)

My last transmission is cancelled. Cancel my last message. Forget it. Disregard.

A) An approach by an IFR flight when either part or all of an instrument approach procedure is not completed and the approach is executed in visual reference to terrain. B) An approach executed by an IFR flight unable to maintain VMC. C) A visual manoeuvre executed by an IFR flight when the weather conditions at the aerodrome of destination are equal to or better than required VMC minima. D) An extension of an instrument approach procedure to bring an aircraft into position for landing on a runway which is not suitably located for straight-in-approach. ICAO Doc 4444 - Chapter 7: VISUAL APPROACH: an approach by an IFR flight when either part or al/ of an instrument approach procedure is not completed and the approach is executed in visual reference to terrain. ATPL

IR

That is correct. Radar contact established. Listen out on (frequency). Establish radio contact with ...

IR

3379. Airplane ATPL IR Heli What does the word "REPORT" mean?

ATPL

IR

A) Say again. B) Repeat all of this message back to me exactly as received. C) Pass me the following information. D) Examine a system or procedure. (Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAO Annex 70, Volume II, Chapter 5.2. 7.5 3389. Airplane ATPL IR Heli What does the word "DISREGARD" mean?

A) B) C) D)

ATPL

IR

Consider that transmission as not sent. An error has been made in this transmission. Annul the previously transmitted clearance. Wait and I will call you.

(Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAO Annex 70, Volume II, Chapter 5.2. 7.5 3392. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What does the word "ACKNOWLEDGE" mean?

A) Let me know that you have received and understood this message. B) Pass me the following information. C) Repeat all of this message back to me exactly as received. D) Repeat all of your last transmission.

(Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAO Annex 70, Volume I/, Chapter 5.2. 7.5 3367. Airplane ATPL IR Heli What does the word "CORRECT" mean?

ATPL

(Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAO Annex 70, Volume I/, Chapter 5.2. 7.5

3362. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR When flying in accordance with IFR, which of the following best describes the term "VISUAL APPROACH"?

A) B) C) D)

Airplane ATPL IR Heli What does the word "RECLEARED" mean? 3375.

A) Consider that transmission as not sent. B) Permission for proposed action granted. C) An error has been made in my last transmission. D) A change has been made to your last clearance.

(Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAO Annex 70, Volume II, Chapter 5.2. 7.5

3366. Airplane ATPL IR Heli What does the word "CONTACT" mean?

for a landing. Note: The actual time of leaving the holding point will depend upon the approach clearance.

ATPL

IR

A) That is correct. B) An error has been made in this transmission. The correct version is ... C) Permission for proposed action not granted. D) Negative, the correct version is ... (Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAO Annex 70, Volume II, Chapter 5.2. 7.5

Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What does the term "EXPECTED APPROACH TIME" mean? 3372.

A) The time at which ATC expects that an arriving aircraft, following a delay, will leave the holding point to complete its approach for a landing. B) The holding time over the radio facility from which the instruments approach procedure for a landing will be initiated. C) The time at which an arriving aircraft expects to arrive over the appropriate designated navigation aid serving the destination aerodrome. D) The time at which an arriving aircraft, upon reaching the radio aid serving the destination aerodrome, will commence the instrument approach procedure for a landing.

(Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAO Annex 70, Volume I/, Chapter 5.2. 7.5 3398. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR Which word or phrase shall be used in order to repeat for clarity or emphasis?

A) B) C) D)

I say again. Confirm. Read back. Verify.

(Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAO Annex 70, Volume II, Chapter 5.2. 7.5 3403. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR Which word or phrase shall be used if you want to say: "REDUCE YOUR RATE OF SPEECH"?

A) B) C) D)

Speak slower. Words twice. Repeat. Say again.

(Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAO Annex 70, Volume II, Chapter 5.2. 7.5

ICAO Doc 4444 - Chapter 7: EXPEaED APPROACH TIME: the time at which ATC expects that an arriving aircraft, fol/owing a delay, will leave the holding point to complete its approach

EI

13360(0) I 3362(A) 13366(0) I 3367(A) I 3372 (A) 13375(0) I 3379 (C) I 3389(A) I 3392 (A) I 3398(A) I I 3403 (A) I

02 General Operating Procedures

3412. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR To indicate that he is no longer occupying the active runway a pilot shall report to the controller: A) RUNWAY VACATED. B) RUNWAY CLEARED. C) RUNWAY FREE. D) CLEAR OF RUNWAY.

(Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAD Annex 70, Volume I/, Chapter 5.2. 7.5

3438. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR Which phraseology shall a pilot use if he receives an instruction from ATC which he cannot carry out? A) B) C) D)

ICAD Doc 4444 - Chapter 72 - 72.3.4.7: ... after landing, when instructed to vacate the runway, the pilot's response (once the runway is vacated) is: RUNWAY VACATED.

3413. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR Which phrase should a pilot use to inform ATC that he is initiating a missed approach procedure? A) B) C) D)

GOING AROUND. MISSED APPROACH. PULLING UP. OVERSHOOTING.

ICAD DOC 4444, 72.3.4 Phraseologies for use on and in the vicinity of the aerodrome [,..1 72.3.4.78 MISSED APPROACH: a) GO AROUND (ATC instruction); b) GOING AROUND (pilot transmission)

3415. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR Which phrase shall be used if you want to say "COMMUNICATION IS DIFFICULT. PLEASE SEND EVERY WORD OR GROUP OF WORD TWICE"? A) B) C) D)

WORDS TWICE. SAY AGAIN, SAY AGAIN. REPEAT TWICE. MESSAGE SECOND TIME.

3419. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR Which word shall be used to ask a station whether you have correctly received a message, clearance, instruction, etc? CONFIRM. CORRECT. ACKNOWLEDGE. VERIFY.

3445. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR Which word or phrase shall be used to indicate that a change has been made to your last clearance and this new clearance supersedes your previous clearance or part thereof? A) B) C) D)

3424. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR How shall a pilot inform the control tower that he has to abandon the takeoff manoeuvre? STOPPING. ABANDONING TAKEOFF. ABORTING TAKEOFF. CANCELLING TAKEOFF.

(Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAD Annex 70, Volume I/, Chapter 5.2. 7.5

3451. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR Which word or phrase shall be used to indicate a separation between portions of a message? A) B) C) D)

3453. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR Which word shall be used to indicate that an error has been made in a transmission or message? A) B) C) D)

3454. Airplane ATPL IR Heli What does the word "MONITOR" mean? A) B) C) D)

3436. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What does the instruction "FASTAIR 345 STANDBY 118,9 FOR TOWER" mean? A) Fastair 345 should standby on the current frequency. B) Fastair 345 should change frequency to 118,9, on which aerodrome data are being broadcast. C) Fastair 345 should contact TOWER on 118,9. D) Fastair 345 should listen on frequency 118,9 on which TOWER will initiate further communications.

I I

3413 (A) 3459 (C)

I I

3415 (A)

CORRECTION. CORRECT. NEGATIVE. DISREGARD.

ATPL

IR

Examine a system or procedure. Wait and I will call you. Establish radio contact with ... Listen out on (frequency).

3459. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR Which word or phrase shall be used when giving authorization to proceed under specified conditions?

ATC: STOP IMMEDIATELY (repeat aircraft call sign) STOP IMMEDIATELY; Pilot: STOPPING;

3412 (A) 3454 (D)

BREAK. STOP. I SAY AGAIN. OVER.

(Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAD Annex 70, Volume II, Chapter 5.2. 7.5

ICAD DOC 4444 - 72.3.4.77 [, ..1 ... to stop a takeoff after an aircraft has commenced takeoff roll:

I I

RECLEARED. CLEARED. APPROVED. BREAK BREAK.

(Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAD Annex 70, Volume II, Chapter 5.2. 7.5

(Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAD Annex 70, Volume II, Chapter 5.2.7.5

A) B) C) D)

(Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAD Annex 70, Volume II, Chapter 5.2. 7.5

(Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAD Annex 70, Volume I/, Chapter 5.2. 7.5

(Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAD Annex 70, Volume II, Chapter 5.2.7.5

A) B) C) D)

Unable to comply. Negative instruction. Impossible to make it . Disregard.

I

3419 (A)

I

3424 (A)

I

A) B) C) D)

APPROVED. GO AHEAD. CLEARED. I SAY AGAIN: PROCEED.

(Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAD Annex 70, Volume II, Chapter 5.2. 7.5

3436 (D)

I

3438 (A)

I

3445 (A)

I

3451 (A)

I

3453 (A)

I

EI

Aviationexam Test Prep Edition 2012 3477. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR Which elements of a position report cannot be omitted?

A) B) C) D)

Aircraft identification, position, time, level. Aircraft identification, position, time. Aircraft identification, position, level. Aircraft identification, position, next position.

ICAO DOC 4444 - Chapter 4 - 4.11.2 Contents of voice position reports 4.11.2.1 The position reports required by 4.11.1.1 and 4.11.1.2 shall contain the following elements ofinformation, except that elements (4), (5) and (6) may be omitted from position reports transmitted by radiotelephony, when so prescribed on the basis of regional air navigation agreements: 1) aircraft identification 2) position 3) time 4) flight level or altitude, including passing level and cleared level if not maintaining the cleared level 5) next position and time over 6) ensuing significant point. 3479. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR When shall the phrase "TAKEOFF" be used by a pilot?

A) Only when the aircraft has already moved onto the active runway. B) Never, it is used only by the control tower. C) To inform TOWER when ready for departure. D) To acknowledge takeoff clearance only. NEVER, NEVER, use the phrase HREADY FOR TAKEOFF': The word 'TAKEOFFHcan only be used when contained in the actual takeoff clearance. In all other cases you must use the word HDEPARTUREH(Ready for departure; or just Ready).

Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR If you are requested to "REPORT FLIGHT CONDITIONS", what does that mean? 3484.

A) B) C) D)

Indicate weather conditions as wind, visibility, temperature. Indicate whether you are flying in IMC or in VMC. Indicate if visibility is sufficient for landing Indicate whether you are flying IFR or VFR.

When asked to HREPORT FLIGHT CONDITIONS'~ what the ATC wants to know is whether you are currently in Instrument Meteorological Conditions - IMC or Visual Meteorological Conditions - VMC (actual conditions, not the specification on your flight plan). 20872. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR When an aeronautical station broadcasts information to more than one station, the call starts with:

A) B) C) D)

HMessage to all aircraft on this frequency". "Please listen". "All stations". "General broadcast".

A) B) C) D)

Heli

pass me the following information. file an ATSU report on landing. return to home base. read back this clearance.

(Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAO Annex 10, Volume I/, Chapter 5.2.1.5

A) I SAY AGAIN. B) WORDS TWICE. C) PLEASE REPEAT. D) SPEAK TWICE. (Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAO Annex 10, Volume II, Chapter 5.2.1.5 24640. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR For clarity or confirmation of a· transmission you would use the phrase:

A) WORDS TWICE. B) I SAY AGAIN. C) I REPEAT. D) ENCORE. (Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAO Annex 10, Volume II, Chapter 5.2.1.5 24644. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR Certain RT procedures require messages to be broadcast to all stations using a particular frequency. Such messages would be preceded with the phrase:

A) all aircraft on frequency. B) all aircraft. C) now hear this. D) all stations. For explanation refer to question #2610 on page 3Z

Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR The phrase "UNDER RADAR CONTROL" means: 24684.

A) ATC instructions may be obeyed at the pilot's discretion. B) ATC instructions must be obeyed unless avoiding immediate danger. C) ATC information is advisory. D) ATC will provide information on other traffic but no avoiding action will be given. ICAO Doc 4444 - Chapter 8 - Radar Services 8.4.1 Where suitable radar systems and communication systems are available, radar-derived information, including safety-related alerts and warnings such as conflict alert and minimum safe altitude warning, should be used to the extent possible in the provision of air traffic control service in order to improve capacity and efficiency as well as to enhance safety.

Airplane ATPL IR Heli The correct.way to say "YES" on the RT is: 24688.

For explanation refer to question #2610 on page 3Z 24627. Airplane ATPL IR The instruction "REPORT" means:

24639. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What would you say if you are having trouble with communications and wish to have everything repeated twice?

ATPL

IR

A) B) C) D)

ATPL

IR

AFFIRMATIVE AFFIRM YES ROGER

(Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAO Annex 10, Volume II, Chapter 5.2.1.5

Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR A "FINAL" call is made when the aircraft turns on to final approach within _ from the landing threshold. 24702.

A) 8NM

B) 8 km C) between 4 NM and 8 NM D) 4NM ICAO Doc 4444 - Chapter 12 - 12.3.4.15: The report HLONG FINALH is made when aircraft turn on to final approach at a distance greater than 7 km (4 NM) from touchdown or when an aircraft on a straight-in approach is 15 km (8 NM) from touchdown. In both cases a report HFINALH is required at 7 km (4 NM) from touchdown.

1 3477 (8) 1 3479 (0) 124702 (0) 1

1 3484 (8) 120872 (C) 1 24627 (A) 1 24639 (8) 1 24640 (8) 124644 (0) 124684 (8) 124688 (8) 1

02 General Operating Procedures 24711. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR In addition to aircraft identification, routine position reporting on HF orVHF must contain:

A) position, time and height. B) position, time, next reporting point and ETA. C) time, level, next reporting point and ETA. D) position, time, level, next position and ETA.

26717. Airplane ATPL IR Heli What does the word "NEGATIVE" mean?

ATPL

IR

A) I say again. B) Consider that transmission as not sent. C) Annul the previously transmitted clearance. D) That is not correct. (Refer to figures 090-f04 and 090-f05) ICAD Annex 10, Volume II, Chapter 5.2.1.5

For explanation refer to question #3477 on page 40.

02-06 Radiotelephony Call Signs for Aeronautical Stations Including Use of Abbreviated Call Signs Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What is the radiotelephony call sign suffix for the aeronautical station providing radar service (in general)? 3396.

Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What is the radiotelephony call sign for the aeronautical station providing approach control (no radar service)? 3441.

A) RADAR B) CONTROL C) RADAR CONTROL D) RADAR SERVICE

A) RADAR B) ARRIVAL C) APPROACH D) CONTROL

(Refer to figure 090-f02) ICAD Annex 10, Volume 11- Chapter 5

(Refer to figure 090-f02) ICAD Annex 10, Volume 11- Chapter 5

3408. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What is the radiotelephony call sign suffix for the aeronautical station indicating clearance delivery?

3442. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What is the radiotelephony call sign for the aeronautical station indicating area control centre (no radar)?

A) CLEARANCE DELIVERY B) CLEARANCE C) DELIVERY D) RADIO

A) APPROACH B) CENTRE C) CONTROL D) RADAR

(Refer to figure 090-f02) ICAD Annex 10, Volume 11- Chapter 5

(Refer to figure 090-f02) ICAD Annex 10, Volume 11- Chapter 5

3420. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What is the radiotelephony call sign for the aeronautical station indicating approach control radar departures?

24612. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR A pilot may file a flight plan with an ATSU during flight. Which air traffic service should normally be used for this purpose?

A) RADAR B) CONTROL C) DEPARTURE D) APPROACH

A) FIS

B) RADAR C) APPROACH D) TOWER

(Refer to figure 090-f02) ICAD Annex 10, Volume 11- Chapter 5 3425. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What is the radiotelephony call sign for the aeronautical station indicating approach control radar arrivals?

A) B) C) D)

ARRIVAL APPROACH RADAR DIRECTOR

ICAD DDC 4444 - Chapter 4: 4.4.2.2.1 A flight plan to be submitted during flight should normally be transmitted to the AT5 unit in charge of the FIR, control area, advisory area or advisory route in or on which the aircraft is flying, or in or through which the aircraft wishes to fly or to the aeronautical telecommunication station serving the air traffic services unit concerned. When this is not practicable, it should be transmitted to another ATS unit or aeronautical telecommunication station for retransmission as required to the appropriate air traffic services unit.

(Refer to figure 090-f02) ICAD Annex 10, Volume 11- Chapter 5

I 24711

(D) 126717 (D)

I

3396 (A)

I

3408 (C)

I

3420 (C)

I

3425 (A)

I

3441 (C)

I

3442 (C) 124612 (A)

I

EI

Aviationexam Test Prep Edition 2012

02-07 Radiotelephony Call Signs For Aircraft Including Use of Abbreviated Call Signs 3414. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What is the correct call sign of Fastair 345 in the initial call to the aerodrome control tower and the approach control unit, if the aircraft has a maximum takeoff weight of more than 136 tons? A) Fastair 345. B) Heavy Fastair 345. C) Fastair 345 heavy. 0) Fastair 345 wide body.

3481. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What, if any, is the abbreviated call sign of Fastair 2345? A) B) C) 0)

No abbreviated form. Fastair 345. Fastair 45. 2345.

(Refer to figure 090-E02) ICAD Annex 10, Volume 11- Chapter 5

ICAD Doc 4444 - Chapter 4: 4.9.2 Indication of heavy wake turbulence category For aircraft in the heavy wake turbulence category the word "HEAVY" shall be included immediately after the aircraft call sign in the initial radiotelephony contact between such aircraft and ATS units. Note: HEAVY = aircraft with takeoff mass of 736.000 kg and more (ICAD Doc 4444 - 4.9.7.7).

3478. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR When shall an aircraft in the heavy wake turbulence category include the word HEAVY immediately after its call sign e.g. Fastair 345 heavy? A) in the initial call to the aerodrome control tower and the approach control unit. B) never. C) in all calls. 0) in all calls to the aerodrome tower and the approach control unit.

24695. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR The correct phonetic abbreviation for G-ZULU is: A) B) C) 0)

GOLF ZULU GOLF LIMA UNIFORM GOLF UNIFORM LIMA UNIFORM LIMA UNIFORM

(Refer to figure 090-E02) ICAD Annex 70, Volume 1/- Chapter 5

24698. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR VIRGIN 1, an aircraft in the HEAVY weight category, should make first contact with an ATSU as follows: A) B) C) 0)

HEAVY VIRGIN 1 VIRGIN 1 HEAVY VIRGIN HEAVY 1 HEAVY 1

For explanation refer to question #3414 on this page.

For explanation refer to question #3474 on this page.

02-08 Transfer of Communication 3416. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR Fastair 345 has been instructed to contact Stephenville ARRIVAL on frequency 118,0. What is the correct way to indicate it will follow this instruction? A) B) C) 0)

CHANGING TO ARRIVAL FASTAIR 345. CHANGING OVER FASTAIR 345. 118,0 FASTAIR 345. STEPHENVILLE ARRIVAL FASTAIR 345.

ICAD Annex 77 - 3.7.3 Read-back of clearances and safety-related information 3.7.3.7 The flight crew.shall read back to the air traffic controller safety-related parts of ATC clearances and instructions which are transmitted by voice. The following items shall always be read back: a) ATC route clearances; b) clearances and instructions to enter, land on, take off on, hold short of, cross and backtrack on any runway; and c) runway-in-use, altimeter settings, SSR codes, level instructions, heading and speed instructions and, whether issued by the controller or contained in ATIS broadcasts, transition levels. 3.7.3.7.7 Dther clearances or instructions, including conditional clearances, shall be read back or acknowledged in a manner to clearly indicate that they have been understood and will be complied with. 3.7.3.7.2 The controller shall listen to the read back to ascertain that the clearance or instruction has been correctly acknowledged by the flight crew and shall take immediate action to correct any discrepancies revealed by the read back. f. ..J

I

3414 (C)

I

3478 (A)

I

3481 (A)

I 24695 (8) I 24698 (8) I

3416 (C)

I

02 General Operating Procedures

02-09 Test Procedures Including Readability Scale; Establishment of RTF Communication 3159. Airplane ATPL IR Blind transmission shall be made:

Heli

ATPL

IR

A) on the designated frequency (frequency in use). B) to all available aeronautical stations. C) on regional guard frequencies only. D) during IFR flights only. ICAD Annex 10, Volume 1/- 5.2.2.7 Communications failure f. ..J 5.2.2.Z 7.7 When an aircraft station fails to establish contact with the aeronautical station on the designated frequency, it shall attempt to establish contact on another frequency appropriate to the route. If this attempt fails, the aircraft station shall attempt to establish communication with other aircraft or other aeronautical stations on frequencies appropriate to the route. In addition, an aircraft operating within a network shall monitor the appropriate VHF frequency for calls from nearby aircraft.

5.2.2.Z7.2 If the attempts specified under 5.2.2.Z1.1 fail, the aircraft station shall transmit its message twice on the designated frequency(ies), preceded by the phrase 'TRANSMITTING BLIND" and, if necessary, include the addressee(s) for which the message is intended.

3437. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What phrase shall be used when asking for the readability of a transmission? A) Read you loud and clear. B) Read back. C) Report readability. D) How do you read? (Refer to figures 090-E04 and 090-E05) ICAD Annex 10, Volume 11, Chapter 5.2.1.5

3536. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What is meant by the phrase "READABILITY 4"? A) B) C) D)

Readable now and then. Readable. Perfectly readable. Readable but with difficulty.

ICAD Annex 70, Volume 1/- Chapter 5: 5.2.7.8.4 When the tests are made, the following readability scale should be used: 7 =Unreadable 2 = Readable now and then 3 = Readable but with difficulty 4 = Readable 5 =Perfectly readable

3580. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What is meant by the phrase "READABILITY 2"? A) B) C) D)

Readable but with difficulty. Readable. Unreadable. Readable now and then.

For explanation refer to question #3536 on this page.

20871. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR On the readability scale what does "READABILITY 1" mean? A) Readable but with difficulty. B) Unreadable. C) Readable. D) Perfectly readable.

20873. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR The expression "TRANSMITTING BLIND DUE TO RECEIVER FAILURE" implies that no answer is expected. It shall be used by: A) an aircraft station being aware of receiver failure. B) an aircraft station doing blind transmissions at a "non-towered" airfield. C) a radar controller performing a PAR or SRE final approach. D) a ground station broadcasting information to all listening stations. ICAD Annex 10, Volume 1/- 5.2.2.Z 1.3 Receiver failure 5.2.2.Z1.3.7 When an aircraft station is unable to establish communication due to receiver failure, it shall transmit reports at the scheduled times, or positions, on the frequency in use, preceded by the phrase 'TRANSMITTING BLIND DUE TO RECEIVER FAILURE". The aircraft station shall transmit the intended message, following this by a complete repetition. During this procedure, the aircraft shall also advise the time ofits next intended transmission.

5.2.2.Z 1.3.2 An aircraft which is provided with air traffic control or advisory service shall, in addition to complying with 5.2.2.Z1.3.7, transmit information regarding the intention of the pilot-in-command with respect to the continuation of the flight of the aircraft. 5.2.2.Z 7.3.3 When an aircraft is unable to establish communication due to airborne equipment failure it shall, when so equipped, select the appropriate SSR code to indicate radio failure.

24610. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR After suffering a radio receiver failure the pilots should make blind transmissions preceded by the phrase "TRANSMITTING BLIND DUE TO RECEIVER FAILURE" and subsequently: A) hold for 5 minutes. B) proceed to the pre-planned alternate. C) enter the next enroute holding pattern encountered. D) advise the time of the next intended transmission. For explanation refer to question #20873 on this page.

24703. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR A transmission given readability scale of 3 is defined as: A) B) C) D)

readable. readable now and then. perfectly readable. readable but with difficulty.

For explanation refer to question #3536 on this page.

24707. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR Test transmissions should include the word(s): A) TEST B) RADIO CHECK C) TEST TRANSMISSION D) TESTING, TESTING ICAD Annex 10, Volume I/, 5.2.7.8 Test procedures 5.2.7.8.7 The form of test transmissions should be as follows: a) the identification of the station being called; b) the aircraft identification; c) the words "RADID CHECK"; d) the frequency being used.

For explanation refer to question #3536 on this page.

1 3159 (A)

1 3437 (D) 1 3536 (8) 1 3580 (0) 120871 (8) 120873 (A) 124610 (0) 124703 (0) 1 24707 (8) 1

Aviationexam Test Prep Edition 2012 29167. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR When transmitting a message preceded by the phrase "TRANSMITTING BLIND DUE TO RECEIVER FAILURE" during an enroute flight, the aircraft station shall also:

A) B) C) D)

on the regional guard frequency. on the frequency presently in use. on the international emergency frequency. on all available aeronautical stations.

For explanation refer to question #20873 on page 43.

A) land at the nearest airfield/airport. B) join base leg when approaching the airfield for landing. C) advise the time of its next intended transmission. D) return to the airport of departure.

29169. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR In the event that a pilot is required to make a blind transmission, this should be made:

For explanation refer to question #20873 on page 43.

A) only once on the designated frequency. 29168. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR A message preceded by the phrase "TRANSMITTING BLIND DUE RECEIVER FAILURE" shall be transmitted:

B) twice on the designated frequency.

C) on the emergency frequency only. D) during VFR flights only. For explanation refer to question #3759 on page 43.

02-10 Read Back and Acknowledgement Requirements 2617. Airplane ATPL IR Heli Must a general call be acknowledged?

ATPL

IR

A) Yes, but only from the station first called. B) No. C) Yes, from all stations in the sequence they have been addressed. D) Yes, from all stations in a random sequence. For explanation refer to question #2670 on page 37.

3409. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What is the correct way for the pilot to acknowledge that ATIS Information Golf has been received? A) Information Golf. B) Weather Golf received. C) We have the Information. D) We have the ATIS Golf.

For explanation refer to question #3476 on page 42.

3480. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR ATC clears Fastair 345 to descend from FL100 to FL80. What is the correct read back by the pilot? A) Descending to 80, Fastair 345. B) Leaving flight level 100 descending to flight level 80, Fastair 345. C) Down to flight level 80, Fastair 345. D) Leaving 100 to 80, Fastair 345. For explanation refer to question #3476 on page 42.

ICAO Doc 4444 - Chapter 72: 72.3.4.73 [. ..] when ATiS information is available: e) (aircraft type) (position) (level) INFORMATION (ATIS identification) - for example: INFORMATION GOLF.

3440. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR Which of the following messages sent by ATC to an aircraft in flight must be read back? 1) Descend to (altitude) 3.000 feet. 2) Wind 240°, 15 knots, gusts 30 knots. 3) Turn right heading 210. 4) Reduce speed to 160 knots. 5) Squawk 1723. 6) Braking action poor. A) B) C) D)

B) QNH, weather information, runway-in-use. C) ATC clearance, speed instructions, runway state information. D) SSR code, QNH, takeoff clearance, speed instructions.

3482. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What shall the pilot read back for ATC instruction "CLIMB TO 2.500 FEET"? A) Climbing to two point five. B) Up to two thousand five hundred. C) Climbing to two thousand five hundred feet. D) Climbing to two thousand five hundred. (Refer to figure 090-E03) ICAO Annex 70, Volume 1/- 5.2.7.4 Transmission of numbers

24628. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR Which of the following instructions and information are required to be read back? 1) Descend to altitude 2.000 ft. 2) Wind 060/20 gusting 30 knots. 3) Heading instructions. 4) Speed control instructions. 5) Squawk2310. 6) Runway braking action.

1,2,3,5 1,2,3,4,5,6 1,3,4,5 1,3,4,5,6

For explanation refer to question #3476 on page 42.

3476. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR Which elements of instructions or information shall always be read back?

A) B) C) D)

1,2,3 1,3,4,5 1,3,4,5,6 All

For explanation refer to question #3476 on page 42.

A) QNH, SSR code, approach aid serviceability.

I 29167 (C) I 29168 (8) I 29169 (8) I

---------

2617 (8)

I

3409 (A)

I

3440 (C)

I

3476 (0)

I

3480 (8)

I

3482 (C)

I 24628 (8) I

02 General Operating Procedures

24630. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What is the correct reply to the instruction "CLIMB TO FL280"? A) B) C) D)

Recleared Level Two Eight Zero. Climb Two Eight Zero. Climb to Two Hundred and Eighty. Climb to Flight Level Two Eight Zero.

(Refer to figure 090-£03) ICAO Annex 70, Volume 11- 5.2. 7.4 Transmission of numbers

24631. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What is the correct reply to an ATC instruction which you can't comply with? A) B) C) D)

Negative comply. Negative instruction. Negative compliance. Unable to comply.

(Refer to figures 090-£04 and 090-£05) ICAO Annex 70, Volume II, Chapter 5.2.7.5

24642. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR When receiving radar vectors an aircraft XV-ABC is told "TURN RIGHT HEADING 360", the correct reply is? A) There is no need to respond as you have been identified as XV-ABC B) Heading north, X-BC C) Heading three hundred and sixty, X-BC D) Heading three six zero, X-BC (Refer to figure 090-£03) ICAO Annex 77 - 3.7.3 Read-back of clearances and safety-related information 3.7.3.7The flight crew shall read back to the air traffic controller safety-related parts of ATC clearances and instructions which are transmitted by voice. The following items shall always be read back: a) ATC route clearances; b) clearances and instructions to enter, land on, take off on, hold short of,

cross and backtrack on any runway; and c) runway-in-use, altimeter settings, SSR codes, level instructions, heading

and speed instructions and, whether issued by the controller or contained in ATiS broadcasts, transition levels. 3.7.3.7.7 Other clearances or instructions, including conditional clearances, shall be read back or acknowledged in a manner to clearly indicate that they have been understood and will be complied with. 3.7.3.7.2 The controller shall listen to the read back to ascertain that the clearance or instruction has been correctly acknowledged by the flight crew and shall take immediate action to correct any discrepancies revealed by the read back. f. ..J

24705. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR Clearances relating to the runway in use shall be read back only if the aircraft is to: A) B) C) D)

enter, land on, take off from, cross and backtrack. enter, cross and backtrack. land on and take off from. enter, land on, take off from and backtrack.

ICAO Annex 77 - 3.7.3 Read-back of clearances and safety-related information 3.7.3.7 The flight crew shall read back to the air traffic controller safety-related parts of ATC clearances and instructions which are transmitted by voice. The following items shall always be read back: a) ATC route cleara.nces; b) clearances and instructions to enter, land on, take off on, hold short of, cross and backtrack on any runway; and c) runway-in-use, altimeter settings, SSR codes, level instructions, heading and speed instructions and, whether issued by the controller or contained in ATiS broadcasts, transition levels. 3.7.3.7.7 Other clearances or instructions, including conditional clearances, shall be read back or acknowledged in a manner to clearly indicate that they have been understood and will be complied with. 3.7.3.7.2 The controller shall listen to the read back to ascertain that the clearance or instruction has been correctly acknowledged by the flight crew and shall take immediate action to correct any discrepancies revealed by the read back. f. ..J

02-11 Radar Procedural Phraseology 24620. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR An air traffic radar service in which the controller will inform the pilot of the bearing, distance and, if known, the level of conflicting traffic, but in which no avoiding action is given is known as a: A) B) C) D)

RAS RIS FIS RS

RIS (Radar Information Service) is an air traffic radar service (an adjunct to a Flight Information Service) in which the controller will inform the pilot of the bearing, distance, and, if known, the level of the conflicting traffic. No avoiding action will be offered. The pilot is wholly responsible for maintaining separation from other aircraft whether or not the controller has passed traffic information. RIS is available for both VFR and IFR traffic. RAS (Radar Advisory Service) is an air traffic radar service in which the controller will provide advice necessary to maintain prescribed separation between aircraft participating in the advisory service, and in which he will pass to the pilot the bearing, distance, and, if known, level of conflicting non-participating traffic, together with advice on action necessary to resolve the conflict. Where time does not permit this procedure to be adopted, the controller will pass advice on avoiding action followed by information on the conflicting traffic. RAS is only available for IFR traffic (irrespective of meteorological conditions) as controllers will expect the pilot to accept vectors or level allocations which may require flight in IMC.

I 24630 (0) I 24631

(0)

24690. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR The correct phraseology to instruct an aircraft to cease the MODE C SSR reply because of incorrect indications is: A) B) C) D)

SQUAWK STANDBY STOP SQUAWK CHARLIE STRANGLE THE PARROT SELECT MODE ALPHA

ICAO Doc 4444 - Chapter 12: f. ..J 12.4.3.12 To request termination of pressure altitude transmission because of faulty operation: STOP SQUAWK CHARLI£ WRONG INDICATION.

24692. Airplane ATPL IR Heli Which of the following statements is true?

ATPL

IR

A) An IFR flight may be commenced if the SSR transponder is unserviceable. B) If the SSR transponder becomes unserviceable during an IFR flight it must be continued under VFR. C) If the SSR transponder becomes unserviceable during an IFR flight ATC must be informed as soon as possible. D) If the SSR transponder becomes unserviceable during an IFR flight it must be continued under VMC ICAO Doc 4444 8.8.3.3.1 When an aircraft experiencing transponder failure after departure is operating or expected to operate in an area where the carriage

I 24642 (0) I 24705 (A) I 24620 (8) I 24690 (8) I 24692 (C) I

Aviationexam Test Prep Edition 2012 of a functioning transponder with specified capabilities is mandatory, the ATC units concerned should endeavour to provide for continuation of the flight to the aerodrome of first intended landing in accordance with the flight plan. However, in certain traffic situations, either in terminal areas or enroute, continuation of the flight may not be possible, particularly when failure is detected shortly after takeoff. The aircraft may then be required to return to the departure aerodrome or to land at the nearest suitable aerodrome acceptable to the operator concerned and to ATC. 8.8.3.3.2 In case of a transponder failure which is detected before departure from an aerodrome where it is not practicable to effect a repair, the aircraft concerned should be permitted to proceed, as directly as possible, to the nearest suitable aerodrome where repair can be made. When granting clearance to such aircraft, ATC should take into consideration the existing or anticipated traffic situation and may have to modify the time of departure, flight level or route ofthe intended flight. Subsequent adjustments may become necessary during the course of the flight.

29170. Airplane ATPL IR What does "SQUAWK IDENT" mean?

Heli

ATPL

IR

A) Select the SSR transponder code to 7000. B) Select the SSR transponder mode to "ALT". C) Operate the SSR transponder "special position identification" feature. D) State the aircraft call sign three times. ICAD Doc 4444 - Chapter 12: 12.4.3.6 To request the operation of the IDENT feature: SQUAWK IDENT

29171. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR With the SSR transponder selected ON and "ALT" (Mode C) selected, an ATSU requests: "G-ABCD, Verify your level," this is to: A) B) C) D)

identify the aircraft position. check your altimeter setting. calibrate the radar equipment. verify the accuracy of the Mode C level information displayed to the controller.

ICAD Doc 4444 - Chapter 8: 8.5.4.1.3 If the displayed level information is not within the approved tolerance value or when a discrepancy in excess of the approved tolerance value is detected subsequent to verification, the pilot shall be advised accordingly and requested to check the pressure setting and confirm the aircraft's level.

29172. Airplane ATPL IR Heli A Radar Information Service (RIS) provides:

ATPL

IR

A) radar separation from all other traffic. B) information for IFR traffic only. C) the bearing, distance and if known, the altitude of conflicting traffic. D) traffic information and avoiding action.

29174. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR RADAR instructs aircraft X-BC: "X-BC RESET SQUAWK 1015". What does this mean? A) B) C) D)

X-BC has been identified at 10:15 (UTC). X-BC is requested to set new code 1015. X-BC has been identified by SSR code 1015. X-BC is requested to reselect SSR code 1015.

ICAD Doc 4444 - Chapter 12: 12.4.3.3 To request the pilot to reselect the assigned mode and code: ATC: RESET SQUAWK [(mode)] (code); Pilot: RESETTING (mode) (code).

29175. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR RADAR informs aircraft X-BC: "X-BC IDENTIFIED". What does this mean? A) B) C) D)

Radar identification has been achieved. X-BC is not visible on the radar screen. X-BC should perform an identification turn. X-BC should operate the IDENT-button.

ICAD Doc 4444 - Chapter 12: 12.4.1.1 Identification of aircraft: ATC: IDENTIFIED [position}; (confirmation to the pilot that the ATC has achieved a positive radar identification of the aircraft)

29176. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR RADAR instructs aircraft X-BC: "X-BC SQUAWK STANDBY". What does this mean? A) B) C) D)

X-BC is requested to standby on the frequency. X-BC is requested to switch to standby position. X-BC is requested to standby for radar vectors. X-BC is requested to standby as the radar controller is busy.

ICADDoc4444-Chapter 12: 12.4.3.7 To request temporary suspension of transponder operation: SQUAWK STANDBY

29177. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR RADAR instructs aircraft X-BC: "X-BC SQUAWK IDENT". What does this mean? A) X-BC shall reselect his assigned mode and code. B) Radar identification has been achieved by correlating an observed radar blip with aircraft XY-ABC. C) X-BC should perform an identification turn of at least 020 degrees. D) X-BC shall operate the IDENT button. For explanation refer to question #29170 on this page.

For explanation refer to question #24620 on page 45.

29173. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL What does the phrase "SQUAWK 1234" mean? A) B) C) D)

IR

Give a short count for DF (direction finder). Select code 1234 on the SSR transponder. Make a test transmission on 123,4 MHz. Standby on frequency 123,4 MHz

ICADDoc4444-Chapter 12: 12.4.3.2 To instruct setting of transponder: ATC: FOR DEPARTURE SQUAWK (code); Pilot: SQUAWK (code).

I 29170 (C) I 29171

(0)

I 29172 (C) I 29173 (8) I 29174 (0) I 29175 (A) I 29176 (8) I 29177 (0) I

02 General Operating Procedures

02-12 Level Changes and Reports 24618. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR All messages relating to an aircraft's climb or descent to a HEIGHT or ALTITUDE should: A) employ the word "TO" followed immediately by the word HEIGHT or ALTITUDE. B) avoid using the word "TO" altogether. C) employ the word "TO" followed immediately by the QFE orQNH. D) be preceded by the required altimeter subscale setting. ICAD Doc 4444 - Chapter 12: 12.3.1.2 Level changes, Reports and Rates ATC: CLIMB (or DESCEND); followed as necessary by: i) TD(level); ii) TO AND MAINTAIN BLOCK (level) TO (level);

I 24618 (A) I

Aviationexam Test Prep Edition 2012

EI

03 Action Required to be Taken in Case of Communication Failure

ACTION REQUIRED TO BE TAKEN IN CASE OF COMMUNICATION FAILURE 3140. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR An aircraft encountering radio communication failure on an IFR flight in IMC has to commence descent over the designated navigation aid serving the destination aerodrome (no EAT received): A) after 3 minutes, if an expected approach time is not acknowledged. B) 5 minutes after the last expected approach time acknowledged. C) immediately after reaching in any case. D) at, or as close to, the ETA resulting from the current flight plan. ICAD Doc 4444 - 15.2 Air-Ground Communications Failure f. ..J 15.2.3 If the aircraft fails to indicate that it is able to receive and acknowledge transmissions, separation shall be maintained between the aircraft having the communication failure and other aircraft, based on the assumption that the aircraft will: A) if in VISUAL meteorological conditions: 1) continue to fly in visual meteorological conditions; 2) land at the nearest suitable aerodrome; and 3) report its arrival by the most expeditious means to the appropriate air traffic control unit; or B) ifin INSTRUMENT meteorological conditions or when conditions are such that it does not appear feasible to complete the flight in accordance with

A): 1) unless otherwise prescribed on the basis of a regional air navigation agreement, maintain the last assigned speed and level, or minimum flight altitude if higher, for a period of 20 minutes following the aircraft's failure to report its position over a compulsory reporting point and thereafter adjust level and speed in accordance with the filed flight plan; 2) proceed according to the current flight plan route to the appropriate designated navigation aid serving the destination aerodrome and, when required to ensure compliance with 3) below, hold over this aid until commencement of descent; 3) commence descent from the navigation aid specified in 2) at, or as close as possible to, the expected approach time last received and acknowledged; or, if no expected approach time has been received and acknowledged, at, or as close as possible to, the estimated time of arrival resulting from the current flight plan; 4) complete a normal instrument approach procedure as specified for the designated navigation aid; and 5) land, if possible, within 30 minutes after the estimated time of arrival specified in b) or the last acknowledged expected approach time, whichever is later.

3141. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR In case the transponder fails before the departure for an IFR flight, the pilot shall: A) inform FIS for relay to AIS. B) obtain prior permission by ATC to conduct the flight. C) insert under item 18 of the flight plan TRANSPONDER UNSERVICABLE and inform ATC after departure. D) cancel flight. For explanation refer to question #24692 on page 45.

I

3140 (D)

I

3141 (8)

I

3142 (0)

I

3144 (8)

I

3146 (8)

I

3142. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR An aircraft encountering radio communication failure on an IFR flight in IMC has to hold over the designated navigation aid serving the destination aerodrome: A) 3 minutes, if an expected approach time is not acknowledged. B) under no circumstances. C) 5 minutes in any case. D) until the expected approach time last received and acknowledged. For explanation refer to question #3140 on this page.

3144. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR In case of a SSR transponder failure occurring after departure of an IFR flight, the pilot shall: A) B) C) D)

land at the nearest suitable aerodrome for repair. inform the competent ATC unit immediately. squawk 7600. continue the flight in VMC.

For explanation refer to question #24692 on page 45.

3146. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR A departing aircraft experiencing radio communication failure on an IFR flight under radar vectors has to: A) squawk 7600 and maintain the heading last assigned by ATC for a period of 3 minutes and then return to the flight path in accordance with the current flight plan. B) squawk 7600 and thereafter return to the route indicated in the current flight plan in the most direct manner. C) squawk 7600, maintain present heading for 1 minute and thereafter return to the route indicated in the current flight plan on the shortest way. D) squawk 7600 and thereafter, regardless of any limitation instructed by ATC, return to the route indicated in the current flight plan on the shortest way. ICAD Doc 7030 (European Supplementary Procedures): 5.1 As soon as it is known that two-way communication has failed, ATC shall maintain separation between the aircraft having the communications failure and other aircraft based on the assumption that the aircraft will operate in accordance with 5.2 or 5.3. 5.2 Visual meteorological conditions (VMC) 5.2.1 Except as provided for in 5.3.1, a controlled flight experiencing communication failure in VMC shall: a) set transponder to Code 7600; b) continue to fly in VMC; c) land at the nearest suitable aerodrome; and d) report its arrival time by the most expeditious means to the appropriate ATSunit.

5.3 Instrument meteorological conditions (fMC) 5.3.1 A controlled IFR flight experiencing communication failure in IMC, or where it does not appear feasible to continue in accordance with 5.2 shall: a) set transponder to Code 7600; b) maintain for a period of 7 minutes the last aSSigned speed and level or the minimum flight altitude, if the minimum flight altitude is higher than the last assigned level. The period of 7 minutes commences: 1) if operating on a route without compulsory reporting points

Aviationexam Test Prep Edition 2012 or if instructions have been received to omit position reports: i) at the time the last assigned level or minimum flight altitude is reached, or ii) at the time the transponder is set to Code 7600, whichever is later; or 2) if operating on a route with compulsory reporting points and no instruction to omit position reports has been received: i) at the time the last assigned level or minimum flight altitude is reached, or ii) at the previously reported pilot estimate for the compulsory reporting point, or iii) at the time of a failed report ofposition over a compulsory reporting point, whichever is later; Note: The period of 7 minutes is to allow the necessary air traffic control and coordination measures. c) thereafter, adjust level and speed in accordance with the filed flight plan; Note: With regard to changes to levels and speed, the filed flight plan, which is the flight plan as filed with an ATS unit by the pilot or a designated representative without any subsequent changes, will be used. d) if being radar vectored or proceeding offset according to RNAV without a specified limit, proceed in the most direct manner possible to rejoin the current flight plan route no later than the next significant point, taking into consideration the applicable minimum flight altitude; Note: With regard to the route to be flown or the time to begin descent to the arrival aerodrome, the current flight plan, which is the flight plan, including changes, if any, brought about by subsequent clearances, will be used. e) proceed according to the current flight plan route to the appropriate designated navigation aid serving the destination aerodrome and, when required to ensure compliance with 5.3.1 f), hold over this aid until commencement of descent; f) commence descent from the navigation aid speCified in 5.3.1 e) at, or as close as possible to, the expected approach time last received and acknowledged or, if no expected approach time has been received and acknowledged, at, or as close as possible to, the estimated time of arrival reSUlting from the current flight plan; g) complete a normal instrument approach procedure as specified for the designated navigation aid; and h) land, if possible, within thirty minutes after the estimated time of arrival specified in 5.3.1 f) or the last acknowledged expected approach time, whichever is later.

Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR An aircraft encountering radio communication failure on an IFR flight in IMC has to land, if possible, within: 3150.

A) B) C) D)

30 minutes after ETA or the last EAT, whichever is later. 30 minutes after noticing the radio failure. 30 minutes after waiting for the EAT. 15 minutes after vacating the transition layer.

A) B) C) D)

land at the destination aerodrome. return to the aerodrome of departure. land at the alternate aerodrome. land at the nearest suitable aerodrome.

For explanation refer to question #3140 on page 49.

3155. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR An aircraft experiencing radio communication failure on an IFR flight in IMC is assumed to:

A) proceed in accordance with the current flight plan to the designated navigation aid serving the destination aerodrome. B) proceed to an area from where the flight can be continued according to the visual flight rules. C) divert to the most suitable aerodrome according to the route of flight. D) execute a VMC approach at the nearest suitable aerodrome. For explanation refer to question #3140 on page 49.

3158. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR An aircraft encountering radio communication failure on an IFR flight in VMC is assumed to:

A) continue to fly in VMC, land at the nearest suitable aerodrome, report its arrival. B) leave controlled airspace and continue the flight within uncontrolled airspace. C) squawk IDENT and proceed to the alternate aerodrome. D) continue the flight to destination aerodrome in any case. For explanation refer to question #3140 on page 49.

24632. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What is the action required to be taken on an IFR flight after a transponder failure?

A) B) C) D)

Inform ATC immediately and continue VFR. Land immediately. Inform ATC immediately. Continue flight in VMC.

For explanation refer to question #24692 on page 45.

24633. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What is the correct action of a flight on an IFR flight plan in IMC conditions if it experiences total communication failure?

For explanation refer to question #3140 on page 49.

Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR Within the European Region, an aircraft experiencing radio communication failure on an IFR departure has to squawk 7600 and: 3151.

A) climb immediately to the cruising level indicated in the flight plan. B) maintain the level last assigned by the ATC for a period of 7 minutes and then climb in accordance with the flight plan. C) land at the departure aerodrome in any case. D) maintain the altitude last assigned by ATC for a period of 20 minutes and then continue in accordance with the flight plan. For explanation refer to question #3146 on page 49.

Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR An aircraft on an IFR flight in VMC experiences radio communication failure. The aircraft is assumed to: 3153.

A) Continue as filed to beacon over the destination airfield, squawk 7600. B) Continue in VMC. C) Continue as filed to beacon over the destination airfield, maintain assigned squawk. D) Leave controlled airspace. For explanation refer to question #3140 on page 49.

24682. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR On an IFR flight two-way communication is lost as the aircraft is holding above the final destination. The expected approach time (EAT) was passed as 1420 UTC before communication was lost. The aircraft should squawk 7600 and make an approach to land at:

A) B) C) D)

the EAT, plus or minus 10 minutes. not before the EAT and no later than 10 minutes after EAT. not before the EAT and no later than 20 minutes after EAT. not before the EAT and no later than 30 minutes after EAT.

For explanation refer to question #3140 on page 49.

1 3150 (A)

1 3151 (8)

1 3153 (0) 1 3155 (A)

1 3158 (A)

124632 (C) 124633 (A) 124682 (0) 1

03 Action Required to be Taken in Case of Communication Failure

24708. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR If an aircraft experiences a radio failure, the transponder should be set to: A) B) C) D)

7700 2000 7600 7500

ICAD Doc 4444 - Chapter 15: 15.2 [. ..JNote 2: An aircraft equipped with an SSR transponder is expected to operate the transponder on Mode A Code 7600 to indicate that it has experienced air-ground communication failure.

124708 (C)

I

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Aviationexam Test Prep Edition 2012

04 Distress and Urgency Procedures

DISTRESS AND URGENCY PROCEDURES 04-01 PAN Medical 2998. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR A message concerning a protected medical transport operated by aircraft assigned exclusively to medical transportation shall be preceded by the signal: A) B) C) D)

MEDICAL TRANSPORT PAN PAN MEDICAL PROTECTED TRANSPORT PAN PAN TRANSPORT

ICAO Annex 10, Volume /I 5.3.3.4.2 For the purpose ofannouncing and identifying aircraft used for medical transports, a transmission of the radiotelephony urgency signal PAN PAN, preferably spoken three times, and each word of the group pronounced as the French word ''panne': shall be followed by the radiotelephony signal for medical transports MAY-Off-CAL, pronounced as in the French Umédical u• The use of the signals described above indicates that the message which follows concerns a protected medical transport. The message shall convey the following data: a) the call sign or other recognized means of identification of the medical transports; b) position of the medical transports; c) number and type of medical transports; d) intended route; e) estimated time en route and of departure and arrival, as appropriate; and f) any other information such as flight altitude, radio frequencies guarded, languages used, and secondary surveillance radar modes and codes.

3004. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What do the spoken words lipAN PAN MEDICAL" mean? A) The phrase/signal is inadmissible in radiotelephony. B) The aircraft has a sick passenger on board and requests priorityto land. C) The aircraft has an urgent need of medical care upon landing at destination airport. D) The message which follows concerns a protected medical transport operated by aircraft assigned exclusively to medical transportation. For explanation refer to question #2998 on this page.

24637. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What is the initial message for an aircraft in a protected medical transportation flight? A) B) C) D)

PAN PAN MEDICAL MEDICAL TRANSPORT TRANSPORTATION MEDICAL MEDICAL PAN PAN

For explanation refer to question #2998 on this page.

04-02 Distress (Definition - Frequencies - Watch of Distress Frequencies Distress Signal - Distress Message) 3000. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR The distress communication and silence conditions shall be terminated by transmitting a message. Which words shall this message include? A) B) C) D)

Disregard distress communication, OUT. Emergency communication finished. MAYDAY traffic ended. Distress traffic ended.

ICAO Annex 70, Volume /I 5.3.2.3 Imposition ofsilence 5.3.2.3.7 The station in distress, or the station in control of distress traffic, shall be permitted to impose silence, either on all stations of the mobile service in the area or on any station which interferes with the distress traffic. It shall address these instructions Uto all stations': or to one station only, according

to circumstances. In either case, it shall use: - STOP TRANSMITTING; - the radiotelephony distress signal MAYDAY. 5.3.2.4 Action by all other stations 5.3.2.4.7 The distress communications have absolute priority over all other communications, and a station aware of them shall not transmit on the frequency concerned, unless: a) the distress is cancelled or the distress traffic is terminated; b) all distress traffic has been transferred to other frequencies; c) the station controlling communications gives permission; d) it has itself to render assistance. 5.3.2.4.2 Any station which has knowledge ofdistress traffic, and which cannot itself assist the station in distress, shall nevertheless continue listening to such traffic until it is evident that assistance is being provided. 5.3.2.5 Termination of distress communications and ofsilence 5.3.2.5.7 When an aircraft is no longer in distress, it shalf transmit a message

I 2998 (8) I 3004 (D) I 24637 (A) I 3000 (D) I

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Aviationexam Test Prep Edition 2012 cancelling the distress condition. 5.3.2.5.2 When the station which has controlled the distress communication traffic becomes aware that the distress condition is ended, it shall take immediate action to ensure that this information is made available, as soon as possible, to: 1) the ATS unit concerned; 2) the aircraft operating agency concerned, or its representative, in accordance with pre-established arrangements. 5.3.2.5.3 The distress communication and silence conditions shall be terminated by transmitting a message, including the words "DISTRESS TRAFFIC ENDED'~ on the frequency or frequencies being used for the distress traffic. This message shall be originated only by the station controlling the communications when, after the reception of the message prescribed in 5.3.2.5.7, it is authorized to do so by the appropriate authority.

3002. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR When an aircraft is no longer in distress, it shall transmit a message cancelling the distress condition. Which words shall this message include? A) B) C) D)

MAYDAY, resuming normal operations. Cancel distress. MAYDAY cancelled. Distress condition terminated.

A) B) C) D)

to discontinue communication with Stephenville RADAR. to impose silence to other stations in its vicinity. to acknowledge receipt of this message. to resume normal communication with Stephenville RADAR.

For explanation refer to question #3000 on page 53.

3009. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR The distress signal and the distress message to be sent by an aircraft in distress should be on: the FIS frequency designated for the airspace concerned. the emergency frequency in any case. the regional guard frequency. the air-ground frequency in use at the time.

For explanation refer to question #3007 on this page.

3003. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR Radio silence can be imposed by an aeronautical station in case of: technical difficulties. urgency communication. overload of the frequency. distress traffic.

3010. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR When an aircraft station receives the call"ALL STATIONS STEPHENVILLE RADAR, STOP TRANSMITTING MAYDAY" it is requested: A) B) C) D)

For explanation refer to question #3000 on page 53.

3005. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR Which of the following messages shall a station in control of distress use to impose silence? A) B) C) D)

3008. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR When an aircraft station receives the call"ALL STATIONS STEPHENVILLE RADAR, DISTRESS TRAFFIC ENDED" it is requested:

A) B) C) D)

For explanation refer to question #3000 on page 53.

A) B) C) D)

measures: a) the distress message of an aircraft in distress being made on the emergency frequency 721.5 MHz or another aeronautical mobile frequency, if considered necessary or desirable. Not all aeronautical stations maintain a continuous guard on the emergency frequency;

STOP TRANSMITTING, EMERGENCY. STOP TRANSMITTING, DISTRESS. STOP TRANSMITTING, MAYDAY. ALL STATIONS IN THIS FREQUENCY, MAYDAY TRAFFIC.

For explanation refer to question #3000 on page 53.

3007. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR A signal sent by radiotelephony consisting of the spoken word MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY means: A) the aircraft is forced to perform a fuel dumping procedure. B) the aircraft has a very urgent message to transmit concerning the safety of a ship, aircraft or vehicle. C) the aircraft has a message to transmit concerning adverse weather conditions along its route of flight. D) imminent danger threatens the aircraft and immediate assistance is required.

to continue normal communication on the frequency in use. not to interfere with the distress communication. to assist Stephenville RADAR in handling the distress traffic. to leave the frequency in use.

For explanation refer to question #3000 on page 53.

24622. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR In a distress situation it may be necessary to impose silence either on all stations or on a particular station. This action of imposing silence may be performed: A) only by the ground station controlling the frequency. B) by either the aircraft in distress or the station in control of the distress incident. C) by any station who considers it necessary to impose silence. D) only by the distress and diversion cell at the Rescue Control Centre (RCC). For explanation refer to question #3000 on page 53.

ICAD Annex 10, Volume II 5.3.2.1 Action by the aircraft in distress 5.3.2.1.1 In addition to being preceded by the radiotelephony distress signal MAYDAY (see 5.3.1.2), preferably spoken three times, the distress message to be sent by an aircraft in distress shall: a) be on the air-ground frequency in use at the time; b) consist of as many as possible of the following elements spoken distinctly and, if possible, in the following order: 1) name of the station addressed (time and circumstances permitting); 2) the identification of the aircraft; 3) the nature of the distress condition; 4) intention of the person in command; 5) present position, level (i.e. flight level, altitude, etc., as appropriate) and heading. Note: The foregoing provisions may be supplemented by the following

I

3002 (8)

I

3003 (0)

I

3005 (e)

I

3007 (0)

I

3008 (0)

I

3009 (0)

I

3010 (8)

I 24622 (8) I

04 Distress and Urgency Procedures

04-03 Urgency (Definition - Frequencies - Urgency Signal - Urgency Message) 2997.

Airplane

ATPL

Heli

IR

ATPL

IR

The urgency message to be sent by an aircraft reporting an urgency condition shall contain at· least the following elements/details: A) name of the station addressed, present position, assistance required. B) aircraft call sign, destination airport, ETA at destination, route of flight. C) aircraft call sign, nature of the urgency condition, pilots intention, present position, level and heading. D) aircraft identification, aerodrome of departure, level and heading. ICAD Annex 70, Volume II 5.3.3.1 Action by the aircraft reporting an urgency condition except as indicated in 5.3.3.4 (medical transport) 5.3.3.1.1 In addition to being preceded by the radiotelephony urgency signal PAN PAN (see 5.3.1.2), preferably spoken three times and each word of the group pronounced as the French word "panne'~ the urgency message to be sent by an aircraft reporting an urgency condition shall: a) be on the air-ground frequency in use at the time; b) consist of as many as required of the following elements spoken distinctly and, ifpossible, in the following order: 1) the name of the station addressed; 2) the identification of the aircraft; 3) the nature of the urgency condition; 4) the intention of the person in command; 5) present position, level (i.e. flight level, altitude, etc., as appropriate) and heading; 6) any other usefulinformation. Note: The station addressed will normally be that station communicating with the aircraft or in whose area of responsibility the aircraft is operating.

2999.

Airplane

ATPL

Heli

IR

ATPL

IR

Which of the following statements is correct? A) The urgency communications have priority over all the other communications. B) The urgency communications have priority over all the other communications, except distress. C) There is no difference regarding priority between distress communications and urgency communications. D) ATC clearances have the same priority as urgency communications. For explanation refer to question #20865 on page 32.

3001.

Airplane

ATPL

Heli

IR

ATPL

IR

On hearing an urgency message a pilot shall: A) impose radio silence on the frequency in use. B) acknowledge the message immediately. C) monitor the frequency to ensure assistance if required. D) change the frequency, because radio silence will be imposed on the frequency in use. ICAD Annex 70, Volume II 5.3.3.3 Action by all other stations 5.3.3.3.1 The urgency communications have priority over all other communications, except distress, and all stations shall take care not to interfere with the transmission of urgency traffic.

I

2997 (C)

I

2999 (8)

I

3001 (C)

I

3006 (0)

I

3006.

Airplane

ATPL

IR

Heli

ATPL

IR

A signal sent by radiotelephony consisting of the spoken words lipAN PAN, PAN PAN, PAN PAN" means: A) an aircraft on final approach is starting the missed approach procedure. B) imminent danger threatens the aircraft and immediate assistance is required. C) the aircraft is diverting from the route cleared because of a thunderstorm and asks for immediate reclearance. D) the aircraft has a very urgent message to transmit concerning the safety of a ship, aircraft or other vehicle, but immediate assistance is not required. ICAD Annex 70, Volume 11- Chapter 5: 5.3.1.1 Distress and urgency traffic shall comprise all radiotelephony messages relative to the distress and urgency conditions respectively. Distress and urgency conditions are defined as: a) DISTRESS: a condition of being threatened by serious and/or imminent danger and ofrequiring immediate assistance. b) URGENCY: a condition concerning the safety of an aircraft or other vehicle, or ofsome person· on board or within sight, but which does not require immediate assistance. ICAD Annex 70, Volume II 5.3.3.1 Action by the aircraft reporting an urgency condition except as indicated in 5.3.3.4 (medical transport) 5.3.3.1.1 In addition to being preceded by the radiotelephony urgency signal PAN PAN (see 5.3.1.2), preferably spoken three times and each word of the group pronounced as the French word "panne': the urgency message to be sent by an aircraft reporting an urgency condition shall: a) be on the air-ground frequency in use at the time; b) consist of as many as required of the following elements spoken distinctly and, if possible, in the following order: 1) the name of the station addressed; 2) the identification of the aircraft; 3) the nature of the urgency condition; 4) the intention of the person in command; 5) present position, level (i.e. flight level, altitude, etc., as appropriate) and heading; 6) any other usefulinformation. Note: The station addressed will normally be that station communicating with the aircraft or in whose area of responsibility the aircraft is operating.

Aviationexam Test Prep Edition 2012

05 Relevant Weather Information Terms (IFR)

RELEVANT WEATHER INFORMATION TERMS (IFR) 05-01 Aerodrome Weather 3127. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR When transmitting runway visual range (RVR) for runway 16 ATC will use the following phrase: A) RVR runway 16 touchdown ... metres, mid-point ... metres, stop end ... metres. B) The values of the transmissometer are: ... metres and ... metres. e) RVR at the beginning of runway 16 is ... metres. 0) RVR runway 16 ... metres diagonal ... metres diagonal ... metres. ICAD Doc 4444 - Chapter 12: 12.3.1.6 ... for mUltiple RVR observations ATC: RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE (or RVR) RUNWAY (number) (first position) (distance) (units), (second position) (distance) (units), (third position) (distance) (units) Note 1: Multiple RVR observations are always representative of the touchdown zone, midpoint zone and the roll-out/stop end zone, respectively. Note 2: Where reports for three locations are given, the indication of these locations may be omitted, provided that the reports are passed in the order of touchdown zone, followed by the midpoint zone and ending with the rollout/stop end zone report.

3135. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What does "FRICTION COEFFICIENT 20" in a runway report mean? A) Braking action medium. B) Braking action poor. e) Braking action good. 0) Braking action unreliable.

For explanation refer to question #3135 on this page.

3135 (8)

I

3136 (0)

3278. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR The phrase "BRAKING COEFFICIENT 20" from ATC means that the braking action is: A) medium. B) good. e) medium to poor. 0) poor. For explanation refer to question #3135 on this page.

24638. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR A braking coefficient of 0,45 indicates runway braking action: A) poor B) medium e) good 0) unmeasurable

A) 3 -4oktas B) 2 - 3 oktas e) 5 -7 oktas 0) 4-6oktas

A) Braking action not measurable. B) Braking action medium. e) Braking action poor. 0) Braking action good.

I

For explanation refer to question #3135 on this page.

24712. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR In a METAR, cloud reported as "BROKEN" means:

3136. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What does "FRICTION COEFFICIENT 45" in a runway report mean?

3127 (A)

A) Runway covered with dry snow. B) Runway covered with iee. e) Runway covered with wet snow and slush. 0) Runway conditions normal.

For explanation refer to question #3135 on this page.

ICAD Annex 15 - Appendix 2 (SNDWTAM format): Coefficient / Braking Action 0,40 and above = Good (brakes 5) 0,39 to 0,36 =Medium to good (brakes 4) 0,35 to 0,30 = Medium (brakes 3) 0,29 to 0,26 = Medium to poor (brakes 2) 0,25 and below =Poor (brakes 1) 9 =Unreliable

I

3137. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR Under what runway conditions is the braking action reported to be "UNRELIABLE"?

I

3137 (C)

I

3278 (0)

lCAD Doc 4444 - Chapter 11: 11.4.3.2.3.5 Amount and height of low cloud base, cloud amount using FEW (1-2 oktas), SCT (3-4 oktas), BkN (5-7 oktas) or DVC (8 oktas), type (only if cumulonimbus (CB) or towering cumulus (TCU)) and height of base in metres (feet) shall be given in that order. If the base of the lowest cloud is diffuse or ragged or fluctuating rapidly, the minimum height of the cloud or cloud fragments shall be given together with an appropriate description of the characteristics thereof. If there are no clouds and no restriction on vertical visibility, and the abbreviation CAVDK is not appropriate, SKC shall be used. If there are no clouds below 1500 m (5000 ft) or below the highest minimum sector altitude, whichever is greater, no cumulonimbus and no restriction on vertical visibility and the abbreviations "CAVDK" and "SKC" are not appropriate, the abbreviation "NSC' shall be used. When the sky is obscured, the vertical visibility shall be given, if available.

I 24638 (C) I 24712 (C) I

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Aviationexam Test Prep Edition 2012 24715. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR CAVOK may be used in place of visibility, weather and cloud, provided that visibility is _ or more; there is no cloud below _ or MSA whichever is the ___ and no significant weather phenomena.

A) B) C) D)

10 km; 5.000 ft AAL; lower 10 NM; 5.000 ft AAL; higher 10 NM; 5.000 ft AGL; lower 10 km; 5.000 ft AAL; higher

ICAODoc4444-Chapter 77: 77.4.3.2.3.9 When the visibility is 70 km or more, there is no cloud below 7500 m (5000 ft), or below the highest minimum sector altitude, whichever is greater, and no cumulonimbus, and there is no weather of significance as given in 77.4.3.2.3.4.7 and 77.4.3.2.3.4.2, information on visibility, runway visual range, present weather and cloud amount, type and height shall be replaced by the term "CAVOK':

05-02 Weather Broadcast 3337. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR An Automatic Terminal Information Service provides:

A) information concerning enroute weather phenomena which may effect the safety of aircraft operation. B) routine information to arriving and departing aircraft by means of continuous and repetitive broadcast. C) current meteorological and operational information essential for the safety of the air navigation within a FIR. D) weather reports relating a specific number of aerodromes located within a flight information region (FIR). ICAO Doc 4444 - Chapter 7: AT/S (Automatic terminal information service): the automatic provision of current, routine information to arriving and departing aircraft throughout 24 hours or a specified portion thereof: - Data link-automatic terminal information service (D-AT/S). The provision ofAT/S via data link. - Voice-automatic terminal information service (Voice-AT/S). The provision ofAT/S by means of continuous and repetitive voice broadcasts. ICAOAnnex 77 -Chapter 77: 4.3.4.2 A discrete VHF frequency shal/, whenever practicable, be used for VoiceAT/S broadcasts. If a discrete frequency is not available, the transmission may be made on the voice channel(s) of the most appropriate terminal navigation aides), preferably a VOR, provided the range and readability are adequate and the identification of the navigation aid is sequenced with the broadcast so that the latter is not obliterated. 4.3.4.3 Voice-AT/S broadcasts shall not be transmitted on the voice channel ofanlLS. 4.3.4.4 Whenever Voice-AT/S is provided, the broadcast shall be continuous and repetitive.

[. ••J 4.3.6.7 b) the information communicated shall be updated immediately after a significant change occurs; Note: Typically, new ATiS information is issued every 30 minutes, unless a significant change occurs at an earlier interval.

Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR Unless a significant change occurs the weather information contained in the ATIS is usually updated every: 24699.

A) B) C) D)

30 minutes 20 minutes 60 minutes 50 minutes

For explanation refer to question #3337 on this page.

24713. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR Meteorological information broadcast in VOLMET is the same as:

A) B) C) D)

VOLMET, or meteorological information for aircraft in flight, is the term applied to a worldwide network of radio stations that broadcast TAF, SIGMET and METAR reports on shortwave frequencies. Reports are sent using automated voice transmissions, in the upper sideband or J3E mode. As the name suggests, pilots on international air routes use these transmissions to determine what procedures to use for descent, approach, and landing, such as a visual approach or an instrument approach and the correct STAR. The VOLMET network divides the world into specific regions, and individual VOLMET stations in each region broadcast weather reports for specific groups ofair terminals in their region at specific times, coordinating their transmission schedules so as not to interfere with one another. Schedules are determined in intervals of five minutes, with one VOLMET station in each region broadcasting reports for a fixed list ofcities in each interval. These schedules repeat every hour. ICAO Annex 3 - Chapter 3: 77.6./ Continuous VOLMET broadcasts, normally on very high frequencies (VHF), shall contain current METAR and SPEC!, together with trend forecasts where available. 77.6.2 Scheduled VOLMET broadcasts, normally on high frequencies (HF), shall contain current METAR and SPEC!, together with trend forecasts where available and, where so determined by regional air navigation agreement, TAF andSIGMET.

Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR How can aviation routine weather reports (METAR) of specific airports be obtained by aircraft in flight? 29178.

A) B) C) D)

SIGMET ATIS AFIS VOLMET

For explanation refer to question #24773 on this page.

29179. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR Which information can aircraft in flight obtain by VOLMET?

A) B) C) D)

Runway reports. SPECI and TAF. SIGMET. Aviation routine weather reports (METAR) of specific airports.

For explanation refer to question #24773 on this page.

29180. Airplane ATPL IR Heli What is normally used for ATIS broadcasts?

A) B) C) D)

DME voice channel. Voice channel of an ILS. NDB frequencies. Discrete VHF frequency or/and VOR.

For explanation refer to question #3337 on this page.

TAFs. SPECI TAF sometimes with METARS. SIGMETs. METARs with TRENDS and sometimes TAFs.

I 24715 (0) I 3337 (8) I 24699 (A) I 24713 (0) I 29178 (0) I 29179 (0) I 29180 (0) I

ATPL

IR

06 General Principles of VHF Propagation and Frequency Allocation

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF VHF PROPAGATION AND FREQUENCY ALLOCATION 24694. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR The RTF band allocated to aviation VHF communications is: A) B) C) 0)

30 MHz to 300 MHz 108 MHzto 117,95 MHz 118 MHz to 136,95 MHz 108MHztolll,95MHz

The AIRBAND is the spectrum of frequencies used for radio communication in aviation. Airband is often used for referring to the VHF spectrum between 708 MHz and 137 MHz, which covers its use for commercial and general aviation, radio-navigational aids, air traffic control and other uses. In common use among aviation professionals, the range of frequencies is sometimes referred to as VHF or Victor. Military aircraft also operate using additional frequencies (225 - 400 MHz) which are not part of the airband. The lower part of the spectrum, from 708 to 117,975 MHz, is reserved for navigational aids such as VDR beacons and Automatic Terminal Information Service (AT/5), and precision approach systems such as IL5 or LAA5. Some types of aviation-related stations, such as NDBs and DMEs, do not operate on these frequencies; in the case of NDBs the longwave frequency spectrum is used. The rest of the airband (718 - 137 MHz) is allocated to voice communications using amplitude modulation. Channel spacing on the airband has been 25 kHz. However, increasing congestion has led to further subdivision into 8,33 kHz channels in the ICAD European region; all aircraft flying above 19500 feet are required to be capable of handling this reduced spacing. A switch to digital radios has been contemplated, as this would greatly increase capacity by reducing bandwidth. However, this has yet to happen, partly because the mobility of aircraft necessitates complete international cooperation. Legislation: ICAD Annex 10, Volume 11/- Part II

24701. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR HF Frequency bands used for aviation are between: A) B) C) 0)

2 850 to 22 000 kHz 2 850 to 25 000 MHz 258 to 2 500 MHz 2 580 to 22 000 kHz

ICAD Annex 10, Volume 11/- Part II: 2.4.1.1.1 HF SSB installations shall be capable of operation at any SSB carrier (reference) frequency available to the Aeronautical Mobile (R) Service in the band 2,8 MHz to 22 MHz and necessary to meet the approved assignment plan for the region(s) in which the system is intended to operate, and in compliance with the relevant provisions of the Radio Regulations.

24710. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What is the expected range of VHF air to ground communications if an aircraft is flying 35.000 feet above the transmitter height? A) B) C) 0)

187 NM 234 NM 150 NM 267 NM

The theoretical range of VHF communication (in NM) is: 1,23 xvheight over terrain (in ft).ln this question: 1,23 x v35000 = 1,23 x 187 = 230 NM

24716. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR The VHF aviation band channel spacing in upper airspace is: A) B) C) 0)

8,33 kHz 12,5 kHz 25,OkHz 7,98 kHz

For explanation refer to question #24694 on this page.

29182. Airplane ATPL IR Attenuation of radio waves means: A) B) C) 0)

Heli

ATPL

IR

the weakening of the radiated waves. the atmospheric bending of the waves. only the scattering of the waves by the tropopause. only the absorption of radio energy by the sea.

Attenuation is the reduction in amplitude and intensity of a signal. It is an important consideration in the modern world of wireless telecommunication. Attenuation limits the range of radio signals and is affected by the materials a signal must travel through (e.g. air, wood, concrete, rain). Attenuation normally includes propagation losses caused by the natural expansion of the radio wave front in free space (which usually takes the shape of an ever-increasing sphere), absorption losses (sometimes called penetration losses), when the signal passes through media not transparent to electromagnetic waves, diffraction losses when part of the radiowave front is obstructed by an opaque obstacle, and losses caused by other phenomena.

29183. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR The wavelength of a radio aid is 6,97 cm. The corresponding frequency and frequency band are: A) B) C) 0)

4304 MHz SHF 43 MHzVHF 4304 MHz UHF 43 GHzEHF

Frequency = speed of light -;- wavelength = 30 000 000 000 cmls -;- 6,97 cm = 4304160688Hz=4304MHz=4,3GHz. Super high frequency (or SHF) refers to radio frequencies (RF) in the range of3 GHz and 30 GHz.

29184. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What is the lowest frequency where freedom from static interference is likely? A) B) C) 0)

3MHz 30MHz 300MHz 3GHz

The vast amounts of energy contained within thunderstorm cells cause the storm clouds to emit high levels of electromagnetic energy. These emissions are particularly troublesome in the VLF (3 to 30 kHz), LF (30 to 300 kHz), MF (300 to 3000 kHz) and to a degree the HF (3 to 30 MHz) bands.

29185. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR VHF communications sometimes experience extended ranges as a result of: A) B) C) 0)

ionospheric ducting. reflections from aircraft. surface wave propagation. super refraction.

Under certain meteorological conditions, radio waves in the VHF, UHF and SHF bands, which normally travel only in straight lines, may behave in a way which is at first sight similar to sky waves. The meteorological conditions required for duct propagation are a marked temperature inversion and a rapid decrease in humidity with height. The signal is effectively trapped under the inversion and may travel hundreds of miles with little attenuation. In this way, when high pressure systems prevail, interference may be heard from distant VHF communications stations which are far beyond the normal direct wave range.

124694 (C) 1 24701 (A) 1 24710 (8) 1 24716 (A) 1 29182 (A) 1 29183 (A) 1 29184 (8) 1 29185 (D) 1

Aviationexam Test Prep Edition 2012

29186. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR Which of the following frequencies is an international emergency frequency? A) B) C) D)

122,500 MHz 121,500 MHz 121,050 MHz 121,005 MHz

ICAD Annex 10, Volume II: 5.2.2.1.3 Aeronautical stations shall maintain a continuous listening watch on VHF emergency channel 121,5 MHz during the hours of service of the units at which it is installed.

29187. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR The frequency 121,500 MHz is designated as: A) B) C) D)

an international emergency frequency. a frequency for air-to-air communication. a regional UHF frequency. an airline operation frequency.

29191. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR Which is the maximum distance at which you might expect solid VHF contact over flat terrain at FL50? A) B) C) D)

About 8 NM. About 85 NM. About 15 NM. About 150 NM.

The theoretical range of VHF communication (in NM) is: 1,23 x vheight over terrain (in ft). In this question: 1,23 x ..15000 = 1,23 x 70 =87 NM.

29192. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR Which is the frequency separation between consecutive frequencies in the VHF band? A) B) C) D)

75 kHz 50 kHz 25 kHz 250 kHz

For explanation refer to question #24694 on page 59.

For explanation refer to question #29186 on this page.

29188. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR Which is the frequency band containing frequencies ofthe Aeronautical Mobile Service? A) 108,000 -117,975 MHz B) 118,000 -136,975 MHZ C) 1810 - 2850 kHz D) 11650 - 13200 kHz

29193. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR Which phenomena will normally influence the reception of VHF transmission? A) Level of aircraft and terrain elevations. B) The ionosphere. C) Electrical discharges as they happen frequently in thunderstorms. D) Day and night effect.

For explanation refer to question #24694 on page 59.

For explanation refer to question #29189 on this page.

29189. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR What are the propagation characteristics of VHF?

29194. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR Under which of the following circumstances may you expect a solid reception of the TOWER frequency 118,2 MHz?

A) The waves travel along the surface of the Earth and penetrate into valleys in a way that topographical obstacles have no influence. B) The waves are reflected at the ionosphere at the height of about 100 km and reach the Earth surface in the form of sky-waves. C) Practically straight line similar to light waves. D) Similar to short waves with practically no atmospheric disturbance. VHF propagation characteristics are ideal for short-distance terrestrial communication, with a range generally somewhat farther than line-of-sight from the transmitter. Unlike high frequencies (HF), the ionosphere does not usually reflect VHF radio and thus transmissions are restricted to the local area (and don't interfere with transmissions thousands of kilometers away). VHF is also less affected by atmospheric noise and interference from electrical equipment than lower frequencies. However, obstacles do impair the reception of VHF communications. The straight line joining the sender and the receiver must be relatively free of obstacles. This is why low level flight reduces greatly the range of reception, because of the hills, mountains, bumps on the surface of the Earth, and the roundness of the Earth itself.

A) Aircraft at low level but far away from the ground station. B) Aircraft at high level in the vicinity of the ground station. C) Aircraft at low level, far away from the ground station, in the radio shadow zone of a hill. D) Aircraft at low level, in the vicinity of the ground station, in the radio shadow zone of a hill. For explanation refer to question #29189 on this page.

29195. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR Which is the maximum distance at which you might expect solid VHF contact over flat terrain at FL100? A) B) C) D)

About 120 NM. About 300 NM. About 30 NM. About 12 NM.

The theoretical range of VHF communication (in NM) is: 1,23 x vheight over terrain (in ft).ln this question: 1,23 x ..110.000 = 1,23 x 100 = 123 NM.

29190. Airplane ATPL IR Heli ATPL IR To which frequency bands do the frequencies 118,000 136,975 MHz of the Aeronautical Mobile Service belong? A) B) C) D)

Medium frequency. Very low frequency. Low frequency. Very high frequency.

For explanation refer to question #24694 on page 59.

129186 (8) 1 29187 (A) 129188 (8) 129189 (C) 129190 (D) 1 29191 (8) 129192 (C) 129193 (A) 129194 (8) 129195 (A) 1

Picture Supplements Explanations

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Picture Supplements - Explanations

FIGURE 090-E01 ICAO Annex 10 - Volume II - 4.4 Aeronautical fixed telecommunication network (AFTN) 4.4.1 General

4.4.1.1 Categories of messages. Subject to the provisions of 3.3, the following categories of message shall be handled by the aeronautical fixed telecommunication network: a) distress messages; b) urgency messages; c) flight safety messages; d) meteorological messages; e) flight regularity messages; f) aeronautical information services (AIS) messages; g) aeronautical administrative messages; h) service messages. 4.4.1.1.1 Distress messages (priority indicator SS). This message category shall comprise those messages sent by mobile stations reporting that they are threatened by grave and imminent danger and all other messages relative to the immediate assistance required by the mobile station in distress. 4.4.1.1.2 Urgency messages (priority indicator ~O). This category shall comprise messages concerning the safety of a ship, aircraft or other vehicles, or of some person on board or within sight. 4.4.1.1.3 Flight safety messages (priority indicator FF) shall comprise: a) movement and control messages as defined in PANS-ATM (Doc 4444), Chapter 10; b) messages originated by an aircraft operating agency of immediate concern to aircraft in flight or preparing to depart; c) meteorological messages restricted to SIGMET information, special air-reports, AIRMET messages, volcanic ash and tropical cyclone advisory information and amended forecasts. 4.4.1.1.4 Meteorological messages (priority indicator GG) shall comprise: a) messages concerning forecasts, e.g. terminal aerodrome forecasts (TAFs), area and route forecasts; b) messages concerning observations and reports, e.g. METAR, SPEC!. 4.4.1.1.5 Flight regularity messages (priority indicator GG) shall comprise: a) aircraft load messages required for weight and balance computation; b) messages concerning changes in aircraft operating schedules; c) messages concerning aircraft servicing; d) messages concerning changes in collective requirements for passengers, crew and cargo covered by deviation from normal operating schedules; e) messages concerning non-routine landings; f) messages concerning pre-flight arrangements for air navigation services and operational servicing for non-scheduled aircraft operations, e.g. overflight clearance requests; g) messages originated by aircraft operating agencies reporting an aircraft arrival or departure; h) messages concerning parts and materials urgently required for the operation of aircraft. 4.4.1.1.6 Aeronautical information services (AIS) messages (priority indicator GG) shall comprise: a) messages concerning NOTAMs; b) messages concerning SNOWfAMs. 4.4.1.1.7 Aeronautical administrative messages (priority indicator KK) shall comprise: a) messages regarding the operation or maintenance of facilities provided for the safety or regularity of aircraft operations; b) messages concerning the functioning of aeronautical telecommunication services; c) messages exchanged between civil aviation authorities relating to aeronautical services. 4.4.1.1.8 Messages requesting information shall take the same priority indicator as the category of message being requested except where a higher priority is warranted for flight safety. 4.4.1.1.9 Service messages (priority indicator as appropriate). This category shall comprise messages originated by aeronautical fixed stations to obtain information or verification concerning other messages which appear to have been transmitted incorrectly by the aeronautical fixed service, confirming channel-sequence numbers, etc. [... ] 4.4.1.2.1 The order of priority for the transmission of messages in the aeronautical fixed telecommunication networkshall be as follows: Transmission Priority

1

2 3

Priority indicator

SS DOFF GGKK

Aviationexam Test Prep Edition 2012

FIGURE 090-E02 ICAO Annex 10 - Volume II - Chapter 5 5.2.1.7 - CALLING & CALL SIGNS 5.2.1.7.1 Radiotelephony call signs for aeronautical stations: 5.2.1.7.1.1 Aeronautical stations in the aeronautical mobile service shall be identified by: a) the name of the location; and b) the unit or service available. 5.2.1.7.1.2 The unit or service shall be identified in accordance with the table below except that the name of the location or the unit/service may be omitted provided satisfactory communication has been established. area control centre approach control approach control radar arrivals approach control radar departures aerodrome control surface movement control radar (in general) precision approach radar direction-finding station flight information service clearance delivery apron control company dispatch aeronautical station

CONTROL APPROACH ARRIVAL DEPARTURE TOWER GROUND RADAR PRECISION HOMER INFORMATION DELIVERY APRON DISPATCH RADIO

5.2.1.7.2 Radiotelephony call signs for aircraft: 5.2.1.7.2.1 Full call signs 5.2.1.7.2.1.1 An aircraft radiotelephony call sign shall be one of the following types: Type a) The characters corresponding to the registration marking of the aircraft; or Type b) The telephony designator of the aircraft operating agency, followed by the last four characters of the registration marking of the aircraft; Type c) The telephony designator of the aircraft operating agency, followed by the flight identification.

Note 1: The name of the aircraft manufacturer or of the aircraft model may be used as a radiotelephony prefix to the Type a) call sign. Note 2: The telephony designators referred to in Types b) and c) are contained in Doc 8585 -

Designators for AircraftOperating Agencies, Aeronautical Authorities and Services. Note 3: Any of the foregoing call signs may be inserted in field 7 of the ICAO flight plan as the

aircraft identification. Instructions on the completion of the flight plan form are contained in PANS-ATM, Doc 4444. 5.2.1.7.2.2 Abbreviated call signs 5.2.1.7.2.2.1 The aircraft radiotelephony call signs shown in 5.2.1.7.2.1.1, with the exception ofType c), may be abbreviated in the circumstances prescribed in 5.2.1.7.3.3.1. Abbreviated call signs shall be in the following form: Type a) - the first character of the registration and at least the last two characters of the call sign; Type b) - the telephony designator of the aircraft operating agency, followed by at least the last two characters of the call sign; Type c) - no abbreviated form. Note: Eitf!er the name of the aircraft manufacturer or of the aircraft model may be used in place of

the first character in Type a). 5.2.1.7.3 Radiotelephony procedures: 5.2.1.7.3.1 An aircraft shall not change the type of its radiotelephony call sign during flight, except temporarily on the instruction of an air traffic control unit in the interests of safety. 5.2.1.7.3.1.1 Except for reasons of safety no transmission shall be directed to an aircraft during take-off, during the last part of the final approach or during the landing roll.

Picture Supplements - Explanations

FIGURE 090-E03 ICAO Annex 10 - Volume II - Chapter 5

5.2.1.4 - TRANSMISSION OF NUMBERS 5.2.1.4.1.1 All numbers, except as prescribed in 5.2.1.4.1.2, shall be transmitted by pronouncing each digit separately. Note: The following examples illustrate the application of this procedure (see 5.2.1.4.3.1 for pronunciation). Aircraft call signs transmitted as: CCA 238 = Air China two three eight OAL 242 = Olympic two four two Flight levels transmitted as:

FL 180 = flight level one eight zero FL 200 flight level two zero zero

Headings transmitted as:

100 degrees = heading one zero zero 080 degrees = heading zero eight zero

Wind direction and speed 200 0 170 wind two zero zero degrees seven zero knots transmitted as: 1600 118 gusting 30 = wind one six zero degrees one eight knots gusting three zero knots

=

Transponder codes transmitted as:

2 400 4 203

=squawk two four zero zero =squawk four two zero three

Runway transmitted as:

27 = runway two seven 30 = runway three zero

Altimeter setting transmitted as:

1 010 = QNH one zero one zero 1 000 = QNH one zero zero zero

5.2.1.4.1.2 All numbers used in the transmission of altitude, cloud height, visibility and runway visual range (RVR) information, which contain whole hundreds and whole thousands, shall be transmitted by pronouncing each digit in the number of hundreds or thousands followed by the word HUNDRED or THOUSAND as appropriate. Combinations of thousands and whole hundreds shall be transmitted by pronouncing each digit in the number of thousands followed by the word THOUSAND followed by the number of hundreds followed by the word HUNDRED. Note: The following examples illustrate the application of this procedure (see 5.2.1.4.3.1 for pronunciation). Altitude transmitted as:

800 = eight hundred 3 400 = three thousand four hundred 12 000 = one two thousand

Cloud height transmitted as:

2 200 = two thousand two hundred 4 300 = four thousand three hundred

Visibility transmitted as:

1 000 visibility one thousand 700 = visibility seven hundred

Runway visual range transmitted as:

=

600 = RVR six hundred 1 700 = RVR one thousand seven hundred

5.2.1.4.1.3 Numbers containing a decimal point shall be transmitted _as prescribed in 5.2.1.4.1.1 with the decimal point in appropriate sequence being indicated by the word DECIMAL. Note 1: The following examples illustrate the application of this procedure: Frequency Transmitted as: 100.3 = ONE ZERO ZERO DECIMAL THREE 38 143.9 = THREE EIGHT ONE FOUR THREE DECIMAL NINE Note 2: For identification of VHF frequencies the number of digits used after the decimal point are determined on the basis of the channel spacing (5.2.1.7.3.4.3 refers to frequencies separated by 25 kHz, 5.2.1.7.3.4.4 refers to frequencies separated by 8.33 kHz).

5.2,1.4.1.4 PANS.- When transmitting time, only the minutes of the hour should normally be required. Each digit should be pronounced separately. However, the hour should be included when any possibility of confusion is likely to result. Note: The following example illustrates the application of this procedure when applying the provisions of 5.2.1.2.2: Time Statement:

0920 (9:20 A.M.) = TOO ZE-RO or ZE-RO NIN-er TOO ZE-RO 1643 (4:43 P.M.) = FOW-erTREE orWUN SIX FOW-erTREE

Aviationexam Test Prep Edition 2012

FIGURE 090-E04 ICAO Annex 10 - Volume II - Chapter 5 5.2.1.5 - TRANSMISSION TECHNIQUE & STANDARD PHRASES 5.2.1.5.1 PANS - Each written message should be read prior to commencement of transmission in order to eliminate unnecessary delays in communications. 5.2.1.5.2 Transmissions shall be conducted concisely in a normal conversational tone. 5.2.1.5.3 PANS - Speech transmitting technique should be such that the highest possible intelligibility is incorporated in each transmission. Fulfilment of this aim requires that air crew and ground personnel should: a) enunciate each word clearly and distinctly; b) maintain an even rate of speech not exceeding 100 words per minute. When a message is transmitted to an aircraft and its contents need to be recorded the speaking rate should be at a slower rate to allow for the writing process. A slight pause preceding and following numerals makes them easier to understand; c) maintain the speaking volume at a constant level; d) be familiar with the microphone operating techniques particularly in relation to the maintenance of a constant distance from the microphone if a modulator with a constant level is not used; e) suspend speech temporarily if it becomes necessary to turn the head away from the microphone. 5.2.1.5.4 Speech transmitting technique should be adapted to the prevailing communications conditions. 5.2.1.5.5 PANS - Messages accepted for transmission should be transmitted in plain language or ICAO phraseologies without altering the sense of the message in any way. Approved ICAO abbreviations contained in the text of the message to be transmitted to aircraft should normally be converted into the unabbreviated words or phrases which these abbreviations represent in the language used, except for those which, owing to frequent and common practice, are generally understood by aeronautical personnel.

Note: The abbreviations which constitute the exceptions mentioned in 5.2.1.5.5 are specifically identified in the abbreviation encode sections of the PANS-ABC (Doc 8400). 5.2.1.5.6 PANS - To expedite communication, the use of phonetic spelling should be dispensed with, if there is no risk of this affecting correct reception and intelligibility of the message. 5.2.1.5.7 PANS - The transmission of long messages should be interrupted momentarily from time to time to permit the transmitting operator to confirm that the frequency in use is clear and, if necessary, to permit the receiving operator to request repetition of parts not received. 5.2.1.5.8 The following words and phrases shall be used in radiotelephony communications as appropriate and shall have the meaning ascribed hereunder: ACKNOWLEDGE AFFIRM APPROVED BREAK BREAK BREAK CANCEL CHECK CLEARED CONFIRM CONTACT CORRECT CORRECTION DISREGARD GO AHEAD

"Let me know that you have received and understood this message." "Yes." "Permission for proposed action granted." "I hereby indicate the separation between portions of the message." (To be used where there is no clear distinction between the text and other portions of the message.) "I hereby indicate the separation between messages transmitted to different aircraft in a very busy environment." "Annul the previously transmitted clearance." "Examine a system or procedure." (Not to be used in any other context. No answer is normally expected.) "Authorized to proceed under the conditions specified." "I request verification of: (clearance, instruction, action, information)." "Establish communications with ... " "True" or "Accurate". "An error has been made in this transmission (or message). The correct version is ... " "Ignore." "Proceed with your message."

Note: Not used whenever the possibility exists of misconstruing "GO AHEAD" as an authorization for an aircraft to proceed. The phrase "GO AHEAD" may be omitted and, in its place, a response made by using the calling aeronautical station's call sign followed by the answering aeronautical station's call sign. continues ...

Picture Supplements - Explanations

FIGURE 090-EOS ICAO Annex 10 - Volume II - Chapter 5 5.2.1.5 - TRANSMISSION TECHNIQUE & STANDARD PHRASES continued ...

HOW DO YOU READ I SAY AGAIN MAINTAIN MONITOR NEGATIVE OVER OUT READ BACK RECLEARED

REPORT REQUEST ROGER

SAY AGAIN SPEAK SLOWER STANDBY

UNABLE WILCO WORDS TWICE

~----~~~~~~~~-

"What is the readability of my transmission?" (see 5.2.1.8.4.) "I repeat for clarity or emphasis." "Continue in accordance with the condition(s) specified" or in its literal sense, e.g. "Maintain VFR". "Listen out on (frequency)." "No" or "Permission not granted" or "That is not correct" or "Not capable". "My transmission is ended, and I expect a response from you." . Note: Not normally used in VHF communications. "This exchange of transmissions is ended and no response is expected." Note: Not normally used in VHF communications. "Repeat all, or the specified part, of this message back to me exactly as received." "A change has been made to your last clearance and this new clearance supersedes your previous clearance or part thereof." "Pass me the following information ... " "I should like to know... " or "I wish to obtain ... " "I have received all of your last transmission." Note: Under no circumstances to be used in reply to a question requiring "READ BACK" or a direct answer in the affirmative (AFFIRM) or negative (NEGATIVE). "Repeat all, or the following part, of your last transmission." "Reduce your rate of speech." Note: For normal rate of speech, see 5.2.1.5.3 b) "Wait and I will call you." Note: The caller would normally re-establish contact if the delay is lengthy. STANDBY is not an approval or denial. "I cannot comply with your request, instruction, or clearance." Note: UNABLE is normally followed by a reason. "I understand your message and will comply with it." (Abbreviation for "will comply".) a) As a request: "Communication is difficult. Please send every word, or group of words, twice." b) As information: "Since communication is difficult, every word, or group of words, in this message will be sent twice."