Pathophysiology Of Peptic Ulcer

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE Contributory factor:  Diet: caffeine intake  Alcohol and smoking  Presence of Helicobacter pylori infection

Precipitating factors:  Age: 50-70 years old  Gender: male

Increase hydrochloric acid (HCL) production

Irritation of the lining (mucosal) of the stomach, duodenum, proximal of small intestines

Damaged mucosal barrier Decreased function of mucosal cells Decreased quality of mucus Loss of tight junctions between

Inflammatory process S/Sx: Abdominal Pain

Back diffusion of acid into gastric mucosa

Conversion of pepsinogen to pepsin

Further mucosal erosion Destruction of blood Mucosal injury

Ulceration

Formation of liberation of histamine Increase acid secretion Stimulation of cholinergic intramural plexus, causing muscle spasm

Bleeding/ Hemorrhage Decreased oxygen carrying capacity as manifested by decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit level S/Sx: Pallor, Lightheadedness, and weakness

S/Sx: black tarry stools, vomiting with the presence of blood

Local vasodilation Increase capillary permeability Loss of plasma proteins Mucosal edema Loss of plasma into gastric lumen