Exercise 1

Exercise 1: Are the statements below True, False or Not given according to the paragraph. The banana comes in all kinds of sizes and shapes. Its plant, which may reach eight metres in height, bears big hanging purple flowers, and almost every part of it is useable. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

You can use every part of a banana. Some banana trees grow over eight metres high. The flowers on a banana tree are big and purple. Bananas are very delicious. Bananas have a standard size and shape.

Exercise 2: Are the statements below True, False or Not given according to the paragraph? Research indicates that, if adults and children are given the same amount of time to learn a foreign language, it is the adults who will be more successful, with the possible exception of achieving a native-like pronunciation. 1. 2. 3.

Adults enjoy learning foreign languages more than children do. Foreign languages are difficult to learn. There has been extensive research into the learning of foreign languages.

Exercise 3: Are the statements below True, False or Not given according to the paragraph? The Olympic Games is an international sport festival that began in ancient Greece. The original Greek games were staged every fourth year for several hundred years until they were abolished in the early Christian era. The revival of the Olympic Games took lace in 1896 and since they have been staged every four years, except during World War I and World War II - 1916, 1940, 1944). Perhaps the basic difference between the ancient and modern Olympics is that the former were the ancient Greeks’ way of saluting their gods, whereas the modern Games area manner of saluting the athletic talents of citizens of all nations. The original Olympics featured competition in music, oratory and theatre performances as well. The modern Games have a more expansive athletic agenda, and for two and a half weeks they are supposed to replace the rancour of international conflict with friendly competition. In recent times, however, that lofty ideal has not always been attained. 1. 2. 3. 4.

The ancient Olympics lasted for several hundred years. The modern Olympics have been held every four years since 1896. The ancient and modern Olympics have the same basic aim. The ideal of the modern Games has not been achieved.

Exercise 4: Are the statements below True, False or Not given according to the paragraph? Research indicates that if adults and children are given the same amount of time to learn a foreign language, it is the adults who will be more successful, with the possible exception of achieving a native-like pronunciation. 1. 2. 3.

Adults find it easy to learn foreign languages. The issue of whether adults or children learn foreign languages more successfully has been researched. It has been concluded that children are more successful than adults at achieving a native-like pronunciation in a foreign language.

Exercise 5: Are the statements below True, False or Not given according to the paragraph? Despite the dazzling of shape and colour among insects, they all share three fundamental characteristics in common. They are made up of three components parts. All are invertebrates, that is, they have no backbone. And, finally, all have six legs. 1.

Insects are often very different in their shape and colour.

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2. 3. 4. 5.

All insects share the same shape and colour. Insects are a vital part of the environment. Insects have no backbone. Insects share many of the same characteristics as other animals.

(Bài tập lấy từ Focusing on IELTS: Reading and Writing Skills)

Các bạn hãy reply câu trả lời của mình cho những bài tập trên để chúng ta chùng thảo luận, bới móc những mánh khóe, mẹo vặt của IELTS nhé.

To be continued. Ex 1: F, F, T, NG, F Ex 2: NG, NG, NG Ex 3: T, F, F, F Ex 4: NG, T, F Ex 5: T, F, NG, T, NG Những câu khó là: Exercise 1, Question no. 2 (câu này cả nhà sai nhìu nhất nè) Exercise 3, Question no. 2, 3 & 4 (câu 4 là một trong những lưu ý của mình đó) Exercise 4, Question no. 3 Exercise 5, Question no. 1 Những bài này tuy ngắn nhưng mưu mẹo nhiều nên khó. Đây là minh chứng cho việc đọc thì hiểu nhưng làm ko dc đối với Yes/No/Not Given. Dạng câu hỏi này ko đánh giá trình độ ngôn ngữ gì cả. Chỉ cần để ý 1 chút là dc. Ex 3 question 4 False vì ở bài ngta đề cập: that lofty ideal has not ALWAYS been attained.Trong khi đó trong Question: The ideal of the modern Games has not been achieved. Rõ ràng là sai--j"K phải là thường xuyên đạt được" vs "k đat được"sao Ex3, question 4 lại là sai nhở :-?

Dưới đây là đáp án và cách lập luận để trả lời các câu hỏi TFNG trong bài đọc lần trước (xem bài đọc và câu hỏi tại ĐÂY) 1. Sufferers of OCD repeat certain actions so that they can get rid of their anxious feelings. True Căn cứ: OCD… by repetitive behaviors aimed at reducing the associated anxiety 2. Anxiety appears as the first symptom and is followed by other repetitive and excessive symptoms. Not Given 3. OCD can occur anytime during a person’s life. True Căn cứ: Obsessive–compulsive disorder affects children and adolescents, as well as adults. 4. Each OCD suffer has his or her own personal characteristics and are not related to other OCD sufferers. False Căn cứ: Its sufferers commonly share personality traits such as… 5. OCD can be diagnosed using Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. Not Given Căn cứ: Standardized rating scales such as Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale can be used to assess the severity of OCD symptoms. Trong bài đọc chỉ nói rằng Yale-Brown Scale có thể dùng để đánh giá mức độ trầm trọng (severity) của OCD chứ không nói trực tiếp rằng có thể dùng để chẩn đoán (diagnosis) cho nên đáp án ở đây là NG.

IELTS Reading: TFNG Posted: Thursday, January 2, 2014 | Author: Thang Trinh | Filed under: IELTS Reading | 6 Comments

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by intrusive thoughts that produce uneasiness, apprehension, fear, or worry; by repetitive behaviors aimed at reducing the associated anxiety; or by a combination of such obsessions and compulsions. Symptoms of the disorder include excessive washing or cleaning; repeated checking; extreme hoarding; preoccupation with sexual, violent or religious thoughts; relationship-related obsessions; aversion to particular numbers; and nervous rituals, such as opening and closing a door a

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certain number of times before entering or leaving a room. These symptoms can be alienating and time-consuming, and often cause severe emotional and financial distress. The acts of those who have OCD may appear paranoid and potentially psychotic. However, OCD sufferers generally recognize their obsessions and compulsions as irrational and may become further distressed by this realization. Obsessive–compulsive disorder affects children and adolescents, as well as adults. Roughly one third to one half of adults with OCD report a childhood onset of the disorder, suggesting the continuum of anxiety disorders across the life span. Despite the irrational behaviour, OCD is sometimes associated with above-average intelligence. Its sufferers commonly share personality traits such as high attention to detail, avoidance of risk, careful planning, exaggerated sense of responsibility and a tendency to take time in making decisions. Multiple psychological and biological factors may be involved in causing obsessive–compulsive syndromes. Standardized rating scales such as Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale can be used to assess the severity of OCD symptoms. Are the following statements true, false or not given? 1. Sufferers of OCD repeat certain actions so that they can get rid of their anxious feelings. 2. Anxiety appears as the first symptom and is followed by other repetitive and excessive symptoms. 3. OCD can occur anytime during a person’s life. 4. Each OCD suffer has his or her own personal characteristics and are not related to other OCD sufferers. 5. OCD can be diagnosed using Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale

IELTS Reading: Multiple choice (Đáp án) Posted: Tuesday, November 19, 2013 | Author: Thang Trinh | Filed under: IELTS Reading | Tags: reading/muiltple choice | Leave a comment

Đáp án bài Reading Multiple choice của tuần trước là B và C. Cơ sở để lựa chọn B và C là true statements như sau: A) Edison’s electric light bulb was the most successful light bulb. Not Given Statement A là Not Given vì trong bài đọc không có thông tin nào khẳng định như vậy. B) Light bulbs invented by many previous inventors took too much money to produce, and therefore could not be sold widely. True Many earlier inventors had previously devised incandescent lamps, including Alessandro Volta’s demonstration of a glowing wire in 1800 and inventions by Henry Woodward and Mathew Evans. Others who developed early and commercially impractical incandescent electric lamps included Humphry Davy, James Bowman Lindsay, Moses G. Farmer, William E. Sawyer, Joseph Swan and Heinrich Gobel. Some of these early bulbs had such flaws as an extremely short life, high expense to produce, and high electric currentdrawn, making them difficult to apply on a large scale commercially. C) Edison failed to generate electric light using platinum and other kinds of metal. True After many experiments, first with carbon filaments in the early 1880s and then with platinum and other metals, in the end Edison returned to a carbon filament. The first successful test was on October 22, 1879; it lasted 13.5 hours. D) Edison and his colleagues received U.S patent for the invention of electric light bulb with carbonized bamboo filament. Not Given Edison continued to improve this design and by November 4, 1879, filed for U.S. patent 223,898 (granted on January 27, 1880) for an electric lamp using ―a carbon filament or strip coiled and connected to platina contact wires‖ -> Đoạn này không có thông tin nào liên quan đến bamboo filament -> Not Given E) Edison and some colleagues were looking for a material to produce a filament that can last for an extremely long time when they came to Battle Lake. False The idea of using this particular raw material originated from Edison’s recalling his examination of a few threads from a bamboo fishing pole while relaxing on the shore of Battle Lake in the present-day state of Wyoming, where he and other members of a scientific team had traveled so that they could clearly observe a total eclipse of the sun on July 29, 1878, from the Continental Divide.

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IELTS Reading: Multiple choice Posted: Tuesday, November 12, 2013 | Author: Thang Trinh | Filed under: IELTS Reading | Tags: reading/muiltple choice | 5 Comments

Read the following passage about electric light bulb Edison did not invent the first electric light bulb, but instead invented the first commercially practical incandescent light. Many earlier inventors had previously devised incandescent lamps, including Alessandro Volta’s demonstration of a glowing wire in 1800 and inventions by Henry Woodward and Mathew Evans. Others who developed early and commercially impractical incandescent electric lamps included Humphry Davy, James Bowman Lindsay, Moses G. Farmer, William E. Sawyer, Joseph Swan and Heinrich Gobel. Some of these early bulbs had such flaws as an extremely short life, high expense to produce, and high electric currentdrawn, making them difficult to apply on a large scale commercially. After many experiments, first with carbon filaments in the early 1880s and then with platinum and other metals, in the end Edison returned to a carbon filament. The first successful test was on October 22, 1879; it lasted 13.5 hours. Edison continued to improve this design and by November 4, 1879, filed for U.S. patent 223,898 (granted on January 27, 1880) for an electric lamp using ―a carbon filament or strip coiled and connected to platina contact wires‖. Although the patent described several ways of creating the carbon filament including ―cotton and linen thread, wood splints, papers coiled in various ways‖, it was not until several months after the patent was granted that Edison and his team discovered a carbonized bamboo filament that could last over 1,200 hours. The idea of using this particular raw material originated from Edison’s recalling his examination of a few threads from a bamboo fishing pole while relaxing on the shore of Battle Lake in the present-day state of Wyoming, where he and other members of a scientific team had traveled so that they could clearly observe a total eclipse of the sun on July 29, 1878, from the Continental Divide. Which TWO of the following statements are correct? A) Edison’s electric light bulb was the most successful light bulb. B) Light bulbs invented by many previous inventors took too much money to produce, and therefore could not be sold widely. C) Edison failed to generate electric light using platinum and other kinds of metal. D) Edison and his colleagues received U.S patent for the invention of electric light bulb with carbonized bamboo filament. E) Edison and some colleagues were looking for a material to produce a filament that can last for an extremely long time when they came to Battle Lake.

IELTS Reading: TFNG 3 – Đáp án Posted: Tuesday, November 5, 2013 | Author: Thang Trinh | Filed under: IELTS Reading | Tags: Reading/TFNG | Leave a comment

Dưới đây là đáp án cho bài tập Reading TFNG của tuần trước. Sir Alexander Fleming was a Scottish biologist, pharmacologist and botanist. He wrote many articles on bacteriology, immunology, and chemotherapy. His best-known discoveries are the enzyme lyzozyme in 1923 and the antibiotic substance penecillin from the mould Penicillium notatum in 1928, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain. Fleming’s identification of penecillin was considered by many scholars as a discovery that would change the course of history. The active ingredient in that mould, which Fleming named penicillin, turned out to be an infection-fighting agent of enormous potency. When it was finally recognized for what it was, the most efficacious life-saving drug in the world, penicillin would alter forever the treatment of bacterial infections. However, Fleming cautioned about the use of penicillin in his many speeches around the world. He cautioned not to use penicillin unless there was a properly diagnosed reason for it to be used, and that if it were used, never to use too little, or for too short a period, since these are the circumstances under which bacterial resistance to antibiotics develops. Are the following statements TRUE, FALSE or NOT GIVEN in the text? 1. Fleming discovered penecillin without the help of others: Not Given

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the antibiotic substance penecillin from the mould Penicillium notatum in 1928, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain. Trong đoạn văn chỉ có chi tiết Fleming nhận giải Nobel vì đã phát hiện ra penellin và giải Nobel này cũng được trao cho hai nhà khoa học khác. Tuy nhiên, không hề có thông tin hai nhà khoa học ấy có cùng phát hiện ra penicillin với Fleming hay không. 2. Many experts regard Fleming’s discovery of penecillin as one of the most crucial medical groundbreakings in mankind’s history: True Fleming’s identification of penecillin was considered by many scholars as a discovery that would change the course of history. 3. Penecillin, produced by the mould Penicillium notatum, is extremely effective in protecting against bacteria: True The active ingredient in that mould, which Fleming named penicillin, turned out to be an infection-fighting agent of enormous potency. When it was finally recognized for what it was, the most efficacious life-saving drug in the world, penicillin would alter forever the treatment of bacterial infections. 4. Fleming emphasised that penecillin must be used for a long period to treat bacterial infection: Not Given He cautioned not to use penicillin unless there was a properly diagnosed reason for it to be used, and that if it were used, never to use too little, or for too short a period, since these are the circumstances under which bacterial resistance to antibiotics develops. Trong đoạn văn có thông tin Fleming nhấn mạnh rằng nếu dùng Penecillin thì phải dùng ―never to use too little or for too short a period‖ nhưng không hề đả động gì đến việc phải ―use for a long period‖

IELTS Reading: TFNG (3) Posted: Wednesday, October 30, 2013 | Author: Thang Trinh | Filed under: IELTS Reading | Tags: Reading/TFNG | 17 Comments

Bạn hãy dựa vào đoạn text sau để trả lời câu hỏi bên dưới. Sir Alexander Fleming was a Scottish biologist, pharmacologist and botanist. He wrote many articles on bacteriology, immunology, and chemotherapy. His best-known discoveries are the enzyme lyzozyme in 1923 and the antibiotic substance penecillin from the mould Penicillium notatum in 1928, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain. Fleming’s identification of penecillin was considered by many scholars as a discovery that would change the course of history. The active ingredient in that mould, which Fleming named penicillin, turned out to be an infection-fighting agent of enormous potency. When it was finally recognized for what it was, the most efficacious life-saving drug in the world, penicillin would alter forever the treatment of bacterial infections. However, Fleming cautioned about the use of penicillin in his many speeches around the world. He cautioned not to use penicillin unless there was a properly diagnosed reason for it to be used, and that if it were used, never to use too little, or for too short a period, since these are the circumstances under which bacterial resistance to antibiotics develops. Are the following statements TRUE, FALSE or NOT GIVEN in the text? 1.

Fleming discovered penecillin without the help of others.

2.

Many experts regard Fleming’s discovery of penecillin as one of the most crucial medical groundbreakings in mankind’s history.

3.

Penecillin, produced by the mould Penicillium notatum, is extremely effective in protecting against bacteria.

4.

Fleming emphasised that penecillin must be used for a long period to treat bacterial infection.

IELTS Reading: Text completion 3 (đáp án) Posted: Wednesday, September 18, 2013 | Author: Thang Trinh | Filed under: IELTS Reading | Tags: reading/text completion | Leave a comment

Để làm tốt dạng bài text completion trong IELTS Reading bạn cần ít nhất hai kỹ năng: kỹ năng xác định dạng của từ cần điền và kỹ năng ―phiên dịch‖ (paraphrase) bởi vì các từ ngữ trong câu hỏi không bao giờ được bê nguyên xi từ bài đọc vào mà luôn được paraphrase từ chính các từ.cụm từ đồng nghĩa trong reading passage.

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Tôi sẽ phân tích kỹ đáp án cho bài tập reading của tuần trước (click here) để các bạn nắm được kỹ năng làm dạng bài text completion. Qua đây các bạn cũng sẽ thấy ngữ pháp cơ bản và vốn từ vựng có vai trò quan trọng như thế nào trong tất cả các dạng bài thi IELTS, đặc biệt là bài Reading. Đầu tiên bạn cần đọc câu hỏi và xác định loại từ cần điền vào chỗ trống. Fill in each blank below with NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS taken from the paragraphs above. 1. According to a recent study, well-lit streets do not decrease ……………….. or make neighbourhoods safer to live in. 2. Extreme lights can ……………. lower drivers’ ability to see, which results in increased probability of accidents. 3. Efficient lights ……………….. from going into areas where it is not needed. 4. Light pollution threatens not only the humans and the natural environment but also ……………….. 5. In dealing with light pollution ……………….. is at least as important as passing new laws. Loại từ cần điền ở từng câu như sau: 1.

danh từ: vì từ này đứng sau động từ decrease

2.

trạng từ: vì từ này đứng sau động từ can và đứng trước động từ lower

3.

động từ: vì từ này đứng sau danh từ Efficient lights và đứng trước giới từ from

4.

danh từ: vì từ này đi cùng với cụm not only the humans and the natural environment but also, toàn bộ cụm danh từ này đứng sau động từ threaten

5.

danh từ: vì từ này đứng trước động từ is

Tiếp đến bạn cần xác định key words trong từng câu hỏi, hiểu nội dung của câu hỏi rồi lần ngược lại bài đọc để tìm câu văn/đoạn văn có nội dung tương tự với câu hỏi ấy. Dưới đây là bảng key words tôi đã tổng hợp lại để các bạn tiện theo dõi (click vô hình để xem rõ hơn):

Dựa trên phần phân tích về loại từ cần điền và bảng key words, chúng ta có đáp án cho bài tập này như sau: 1.

crime (hoặc criminal activity)

2.

temporarily

3.

block light

4.

air quality

5.

education

Take home message: Ngữ pháp và từ vựng là vô cùng quan trọng trong tất cả các kỹ năng thi IELTS, do đó bạn hãy cố gắng củng cố hai công cụ hữu dụng này!

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IELTS Reading: Text completion 3 Posted: Tuesday, September 10, 2013 | Author: Thang Trinh | Filed under: IELTS Reading | Tags: reading/text completion | 2 Comments

Tuần này các bạn sẽ làm dạng bài text completion dựa trên bài đọc về Light pollution của tuần trước nhé.

Light pulltion D. But don’t we need all those lights to ensure our safety? The answer from light engineers, light pollution control advocates and astronomers is an emphatic ―no.‖ Elizabeth Alvarez of the International Dark Sky Association (IDA), a nonprofit organization in Tucson, Arizona, says that overly bright security lights can actually force neighbors to close the shutters, which means that if any criminal activity does occur on the street, no one will see it. And the old assumption that bright lights deter crime appears to have been a false one: A new Department of Justice report concludes that there is no documented correlation between the level of lighting and the level of crime in an area. And contrary to popular belief, more crimes occur in broad daylight than at night. E. For drivers, light can actually create a safety hazard. Glaring lights can temporarily blind drivers, increasing the likelihood of an accident. To help prevent such accidents, some cities and states prohibit the use of lights that impair nighttime vision. For instance, New Hampshire law forbids the use of ―any light along a highway so positioned as to blind or dazzle the vision of travelers on the adjacent highway.‖ F. Badly designed lighting can pose a threat to wildlife as well as people. Newly hatched turtles in Florida move toward beach lights instead of the more muted silver shimmer of the ocean. Migrating birds, confused by lights on skyscrapers, broadcast towers and lighthouses, are injured, sometimes fatally, after colliding with high, lighted structures. And light pollution harms air quality as well: Because most of the country’s power plants are still powered by fossil fuels, more light means more air pollution. G. So what can be done? Tucson, Arizona is taking back the night. The city has one of the best lighting ordinances in the country, and, not coincidentally, the highest concentration of observatories in the world. Kitt Peak National Optical Astronomy Observatory has 24 telescopes aimed skyward around the city’s perimeter, and its cadre of astronomers needs a dark sky to work with. H. For a while, that darkness was threatened. ―We were totally losing the night sky,‖ Jim Singleton of Tucson’s Lighting Committee told Tulsa, Oklahoma’s KOTV last March. Now, after retrofitting inefficient mercury lighting with low-sodium lights that block light from ―trespassing‖ into unwanted areas like bedroom windows, and by doing away with some unnecessary lights altogether, the city is softly glowing rather than brightly beaming. The same thing is happening in a handful of other states, including Texas, which just passed a light pollution bill last summer. ―Astronomers can get what they need at the same time that citizens get what they need: safety, security and good visibility at night,‖ says McDonald Observatory’s Mark Adams, who provided testimony at the hearings for the bill. I. And in the long run, everyone benefits from reduced energy costs. Wasted energy from inefficient lighting costs us between $1 and $2 billion a year, according to IDA. The city of San Diego, which installed new, high-efficiency street lights after passing a light pollution law in 1985, now saves about $3 million a year in energy costs. J. Legislation isn’t the only answer to light pollution problems. Brian Greer, Central Ohio representative for the Ohio Light Pollution Advisory Council, says that education is just as important, if not more so. ―There are some special situations where regulation is the only fix,‖ he says. ―But the vast majority of bad lighting is simply the result of not knowing any better.‖ Simple actions like replacing old bulbs and fixtures with more efficient and better-designed ones can make a big difference in preserving the night sky. Fill in each blank below with NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS taken from the paragraphs above. 1.

According to a recent study, well-lit streets do not decrease ……………….. or make neighbourhoods safer to live in.

2.

Extreme lights can ……………. lower drivers’ ability to see, which results in increased probability of accidents.

3.

Efficient lights ……………….. from going into areas where it is not needed.

4.

Light pollution threatens not only the humans and the natural environment but also ………………..

5.

In dealing with light pollution ……………….. is at least as important as passing new laws.

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IELTS Reading: Heading matching 2 – Light pollution Posted: Tuesday, September 3, 2013 | Author: Thang Trinh | Filed under: IELTS Reading | 15 Comments

Hôm nay các bạn sẽ thực hành dạng bài heading matching, đây vốn là một dạng bài khó trong IELTS Reading. Một trong những nguyên nhân chính khiến bạn không đạt điểm cao ở dạng bài này đó là bạn không có kỹ thuật làm bài. Một lưu ý quan trọng là dạng bài này nên để đến cuối cùng hẵng làm. Sau khi bạn đã đọc kỹ toàn bộ bài đọc để trả lời các câu hỏi khác rồi thì bạn sẽ nắm được nội dung của từng đoạn trong bài, do đó dạng bài heading matching sẽ trở nên đơn giản hơn. Các bước làm dạng bài này theo thứ tự như sau: 1.

Đọc các heading, gạch chân key words trong heading để nắm được nội dung của từng heading

2.

Lần lượt đọc từng paragraph trong bài đọc, đọc paragraph nào thì lựa chọn luôn heading cho paragraph đó

3.

Nếu không chắc chắn thì bạn chọn một vài headings cho cùng một paragraph cũng được, sau khi đã đọc toàn bộ các paragraphs thì lựa chọn một lần nữa. Lúc này bạn đã nắm được nội dung của tất cả các paragraph rồi nên việc lựa chọn heading sẽ dễ dàng hơn

Thực hành:

Light pollution A. After hours of driving south in the pitch-black darkness of the Nevada desert, a dome of hazy gold suddenly appears on the horizon. Soon, a road sign confirms the obvious: Las Vegas 30 miles. Looking skyward, you notice that the Big Dipper is harder to find than it was an hour ago. B. Light pollution—the artificial light that illuminates more than its intended target area—has become a problem of increasing concern across the country over the past 15 years. In the suburbs, where over-lit shopping mall parking lots are the norm, only 200 of the Milky Way’s 2,500 stars are visible on a clear night. Even fewer can be seen from large cities. In almost every town, big and small, street lights beam just as much light up and out as they do down, illuminating much more than just the street. Almost 50 percent of the light emanating from street lamps misses its intended target, and billboards, shopping centers, private homes and skyscrapers are similarly over-illuminated. C. America has become so bright that in a satellite image of the United States at night, the outline of the country is visible from its lights alone. The major cities are all there, in bright clusters: New York, Boston, Miami, Houston, Los Angeles, Seattle, Chicago—and, of course, Las Vegas. Mark Adams, superintendent of the McDonald Observatory in west Texas, says that the very fact that city lights are visible from on high is proof of their wastefulness. ―When you’re up in an airplane, all that light you see on the ground from the city is wasted. It’s going up into the night sky. That’s why you can see it.‖ D. But don’t we need all those lights to ensure our safety? The answer from light engineers, light pollution control advocates and astronomers is an emphatic ―no.‖ Elizabeth Alvarez of the International Dark Sky Association (IDA), a nonprofit organization in Tucson, Arizona, says that overly bright security lights can actually force neighbors to close the shutters, which means that if any criminal activity does occur on the street, no one will see it. And the old assumption that bright lights deter crime appears to have been a false one: A new Department of Justice report concludes that there is no documented correlation between the level of lighting and the level of crime in an area. And contrary to popular belief, more crimes occur in broad daylight than at night. E. For drivers, light can actually create a safety hazard. Glaring lights can temporarily blind drivers, increasing the likelihood of an accident. To help prevent such accidents, some cities and states prohibit the use of lights that impair nighttime vision. For instance, New Hampshire law forbids the use of ―any light along a highway so positioned as to blind or dazzle the vision of travelers on the adjacent highway.‖ F. Badly designed lighting can pose a threat to wildlife as well as people. Newly hatched turtles in Florida move toward beach lights instead of the more muted silver shimmer of the ocean. Migrating birds, confused by lights on skyscrapers, broadcast towers and lighthouses, are injured, sometimes fatally, after colliding with high, lighted structures. And light pollution harms air quality as well: Because most of the country’s power plants are still powered by fossil fuels, more light means more air pollution.

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G. So what can be done? Tucson, Arizona is taking back the night. The city has one of the best lighting ordinances in the country, and, not coincidentally, the highest concentration of observatories in the world. Kitt Peak National Optical Astronomy Observatory has 24 telescopes aimed skyward around the city’s perimeter, and its cadre of astronomers needs a dark sky to work with. H. For a while, that darkness was threatened. ―We were totally losing the night sky,‖ Jim Singleton of Tucson’s Lighting Committee told Tulsa, Oklahoma’s KOTV last March. Now, after retrofitting inefficient mercury lighting with low-sodium lights that block light from ―trespassing‖ into unwanted areas like bedroom windows, and by doing away with some unnecessary lights altogether, the city is softly glowing rather than brightly beaming. The same thing is happening in a handful of other states, including Texas, which just passed a light pollution bill last summer. ―Astronomers can get what they need at the same time that citizens get what they need: safety, security and good visibility at night,‖ says McDonald Observatory’s Mark Adams, who provided testimony at the hearings for the bill. I. And in the long run, everyone benefits from reduced energy costs. Wasted energy from inefficient lighting costs us between $1 and $2 billion a year, according to IDA. The city of San Diego, which installed new, high-efficiency street lights after passing a light pollution law in 1985, now saves about $3 million a year in energy costs. J. Legislation isn’t the only answer to light pollution problems. Brian Greer, Central Ohio representative for the Ohio Light Pollution Advisory Council, says that education is just as important, if not more so. ―There are some special situations where regulation is the only fix,‖ he says. ―But the vast majority of bad lighting is simply the result of not knowing any better.‖ Simple actions like replacing old bulbs and fixtures with more efficient and better-designed ones can make a big difference in preserving the night sky. * The Big Dipper: a group of seven bright stars visible in the Northern Hemisphere. Practice: The first six paragraphs of this reading passage are lettered A-F.
Choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs A-F from the list of headings below.
 NB There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use them all. List of headings i. Why lights are needed ii. Lighting discourages law breakers iii. The environmental dangers iv. People at risk from bright lights v. Illuminating space vi. A problem lights do not solve vii. Seen from above viii. More light than is necessary ix. Approaching the city Example: The heading for paragraph A is ix (Approaching the city) 1.

Paragraph B

………………

2.

Paragraph C

………………

3.

Paragraph D

………………

4.

Paragraph E

………………

5.

Paragraph F

………………

IELTS Reading: Text Completion (bài 2) Posted: Tuesday, August 27, 2013 | Author: Thang Trinh | Filed under: IELTS Reading | 5 Comments

Architecture and urban planning

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Sunlight has influenced building design since the beginning of architectural history. Advanced solar architecture and urban planning methods were first employed by the Greeks and Chinese, who oriented their buildings toward the south to provide light and warmth.

The common features of passive solar architecture are orientation relative to the Sun, compact proportion (a low surface area to volume ratio), selective shading (overhangs) and thermal mass. When these features are tailored to the local climate and environment they can produce well-lit spaces that stay in a comfortable temperature range. Socrates’ Megaron House is a classic example of passive solar design. The most recent approaches to solar design use computer modeling tying together solar lighting, heating and ventilation systems in an integrated solar design package. Active solar equipment such as pumps, fans and switchable windows can complement passive design and improve system performance. Urban heat islands (UHI) are metropolitan areas with higher temperatures than that of the surrounding environment. The higher temperatures are a result of increased absorption of the Solar light by urban materials such as asphalt and concrete, which have lower albedos and higher heat capacities than those in the natural environment. A straightforward method of counteracting the UHI effect is to paint buildings and roads white and plant trees. Using these methods, a hypothetical ―cool communities‖ program in Los Angeles has projected that urban temperatures could be reduced by approximately 3 °C at an estimated cost of US$1 billion, giving estimated total annual benefits of US$530 million from reduced air-conditioning costs and healthcare savings. Complete the sentences below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS 1.

For a long time building architecture in cities has recevied much attention from people and played an important role in adjusting the _____________ that comes into a house.

2.

In the newest model of solar planning, different systems are _____________ into one package.

3.

A consequence of the common use of materials which capture more heat than materials found in the nature is the _____________ in UHI.

4.

Los Angeles may save millions of US$ if this city applies an uncomplicated approach to reduce heat that involves changing the color of _____________ .

Aroma of essential oil from the herb may enhance the ability to remember events and to remember to complete tasks at particular times, researchers from the University of Northumbria said. A group of 66 people were given memory tests in either a rosemary-scented room or another room with no scent. Participants were tasked various tests to assess their memory functions, including finding hidden objects and passing specified objects to researchers at a particular time.The results, presented at the British Psychological Society’s annual conference in Harrogate, showed that participants in the rosemary-scented room performed better on the prospective memory tasks than those in the room with no smell. ―In this study we focused on prospective memory, which involves the ability to remember events that will occur in the future and to remember to complete tasks at particular times. This is critical for everyday functioning. For example, when someone needs to remember to post a birthday card or to take medication at a particular time.‖ Co-author Jemma McCready, added: ―These findings may have implications for treating individuals with memory impairments. Remembering when and where to go and for what reasons underpins everything we do, and we all suffer minor failings that can be frustrating and sometimes dangerous. Further research is needed to investigate if this treatment is useful for older adults who have experienced memory decline.‖ Complete the summary below with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage. 1.

Smell of rosemary could increase the _________ of individuals without diseases to keep track of things to be performed in the coming time.

2.

_________ were assigned in two different conditions to the study subjects.

3.

The researchers considered the capability of retrieving tasks that one must accomplish as a ________ function in daily life.

4.

The inability to follow plans or instructions might lead to _________ consequences in people’s life. 1. ability to remember 2. memory tests 3. critical 4. frustrating and dangerous

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An experiment conducted in 1961 by Yale University psychologist Stanley Milgram measured the willingness to obey authority figures by instructing people to perform acts that conflicted with their morals. Participants were assigned to play the role of ―teacher‖ and administer electric shocks to ―the learner,‖ who was supposedly in a different room, every time they answered a question incorrectly. Milgram played recordings to make the teachers believe that the learners were in great pain and wanted to end the experiment as if they were shocked in reality. Despite these protests, many participants continued the experiment when the authority figure urged them to, increasing the voltage after each wrong answer until some eventually administered what would be lethal electric shocks. Similar experiments conducted since the original have provided nearly identical results, indicating that people are willing to go against their consciences if they are being told to do so by authority figures. Are the following statements true, false or not given? 1.

Participants in the experiment were given the choice of playing the role of teacher or learner.

2.

The learners in the experiment were actually shocked with electricity.

3.

Although feeling guilty, many participants kept administering electricity shock to their learners until the shock reached lethal voltage.

4.

The study aimed to investigate the psychological effects of the authority on people’s ability to make decision. 5.

1. False

6.

Participants were assigned to play the role of ―teacher‖ and administer electric shocks to ―the learner,‖…

7.

2. False

8.

Milgram played recordings to make the teachers believe that the learners were in great pain and wanted to end the experiment as if they were shocked in reality.

9.

3. Not given

10. Despite these protests, many participants continued the experiment when the authority figure urged them to, increasing the voltage after each wrong answer until some eventually administered what would be lethal electric shocks. 11. 4. True 12. An experiment conducted in 1961 by Yale University psychologist Stanley Milgram measured the willingness to obey authority figures by instructing people to perform acts that conflicted with their morals. An entire generation of seabirds could be wiped out on a section of the British coastline after hundreds were found dead last week, wildlife authorities have warned. More than 700 guillemots, razorbills and puffins have been washed up in Devon and Cornwall in the last fortnight covered in a clear sticky substance thought to be polyisobutene (PIB). Wildlife agencies in the two counties said the number of birds killed or rendered helpless could now reach thousands and warned that a ―whole generation of seabirds‖ may have been wiped out by a single pollution incident. PIB is an oil additive often used to improve the performance of lubricating oil and is considered a hazard to the marine environment. But it is legal to discharge it in certain quantities directly into the sea. The Cornwall Wildlife Trust renewed calls for PIB discharges to be outlawed by the International Maritime Organisation. It said ―urgent action‖ was required to prevent ―further death and destruction‖ in the South West. ―It has been a terribly sad time for everyone seeing these beautiful birds washing up dead in horrific numbers along our coastline,‖ said Abby Crosby, a marine conservation officer for Cornwall Wildlife Trust. The Maritime and Coastguard Agency said it had been unable to trace the

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source of the spill, although it appears to be the same as that which affected more than 300 birds along a 200-mile stretch of coastline in January and February. Are the following statements true, false or not given in the text? 1.

Two weeks ago seven hundred seabirds were detected to have been destroyed on one of the British coastal areas.

2.

Environment pollution by PIB could lead to the extinction of seabirds in Britain.

3.

The Cornwall Wildlife Trust recommended that the International Maritime Organisation should ban the discharge of PIB into the ocean.

4.

The oil that killed seabirds in Devon and Cornwall was believed to be responsible for the illness of the birds in January and February.

5.

1. Two weeks ago seven hundred seabirds were detected to have been destroyed on one of the British coastal areas.

6.

False Statement này là false bởi vì trong bài đọc có thông tin ―More than 700 … have been washed up … The last fortnight…‖ > false ở chỗ thông tin đúng phải là more than 700 seabirds chứ không phải là 700 seabirds.

7.

Một số bạn chọn False với lý do ―two weeks ago‖ trái ngược so với thông tin ―last week‖ ở câu đầu tiên là chưa chính xác, tuy đáp án false vẫn đúng nhưng các bạn cần phải chọn đúng thông tin trong bài đọc để đánh giá về statement trong câu hỏi. Tip ở đây là nếu trong câu hỏi có con số, địa điểm hoặc tên riêng thì bạn cần tìm đúng câu nào trong bài đọc có con số, địa điểm ấy và đọc thật kỹ câu ấy cũng như các câu xung quanh.

8.

2. Environment pollution by PIB could lead to the extinction of seabirds in Britain.

9.

Not given

10. 3. The Cornwall Wildlife Trust recommended that the International Maritime Organisation should ban the discharge of PIB into the ocean. 11. True 12. 4. The oil that killed seabirds in Devon and Cornwall was believed to be responsible for the illness of the birds in January and February. 13. True Thông tin này nằm ở câu cuối cùng của đoạn văn thứ hai trong bài đọc. Sau đây là một số chiến lược làm bài cho phần thi TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN, phần thi được cho là đau đầu nhất và khó khăn nhất mà rất nhiều sinh viên phải e ngại trong phần thi IELTS Reading. Hãy cẩn thận ĐỌC KỸ HƯỚNG DẪN và điền câu trả lời là TRUE thay vì YES hoặc ngược lại. Mặc dù chiến lược làm bài là giống nhau nhưng bạn cũng sẽ bị trừ điểm nếu như bạn không viết đúng từ như yêu cầu cho câu trả lời của bạn. Các bạn sinh viên nhìn chung là đều thấy phần thi này khá là khó. Lí do là các bạn đã quen với loại bài tập True/False trong đó thì False bao gồm cả False và Not Given. Khi làm bài thi True/ False/ Not Given thì không phân biệt được sự khác nhau giữa ba loại tương phản và Not Given. Dó đó rất quan trọng khi hiểu được False là thế nào trong True/ False/ Not Given. Có ba loại tương phản: • phát ngôn trái ngược với văn bản gốc.

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• phát ngôn trái với văn bản gốc vì ở dạng phủ định. • phát ngôn mà thông tin không trái ngược hoặc phủ định, nhưng thông tin trong phát ngôn trái với những gì được cho trong văn bản. Hãy xem những ví dụ sau liên quan đến văn bản và các bài tập: Ví dụ 1 There are plans to increase slightly the space for displaying art at the Uffizi. Bạn có thể thấy rằng phát ngôn là False vì a slight increase là trái với an increase of 100%. Ví dụ 2 From the author’s point of view, the plan to increase the space for displaying art at the Uffizi gallery is not at all ambitious. Bạn có thể thấy rằng phát ngôn là False vì trái với văn bản là it is ambitious. Ví dụ 3 A collection of pictures by Caravaggio now in a small room on the second floor will soon be transferred to larger premises on the first. Bạn có thể thấy rằng phát ngôn là False vì văn bản chỉ ra rằng the paintings are by Caravaggio and his school không phải chỉ by Caravaggio Bạn hãy ghi nhớ rằng phát ngôn trái với một phần thông tin cơ bản [by Caravaggio], mà văn bản gốc lại bao gồm hai phần [by Caravaggio and his school]. So sánh ví dụ sau: The Palazzo degli Uffizi was designed by Giorgio Vasari, who was an artist. Phát ngôn chứa một phần thông tin. Sinh viên rất dễ nhầm lẫn do trong văn bản cho biết Vasari was an historian and an artist nhưng phát ngôn ở đây chỉ muốn biết liệu có phải he was an artist Chiến lược nhằm giúp cho các bạn sinh viên làm tốt bài tập S True/ False/ Not Given Nếu chúng ta có những câu như trong các ví dụ trên, chúng ta có một cách đơn giản để giúp bạn hiểu được câu hỏi yêu cầu gì. Câu There are plans to increase slightly the space for displaying art at the Uffizi. • Chuyển câu sau thành câu hỏi: Are there plans to increase slightly the space for displaying art at the Uffizi? • Tự hỏi mình từ hoặc cụm từ nào ẩn chứa thông tin cơ bản trong phát ngôn: There are plans to increase the space for displaying art. • Tự yêu cầu mình nói xem từ nào có khả năng là điểm nhấn chính của phát ngôn nhất: slightly.Điều này sẽ giúp bạn tìm được trọng tâm của phát. • Tự yêu cầu mình nối các mẩu thông tin riêng lẻ vào trong văn bản. • Nhớ rằng bạn phải luôn nhìn từ phát ngôn tới văn bản và không phân tích từ văn bản đến phát ngôn. Trong bài tập True/ False câu trả lời theo cả hai hướng là giống nhau nhưng trong bài tập True/ False/ Not Given bạn có thể sẽ có câu trả lời khác! 1. Cranley Hill Primary School first opened in A. 1830

B. 1899

C. 1983

2. There are fewer pupils in the school now than in the past because A. there are not enough teachers B. students have transport problems C. the local population has declined

3. The head teacher is proud that the school is provided with energy from A. wind power from their own turbine B. coal from the local mines C. electricity supplied by nearby villages

4. The head teacher believes that primary pupils should study problems which A. are regional than global B. can be solved locally

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C. may have no clear answer

5. The children’s meals at school are unusual because A. they include food grown by the children B. they are provided by local people C. the children are involved in cooking the food 1. Cranley Hill Primary School first opened in A.1830

B.1899

C.1983

Trong câu hỏi: bạn cần lưu ý từ first bởi đề bài có thể nhắc tới hai, ba thời điểm. Trong đáp án: việc để ý thấy có hai năm bắt đầu bằng 18… và một năm bắt đầu bằng 19… giúp bạn dễ khoanh vùng câu trả lời hơn 2. There are fewer pupils in the school now than in the past because A. there are not enough teachers B. students have transport problems C. the local population has declined Đáp án C được paraphrased trong bài Listening thành:

o o o

… many people left the area as a result Noadays most of the remaining inhabitants tend to commute to work in the city rather than working locally … due to the decline in the population of the mining villages

3. The head teacher is proud that the school is provided with energy from A.wind power from their own turbine B.coal from the local mines C.electricity supplied by nearby villages Đáp án A được paraphrased trong bài Listening thành:

o o

… we are especially proud of our status as Great Britain’s first school to be entirely powered by wind energy … a wind power turbin should be installed in the school field

4. The head teacher believes that primary pupils should study problems which A. are regional than global B. can be solved locally C. may have no clear answer Ở đây bạn phải loại trừ để ra được đáp án A. Thông tin phủ nhận đáp án B và C như sau: I feel it may be irresponsible to burden young children with worries about global issues which areinsoluble. 5. The children’s meals at school are unusual because A. they include food grown by the children B. they are provided by local people C. the children are involved in cooking the food

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Đáp án A được paraphrased trong bài Listening thành:

o o

… we have developed our school field into what we now call our ―secret garden‖ Here the pupils have their own organic vegetable patch, and another special feature of the school is that the vegetables grown here are used in the school kitchen for school lunches

Trong section 2 của bài thi IELTS Listening bạn có thể gặp dạng bài điền tên các địa danh trên bản đồ. Đây là dạng bài tương đối khó vì thí sinh phải vận dụng nhiều kỹ năng cùng một lúc để làm bài, bao gồm kỹ năng xác định phương hướng, kỹ năng nghe thật kỹ phần mô tả trong bài nghe… Để làm tốt dạng bài map labelling này các bạn cần lưu ý một số điểm như sau:

o o

các địa danh trên bản đồ sẽ xuất hiện trong bài nghe theo đúng số thứ tự tương ứng trên bản đồ bạn phải xác định đươc địa điểm khởi đầu của bản đồ, ví dụ như vị trí mà bạn đang đứng ở đầu bài nghe để từ đó sẽ đi tiếp tới các điểm khác trên bản đồ (xem bài thực hành bên dưới)

o

bạn cần xác định phương hướng (nếu có chỉ dẫn trên bản đồ), ví dụ như bạn đang quay mặt về hướng nào, bên trái/bên phải/đằng trước/đằng sau của bạn là gì…

o

khi nghe bạn hãy viết tên của địa danh vào con số đi kèm với địa danh trên bản đồ. Làm như vậy sẽ tiết kiệm rất nhiều thời gian so với check đáp án và viết con số của đáp án

Thực hành: Bạn hãy làm bài nghe sau đây Listen to the recording and label the map below. Write the correct letter from the box in each place. Do not copy the whole word. Click here to listen Bạn hãy click vào bản đồ để xem rõ hơn.

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Trong section 2 của bài thi IELTS Listening bạn có thể gặp dạng bài điền tên các địa danh trên bản đồ. Đây là dạng bài tương đối khó vì thí sinh phải vận dụng nhiều kỹ năng cùng một lúc để làm bài, bao gồm kỹ năng xác định phương hướng, kỹ năng nghe thật kỹ phần mô tả trong bài nghe… Để làm tốt dạng bài map labelling này các bạn cần lưu ý một số điểm như sau:

o o

các địa danh trên bản đồ sẽ xuất hiện trong bài nghe theo đúng số thứ tự tương ứng trên bản đồ bạn phải xác định đươc địa điểm khởi đầu của bản đồ, ví dụ như vị trí mà bạn đang đứng ở đầu bài nghe để từ đó sẽ đi tiếp tới các điểm khác trên bản đồ (xem bài thực hành bên dưới)

o

bạn cần xác định phương hướng (nếu có chỉ dẫn trên bản đồ), ví dụ như bạn đang quay mặt về hướng nào, bên trái/bên phải/đằng trước/đằng sau của bạn là gì…

o

khi nghe bạn hãy viết tên của địa danh vào con số đi kèm với địa danh trên bản đồ. Làm như vậy sẽ tiết kiệm rất nhiều thời gian so với check đáp án và viết con số của đáp án

Thực hành: Bạn hãy làm bài nghe sau đây Listen to the recording and label the map below. Write the correct letter from the box in each place. Do not copy the whole word. Click here to listen Bạn hãy click vào bản đồ để xem rõ hơn.

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Tuy đây không phải là dạng bài IELTS Listening đặc thù nhưng lại vô cùng hữu ích giúp bạn cải thiện kỹ năng nghe nói chung và kỹ năng điền từ vào chỗ trống nói riêng. Nếu bạn làm tốt dạng bài này thì Section 1 trong IELTS Listening sẽ ―chỉ là muỗi mà thôi‖ ! Click here for audio file No evidence has linked extreme weather events to climate change, flood, drought or storm, until now. A new report, released by British and American climate agencies, analyzes a dozen1………………… which occurred worldwide in 2012. ―What they find is [with] about half of the events,‖ said Thomas Karl, director of the NOAA National Climatic Data Center, ―the analyses reveal 2 ………………… that 3 ………………… was a factor contributing to the extreme event.‖ The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and Britain’s Met Office Hadley Centre edited the report. Co-editor and NOAA scientist Thomas Peterson says natural weather patterns and 4 ………………… climate change are factors in the intensity and evolution of events. He says ―While last year’s spring and summer heat waves in the United States are attributed to normal atmospheric dynamics, climate scientists found that is not the entire story.‖ ―They estimated that 5 ………………… climate change contributed about one-third of the6 ………………… ,‖ Peterson said. ―Or in terms of risk, greenhouse warming had already made very large seasonal departures from normal, like the temperatures in the spring in the Eastern U.S. about 12 times more likely to occur.‖ The report also blamed human-caused climate change for the warmer ocean and atmosphere that drove the loss of sea ice in the Arctic. That was not the case with Hurricane Sandy, the devastating storm that hit New Jersey and New York last October. Karl says the rare event might have occurred anyway.

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―What the analysis was saying with the 7 ………………… , that just makes that kind of event8………………… ,‖ Karl said. ―And in some of these events that is the kind of result that we are seeing. However, in a number of these other events we could not detect a human influence.‖ High rainfall in Britain, the United States, China and Japan were mainly due to 9 ………………… , while the report detected a warming-climate connection in precipitation in Australia and New Zealand. ―We are making great strides in our ability to understand these events,‖ Karl said. ―We attribute this to increased 10 ………………… [and] improved quality of data sets. With these tools we continue to gain more insights into the many factors that affect both the frequency and intensity as well as the 11 ………………… patterns of the extreme events.‖ And, Karl adds, the more accurate information collected by climate scientists can help policy makers and the public better understand and manage the impact of climate change. 1.

Các bạn làm đúng phần lớn các câu, chỉ có một vài chỗ bị sai vì thiếu ―s‖ hoặc không chọn đúng dạng của từ. Đây là các lỗi cơ bản, nếu các bạn để ý thêm và biết cách phextreme weather events

2.

compelling evidence

3.

human-caused change

4.

human-induced

5.

human-caused

6.

magnitude of that warmth

7.

added increase of sea level

8.

incrementally worse

9.

natural variability

10. computational resource 11. spatial and temporal ân tích thì sẽ tránh được.

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Phân tích: 1.

đây là một danh từ, cụ thể là tên một nghề nghiệp nào đó

2.

đây là một tính từ vì ở ngay bên dưới nó là từ ―too health-conscious‖ cũng là một tính từ

3.

nhiều khả năng là một danh từ

4.

tên riêng, cụ thể là họ (family name)

5.

tính từ

6.

danh từ/nghề nghiệp

7.

tinh từ; các bạn lưu ý ở đây cần phải điền đủ 2 tính từ thì mới được trọn vẹn điểm câu số 7 này

8.

danh từ/một món đồ vật nào đó

9.

số điện thoại di động

10. ngày tháng Đáp án 1.

(a) sports

2.

energetic

3.

(a) big room

4.

Spencer

5.

hardworking

6.

(an) engineer

7.

competitive, stressed

8.

bicycle

9.

0777 687 2433

10. 28th September (September 28th) Nhiều bạn mắc lỗi thiếu “s” ở câu số 1 và thiếu “ed” ở câu số 7. Các bạn cần lưu ý về dạng của từ, ở câu số 7 thì phải là tính từ, do đó nếu đã nghe được ―stress‖ nhưng lại không nghe được âm cuối ―ed‖ trong đoạn băng thì bạn hoàn toàn có thể suy luận để chia từ này ở dạng tính từ. SCANIA is a key player in 1_______________ and sustainability development. Ongoing research in cooperation with universities and co-financed by the Swedish authorities concern systems that assist drivers, 2_______________ and safe fuel. Everything we do at RND is focusing on saving lives and saving the environment. We have designed functions like 3_______________ assist that will help the driver stay in the lane, in its own lane. And active sight assistance function, which will prevent the driver from colliding when, for example, changing lane. And then 4_______________ system that will automatically brake the vehicle in case there are accidents. SCANIA trucks are equipped with the latest technology such as fusion radar, cameras,5_______________. The data from the multiple sensors is analyzed with accuracy, and the core active action is taken. One of the future-looking projects within SCANIA’s research is a system for automated driving in 6_______________. With such a system, the driver can, for instance, surf from the Internet or do some paperwork instead of spending time driving at a low speed up to 50 kilometers per hour.

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One task for SCANIA’s research is to reduce 7_______________. Every year in Europe about 35,000 people are killed in road accidents. In 10 percent of these, trucks are involved, often with severe damage. Automated driving, Wifi communication, 8_______________, and other systems that support the driver can have a great impact on the number of accidents where commercial vehicles are involved. Automated driving can also improve traffic flow and help cut fuel cost, thereby strengthening the manufacture 9_______________. According to SCANIA scientists, recent research projects may cut fuel cost and10_______________ by as much as 10 percent, with automated driving in traffic jam situations reducing up to 18 percent. Bài tập này tuy không khó nhưng lại giúp bạn làm quen với hai giọng nói khác nhau: một giọng lưu loát dễ nghe, giọng còn lại hơi ngập ngừng và khó nghe hơn. Ngoài ra bài tập này còn yêu cầu bạn phải nghe kỹ để phân biệt các âm cuối có s và không có s. 1.

road safety innovation

2.

reduce road accidents

3.

lane-keeping

4.

autonomous braking

5.

ultrasonic and digital maps

6.

traffic jam situations

7.

human error

8.

traffic sensors

9.

sustainability efforts

10. emissions

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