Types Of Malay Houses 2019.pptx

RAK 346 2018/2019

RAK 346: History & Theory of Architecture II

TYPES OF TRADITIONAL

MALAY HOUSES By: Dr.

Mazran Ismail

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Traditional Malay Houses: 21st C.

Jelutong, 2010’s

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Traditional Malay Houses: 20th C.

Jelutong, 1910’s

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Traditional Malay Houses: 19th C.

Malay kampung house in 1811 painting by T & W. Daniell (in ‘A Pictorial History of Malaysia’)

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Austronesian Houses: Ancient Time

Dongson bronze drums images - from North Vietnam & Indonesia - between 600BC - 400 BC - showing the space utility of a Austronesian house - the main floor: people - the under floor: domestic animals - The saddle-roof, post-built houses with extended rafters on the roof resembling finials

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Traditional Malay Houses: Bumbung Bumbung Panjang Panjang

Bumbung Lipat Kajang -

the oldest & simplest - most efficient for extension (house additions) & ventilation (with tebar layar) - usually for poorer villagers

Development

Bumbung Bumbung Lima Lima

Bumbung Bumbung Perak Perak

Hipped roof - Dutch influence - originated from Riau - 1st introduced in Malacca & Johor - no tebar layar - relatively bigger house with lower roof - rumah ibu & dapur have different roof

Bumbung Potong Belanda - gabled hip roof for ventilation - Dutch & British influence - most commonly used

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Traditional Malay Houses

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Traditional Malay Houses: Spaces Typical spaces: anjung, serambi & rumah ibu, selang, rumah tengah, dapur

dapur

Rumah tengah Rumah ibu serambi

laman

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Traditional Malay Houses: Function

Shelter

Economic function

Education function

Religious function

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Traditional Malay Houses: PERINGKAT (Pra-Natal) Fetus

UPACARA

‘LenggangPerut’

ACARA Membetulkan keadaan kandungan

TETAMU Saudara-mara dan orang rumah

RUANG Bilik Tidur Ruang Selang

Hari Kelahiran

Laungan Qamat

Bayi yang baru lahir Sanak saudara terdekat disambut dan disyukuri dan jiran tetangga oleh bapanya atau ahli agama di kampung tersebut

Ruang Tamu

(1 hingga 40 hari)

Bercukur Rambut

Doa Selamat (Majlis Kesyukuran untuk menyambut kelahiran bayi)

Saudara mara, kenalan rapat dan penduduk kampung

Ruang Tamu

(5 hingga 14 tahun)

Majlis Khatam Quran

Pembacaan Al-Quran di depan tetamu

Saudara mara, kenalan rapat dan penduduk kampung

Ruang Tamu

(12 tahun dan Ke Bawah)

Majlis Berkhatan

Remaja dikhatankan. Majlis Doa selamat diadakan selepas sembuh Bertukar-tukar dulang hantaran Upacara akad nikah

Saudara mara, kenalan rapat

Ruang Selang/ Bilik Tidur Ruang Tamu

Saudara mara, kenalan dan penduduk kampung

Keseluruhan ruang (di dalam dan luar rumah)

Baligh (Dewasa)

Ikatan Perkahwinan

Usia Tua

Kematian

Mandi mayat, kapan, Tiada jemputan-pelawat ditempatkan di keranda datang untukmemberikan dan disembahyangkan penghormatan

Socio-cultural

Ruang Selang (mandi mayat) & ruang tamu (sembahyang)

Upacara Alih-Taraf (Rites De Passage) Masyarakat Melayu

MALAY HOUSES Peninsula

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Traditional Malay Houses: Differences A

Roof

Differences

Spaces

B

Material Decoration

C D

MALAY HOUSES Peninsula Kelantan Terengganu Perlis Kedah Penang Perak Pahang Selangor N.Sembilan Melaka Johore

MALAY HOUSES Peninsula Kelantan Terengganu Perlis Kedah Penang Perak Pahang Selangor N.Sembilan Melaka Johore

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CATEGORY

ZONE 1: KELANTAN & TERENGGANU

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CATEGORY Catatan oleh "Ma Toun Lin" pada kurun ke 13: - terdapat persamaan senibina rumah di Republik Kemboja dan senibina rumah di Patani (Singora) Thailand. Oleh kerana Patani mempunyai hubungan sejarah dan kebudayaan yang rapat dengan negeri-negeri Kedah, Kelantan dan Terengganu maka senibina rumah tiang dua belas di Kelantan dan Terengganu di pengaruhi oleh Senibina Patani. - Tan Sri Mubin Sheppard

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KELANTAN  2 types of tradisional houses: i) Rumah Bujang ii) Rumah Tiang 12

KELANTAN:

Rumah Bujang  Rumah Bujang  almost extinct  original form of Kelantan traditional house  only 1 component of house stands on 6 main pillars  rumah ibu and ruang dapur  no ruang serambi  rumah ibu has no wall/only tirai (draping cloth between pillars)  4 windows & 2 doors

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KELANTAN: Rumah Tiang 12  Rumah Tiang 12 (Twelve Pillars House)  ‘extension version’ of Rumah Bujang  can be found in in Kota Bahru & dates back about 100 years  consists of 12 main posts for the main house and 6 long posts (not including tiang tongkat, tiang gantung & tiang tambah)  very different with other states and features similar to Thailand & Cambodian house  steep & tiered roofs with 2 pairs of curved gable ends (papan pemeleh or tumpu kasau) - pemeleh ibu and pemeleh serambi  made of 3 sections: rumah ibu (with ruang selasar), rumah tengah & rumah dapur  the central section & kitchen are not sub-divided into rooms

KELANTAN:

Rumah Tiang 12

Lambor Selasar Lantai basah Rembat

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KELANTAN: Rumah Tiang 12

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TERENGGANU  2 types of traditional houses: i) Rumah Bujang Selasar (Rumah Tele) ii) Rumah Limas Bungkus

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TERENGGANU: Rumah Bujang Selasar  Rumah Bujang Selasar (Rumah Tele)  only 1 component of house stands on 6 main pillars  rumah ibu and ruang dapur  no ruang serambi  rumah ibu has no wall/only tirai (from clothes)

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TERENGGANU: Rumah Limas Bungkus  Rumah Limas Bungkus (Five Roofed House)  can be found in the Besut District.  since the 20th C.- those exist today date back only 40 or 50 years  derived from the Dutch and British. 1st introduced in the Riau archipelago around the 17th -19th C.  introduced in Terengganu during 19th C.  Form: some are long & some are square  perabung lurus with four short ridges, pointing down to the four edges of the roof  anjung, serambi, ruang tengah and rumah dapur  kayu cengal, meranti and kapur  attap- genting senggora

TERENGGANU:

Rumah Limas Bungkus

Pelantar

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TERENGGANU: Rumah Limas Bungkus

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CATEGORY

ZONE II: PERLIS, KEDAH & PENANG

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PERLIS: Rumah Bumbung Panjang Perlis    

The Perlis Long Roofed house dates back more than 70 years standing on more than 24 main pillars has an elongated shape & a horizontal roof with gable ends at the ends  the basic grid consists of  rumah ibu, ruang lepar, ruang tengah, ruang tamu and dapur is not separated by a wall, but only by a passage called ruang selang  made of Cengal & Damar Laut  walls are from kelarai

PERLIS:

Rumah Bumbung Panjang Perlis

Ruang Tamu

Ruang Lepar/ serambi

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KEDAH: Rumah Bumbung Panjang Kedah    

Kedah Long Roofed House looks like an elephant suckling her young. has similarity with Perlis Long Roofed House stands on more than 20 posts (for the main house) made up of more sections with:  ruang rumah tangga, ruang lepar, serambi sama naik, bilik & dapur  ‘Cengal’, ‘Meranti’ and ‘Damar Laut’ wood and bamboo  roof– sago, nipah & Senggora tiles  Walls- flattened bamboo strips interwoven in a pattern

KEDAH:

Rumah Bumbung Panjang Kedah

Ruang Lepar/ serambi Rumah Tangga

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PENANG  Malay Traditional Houses in Penang:-

i) Rumah Bumbung Panjang ii) Rumah Serambi iii) Rumah Serambi Gajah Menyusu Malay Fishing Village in Batu Feringhi

Rumah Serambi Gajah Menyusu in Balik Pulau

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PENANG: Rumah Gajah Menyusu  Rumah Serambi Gajah Menyusu ("Elephant Milking" Verandah House)  roof of the main house is higher than the verandah, is akin to an elephant suckling her young.  the whole structure is made up of a main house and a kitchen  divided into ruang rumah tangga, ruang tengah, ruang serambi dalam, ‘the ruang gajah menyusu’ and dapur  ‘Cengal’ and ‘Meranti’ wood  roof - sago palm.

PENANG:

Rumah Gajah Menyusu

Rumah Tangga

Ruang gajah menyusu

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PENANG: Rumah Gajah Menyusu

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CATEGORY

ZONE III: PERAK & PAHANG

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PERAK: Rumah Kutai  Rumah Kutai or Old House  located by the banks of Perak River: Perak Tengah, Hilir Perak and Kuala Kangsar  elongated roof with kelarai tabir layar  at the base is the alang para buang (storage)  walls & floors-bamboo matting,roof–sago plams  the main section- 12 or 16 timber posts.  the interior- undivided and on the same level  made up of serambi, ruang ibu and a bilik and at the back is the rumah dapur, which is separated by an unroofed passage  very small window & door openings - affect the lighting in the house which make the house often very dark  Dinding kelarai (tembus angin), thus doesn’t need sisir angin/kerawang

PERAK:

Rumah Kutai

Jemuran

Bilik

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PERAK: Rumah Kutai

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PERAK

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PAHANG : Rumah Serambi Pahang  Rumah Serambi Pahang / Verandah House  dates back 100 years  have more common with those of the west coast states – influenced by the Bugis (a seafaring people from Sulawesi)  typically lower to the ground, use smaller timbers & are less elaborately carved  but with a long roof where the gable ends are edged with carvings.  consists of rumah ibu and dapur, pentas and a perbalai and the back is the ruang serambi or ruang kelek anak  Jack roof in the kitchen to allow smoke to escape while cooking  the kitchen comprises of a main kitchen or ruang penanggah and a landing or pelantar for cooking and as a waiting room.

PAHANG: Rumah Serambi Pahang

Pelantar Penanggah Pentas

Perbalai

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CATEGORY

ZONE IV: SELANGOR, N.SEMBILAN, MALACCA & JOHORE

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SELANGOR:

Rumah Bumbung Panjang Selangor

 dates back more than 60 years  closely resemble those in Malacca & N.Sembilan due to their historical ties  known as the Long Roofed House as the roof consists of a long, straight horizontal ridge  at the ends of the roof are the gable ends made from double-layered wood  stands on 12 main posts: 6 long posts & 6 shorter posts for the inner verandah  The basic grid consists of 3 components:  main house, central section & kitchen  an open jutting verandah which serves as a reception room

SELANGOR: Rumah Bumbung Panjang Selangor

Rumah Tangga

Beranda

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SELANGOR:

Rumah Bumbung Panjang Selangor

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N.SEMBILAN:

Rumah Bumbung Panjang N.S

 the one and only TMH to have a curved roof reminiscent of the Minangkabau roof of Sumatra  long roof and at the ends of the roof are the tabir layar which arch upwards  much smaller compare to other traditional house  made up of the main house, central section & the kitchen  with a peran or attic which is used as a girls bedroom or for storage

N.SEMBILAN:

Peran

Rumah Bumbung Panjang N.Sembilan

Peran

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N.SEMBILAN:

Rumah Bumbung Panjang N.S

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MALACCA: Rumah Melayu Melaka  renowned by its glazed and multicoloured tiles & stone steps indicates traces of Chinese & Colonial influences  flowers are a common motif  the house evinces a mixture of architectural influences, which mainly adopted from the traditional Chinese house  stands on 12 or 16 main posts  made up of rumah ibu, ruang tengah & dapur  in the central section is a room and separating the main house and the kitchen is a passage called ‘selang’  Has an attic (peran) used as a bedroom for the girls especially when there is a wedding ceremony & as a storage  built with ‘Cengal’, ‘Meranti’ & ‘Damar laut’

MALACCA: Rumah Melayu Melaka

Pelantar

Peran

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MALACCA: Rumah Melayu Melaka

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JOHORE: Rumah Limas Bugis  Five Roofed House  Rumah Limas Bugis (Bugis Five-Roofed House)  influenced by the Bugis of Sulawesi, Indonesia  Pontian District  recognized by its long ridged roof, joined to four ridges  at the ends of each main ridge are upright sharp wooden projections  The fascia is decorated with wooden carvings  ‘Cengal’, ‘Keranji’, ‘Penak’ and ‘Meranti’

JOHORE:

Rumah Limas Bugis

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JOHORE: Rumah Limas Bugis

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Summary Types Kelantan

Terengganu

Roof

Main Posts 6

Spaces

Structure & Material

Rumah Bujang

Long Roofed House

no ruang serambi, no wall in rumah curved gable ends ibu

Rumah Tiang 12

Long Roofed House

12

rumah ibu with ruang selasar

Rumah Bujang

Long Roofed House

6

no ruang serambi, no wall in rumah curved gable ends ibu

Rumah Limas Bungkus

Five-Roofed House

dinding janda berhias, 2 pairs of papan pemeleh & senggora tiles

Typical spaces: anjung,rumah ibu, ruang tengah & dapur

carved fascia board and wall, senggora tiles

Perlis

Long Roofed House

24

ruang lepar, ruang tamu

bamboo wall & senggora tiles

Kedah

Long Roofed House

20

ruang rumah tangga, ruang lepar, serambi sama naik, bilik

long roof, like ‘gajah menyusu’ & bamboo wall, nipah & Senggora roof tiles

Penang

Long Roofed House

ruang rumah tangga, ruang serambi dalam, ‘the ruang gajah menyusu’

roof of the main house is higher than the verandah, like ‘gajah menyusu’

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Summary Types

Roof

Perak

Long Roofed House

Pahang

Long Roofed House

Selangor

Long Roofed House

Negeri Sembilan

Long Roofed HouseMinangkabau roof

Malacca

Long Roofed House

Johore

Five Roofed House

Main Posts 12-16

Spaces

alang para buang (storage), 1 room for daughters

Structure & Material small opening, attic and wall bamboo matting (tembus angin), no kerawang

Pentas, perbalai & ruang serambi Lower to the ground, smaller timber, or ruang kelek anak, ruang dapur carved gable end, jack roof in the comprises of a ruang penanggah & kitchen pelantar 12

12-1

open jutting verandah (serves as a reception room), no selang

long, straight horizontal ridge, the gable ends made from double-layered wood

with a peran (attic) as a girls bedroom

reminiscent of the Minangkabau roof (the tabir layars arch upwards- tanduk kerbau), relatively much smaller

with a peran (attic) as a girls bedroom

multicoloured tiles staircase

No pangkal serambi

Long ridge, carved fascia & upright sharp wooden projections

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RUMAH CINA PERANAKAN KELANTAN

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