Pathophysiology Of Peptic Ulcer Disease

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ACUTE PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE Risk Factors 1. Age: 50 years old and above 2. Stress 3. Having an O blood type 4. Helicobacter pylori infection 5. Ingestion of gastric irritants: (Alcohol, milk, caffeine, sour food) 6. Having other illnesses (Patient has existing renal and hepatic disorders)

Increased gastrin secretion Increased gastric acid production

1. Sour eructation 2. Hiccupping

Damage/erosion of the mucosa 1. Epigastric pain 2. Vomiting 3. Loss/decreased appetite

Decreased resistance to bacteria

Formation of ulcers Gastrointestinal bleeding

Signs and symptoms of Anemia 1. Vital signs changes: - Tachycardia - Tachypnea - Low blood pressure 2. Faintness/dizziness 3. Severe pallor 4. Pale conjunctiva 5. Pale nailbeds 6. Easy fatigability 7. Decreased hematocrit 8. Decreased hemoglobin

WITH INTERVENTIONS Medical Management: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Increased Helicobacter pylori proliferation Inflammation of the gastric mucosa

Stool change(s): Melena

Antacids and Proton-pump inhibitors Antifibrinolytics Anti-infectives: H. pylori eradication therapy ACUTE PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE Prostaglandin E1 Analogue

Nursing Management: 1. Pain relief 2. Management of bleeding 3. Monitoring and management of potential complications RECOVERY: 4. Health educationGOOD PROGNOSIS

Decrease in circulating Hypovolemic shock WITHOUT INTERVENTIONS DEATH: BAD PROGNOSIS blood Bleeding continues (Inadequate brain volume tissue perfusion)